Adaora Anyichie - Odis | Texila American University (original) (raw)

Papers by Adaora Anyichie - Odis

Direct Research Journal of Health and Pharmacology, 2024

Self-medication with malaria drugs is becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The a... more Self-medication with malaria drugs is becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudinal dispositions, on respondents on the use of self-medication with malaria drugs in Nigeria. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected with kobotoolbox Forms. A total of 399 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 43.52 years (± 10.90) years. Majority of the respondents were young adults between the age ranges of 34-44 years. Coartem (68.7%) was most used by the study respondents. Doctor's and Pharmacist's prescription for the respondents were 50.9% and 54.40%, respectively. 96.2% of the respondents complied with the duration of the use of the malaria drug, 68.90% reported that they had no side effects and 34.8% stated that the malaria drug was effective to resolving their illness. The respondents indicated that 25.30% and 21.10% have taken malaria drugs once and twice, respectively, between September 2022 and August 2023. Convenience (58.60%), Cost saving (23.60%), Long delays in hospital (23.10%), and attitude of hospital staff (6.3%) were mostly the reasons why the study respondents were involved in self-medicating with malaria drugs. 96.2% of respondents said they completely understood the instructions for the malaria medications they used to self-medicate. More than half of the respondents (53.9%) sometimes sleep under the mosquito net, 32.6% has never sleep under mosquito net, and this is not a good public health practice given that malaria is a deadly disease. WHO recommends that the public should sleep under insecticide treated mosquito nets, especially pregnant women and children.We recommend in this study that the use of media to discourage the masses from self-medication with malaria drugs.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2023

Malaria vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the Africa's challenge of death amon... more Malaria vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the Africa's challenge of death amongst children under 5. As malaria vaccines are yet to be distributed in Nigeria, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the malaria vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was set up using kobotoolbox forms and data were collected online. Data collected were analyzed using GNU PSPP. A total of 399 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 43.52 years (± 10.90). The majority of the respondents were young adults. The majority of our respondents (72.9%) have heard of the malaria vaccine while the majority said they would take the malaria vaccine if available (85.2%). The major source of information on the malaria vaccine was the internet (55.4%), health workers (51.9%), and media (Radio/Television/Posters/Billboards/Pamphlets) (44.9%). Malaria vaccination uptake had a significant positive association with the level of education and level of monthly income (p < 0.05 respectively). Lack of availability, information, knowledge, awareness, cost of a malaria vaccine, the long distance to get to vaccination centers were the leading barriers to vaccine uptake. This calls for key stakeholders to ensure that malaria vaccination sensitization is championed immediately in Nigeria and discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the infodemic associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and thereby increase malaria vaccination uptake in Nigeria.

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly... more COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly infectious disease. However, the coverage rate is an essential factor that decides successful vaccination. As vaccines are being distributed around the world, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them despite the availability of the vaccine. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between February and April 2022 using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was set up using Google Forms and data were collected via online method. Relevant data collected were analyzed using STATA version 14. A total of 378 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 32 years (± 8.50) years. Majority of the respondents are young adults between the age range of 25-35 years. 74.9% of the respondents are Christians. All the respondents ...

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2023

COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly... more COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly infectious disease. However, the coverage rate is an essential factor that decides successful vaccination. As vaccines are being distributed around the world, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them despite the availability of the vaccine. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between February and April 2022 using a semistructured questionnaire. It was set up using Google Forms and data were collected via online method. Relevant data collected were analyzed using STATA version 14. A total of 378 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 32 years (± 8.50) years. Majority of the respondents are young adults between the age range of 25-35 years. 74.9% of the respondents are Christians. All the respondents have heard of the COVID-19 vaccine while about one-third of them had taken the COVID-19 vaccine (62.2%). The uptake of the vaccine had a significant positive association with the level of education and level of monthly income (p =0.004 and 0.002 respectively) aORs =0.386, 95% (CI=0.184-0.810). Two out of three Nigerian respondents had taken the coronavirus vaccine. However, the long distance to get to vaccination centers was the leading barrier to vaccine uptake. Hence, this calls for key stakeholders to ensure that COVID-19 vaccination centers are close to residents in Nigeria and for leaders at all levels to be involved in public education based on sound evidence and the discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the negative associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and thereby increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Nigeria.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2023

Vaccination is very important to improve population health throughout lifebut despite strong evid... more Vaccination is very important to improve population health throughout lifebut despite strong evidence, it is misunderstood and undervalued. Catch-up vaccination aims to provide optimal protection against disease as quickly as possible by completing a person's recommended vaccination schedule in the shortest but most effective time frame. This descriptive cross-sectional implementation Research was designed to solve problems for Covid-19 recoveries for routine immunization program in private Nursery and primary school in Kosofe Local Government Area Lagos (School-based intervention). The sample size of 135 was adopted with purposive sampling method from the target population. All data were coded, entered, cleaned, and then analyzed using the IBM PSPP. Children that missed vaccination were tracked out more (90) and vaccinated, demand generation with the help of vaccine demand pooling in school for secondary vaccines, the awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases were created more at different schools Parents Teachers Association's meetings. Implementation Research is one of the measures and a component in the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA 2030) designed to achieve the Life course immunization. Creating awareness and sensitization is very important in schools, especially using the power of storytelling for positive change in vaccination uptake. There are parents who can afford to pay for secondary vaccines but don't have the information and there are parents who have the information but can't afford to pay for secondary vaccines due to economic hardship in Nigeria. We recommend that vaccine demand pooling in schools is championed to enable parents to afford secondary vaccines for their children.

Texila International Journal of Academic Research, 2022

Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the foremost important preventive measures of modern times; epi... more Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the foremost important preventive measures of modern times; epidemics are feared as one of the most damaging phenomena in human societies. Aim: The thesis unveiled how the interplay between the probability of infection, vaccine effectiveness, and cost gives rise to non-linear responses in vaccine uptake. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study that used pretested closed-ended questionnaire that was distributed to the respondents. The sample size of 375 was adopted, which was calculated from the target population using the Cochrane formula for sample size calculation. Parents/guardians that strongly believe politicians should be role models that encourage vaccination were 61.87%, while 50.67% of mothers/caregivers were not sure if there is still a link between MMR vaccination and autism. The majority of parents/guardians (55.47% + 29.87%) strongly agree plus agree that media reports on vaccination programmes encourage them to vaccinate their children. 32.80% strongly agree, and 22.40% agree that the media exaggerates reports about disease outbreaks. Conclusion: The level of education plays an important role in the level of knowledge and attitude towards epidemics and vaccination. Income and Cost of vaccines affect vaccination uptake because of the present economic situation in Nigeria. Media plays a key role in vaccination campaigns, awareness, and intervention and should be promoted more to achieve the goal of ensuring all children are vaccinated properly. Doctors and Public Health Nurses have a major role to play in terms of influencing parents/guardian's vaccination uptake.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2022

Outbreaks of diseases have positive and negative effects on humans. An example of the positive ep... more Outbreaks of diseases have positive and negative effects on humans. An example of the positive epidemic dilemma was seen in the 2020 lockdown across the world where families spent quality time together and couples seeking for the fruit of the womb conceived after many years, working from home was introduced, Lagosians working from home reduced stress from traffic, remote jobs were increased, online zoom, Webex webinars, online surveys, seminars, conference, Viva Voca, graduation and growth for online business and banking. Apps were available for the masses to access health online, known as Telemedicine. While the negative epidemics dilemma includes loss of jobs, slow down in economy across the world, poverty, drug abuse, self-medication, Anti-microbial resistance, child abuse, rape, divorce, shadow pandemic, death, and no access to education for those that do not have internet facilities to learn/study/school online. Vaccine's hesitancy is an established dilemma that contributes to significant health challenges which cause a high rate of infant sickness and death. There are certain factors like cultural, social, demographic, and psychosocial factors that contribute to the vaccine dilemma. This conceptual framework illustrates the factors that drive epidemics and vaccine dilemma, which can be vaccination acceptance and hesitancy. For an intervention to be implemented successfully, we need to understand the triggers of epidemics and vaccination dilemma. The sociodemographic characteristics like age, sex, marital status, level of education, choice of hospital, employment status, level of income, health insurance status and the number of children is significantly associated with vaccine uptake among parents.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2021

Self-medication with antibiotics is a threat to global health and becoming increasingly common du... more Self-medication with antibiotics is a threat to global health and becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, and use of selfmedication with antibiotics among outpatients of Gbagada General Hospital Gbagada-Lagos, Nigeria. The objective of this research was to access the attitudes, knowledge and use among the Patients that use Self-medication with antibiotics. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A pretest of a closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, corrections were made, and data was collected in February 2021. 402 Outpatients of the Gbagada General Hospital Gbagada city area of Lagos was recruited for the study in the aforementioned time period through multi-stage probability sampling. Thirty-three percent of respondents said antibiotics could cure all infections. Forty-eight percent of respondents said antibiotics might be effective even if they don't complete their dosage. 94.78% of our respondents have taken antibiotics, and 71.89% have selfmedicated with antibiotics. Forty-eight percent of respondents said antibiotics might be effective even if they don't complete their dosage, Not completing the dosage (49.25%), Using antibiotics repeatedly (43.28%), and Selfmedication (34.08%). The percentage of the respondent that have taken antibiotics once and twice between March 2020 and February 2021, which was during the COVID-19 First and second wave in Nigeria, were (36.07%) and (25.87%) respectively. We recommend the use of media to discourage the masses from self-medication with antibiotics.

Texila International Journal of Public Health , 2021

Divorce is a legal separation of husband and wife, leaving each other free to remarry. It is also... more Divorce is a legal separation of husband and wife, leaving each other free to remarry. It is also to break off a marriage legally. Marriage is a state of being legally joined as husband and wife. A family's social support is one of the major ways that family positively impacts health. Marriage is associated with physical health, psychological well-being, and low mortality. Marriage in particular has been studied in the way it affects health. Marriage is thought to protect well-being by providing companionship, emotional support, and economic security. It was also revealed that divorce has psychological and emotional effects on women. This article review discovered that divorced women and children experience more social isolation, which makes them end up producing greater feelings of loneliness, unhappiness, and lower self-esteem. Some psychological and emotional effects of divorce on women which include factors like; low appetite, reduced physical energy and strength, chest pain, severe pressure in chest difficulty in hearing, eye pain, digestive problem, lower abdomen pain, back pain headache, sleeping disturbance, worthless, suicidal attempt, decreased level of confidence, shocked, feeling of shame, feeling of sorrow in her heart, worried, anxious, irritated towards her life, suppressed problem, feeling bad, upset, feeling of miserable life, among other things as the major emotional and psychological effects of divorce on women.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2019

Background. The role of health cost in vaccination programmes cannot be overemphasized: it has co... more Background. The role of health cost in vaccination programmes cannot be overemphasized: it has contributed significantly to creating and sustaining demand for vaccination services and improving vaccination coverage. In Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), numerous cost approaches have been deployed but these interventions are not without challenges. We therefore aimed to compare the CDC cost of vaccine according to brand name and find out which manufacturer produces the most expensive and the cheapest vaccine. Methods. We used a quantitative approach and conducted a comparative study using the 5 manufacturers published on CDC website: Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Grifols and their vaccine brand names respectively. We identified cost of each vaccine for children program for September 2019 form CDC website. We also reviewed relevant documents. Secondary Data generated were analyzed manually because the data was small. Results. The CDC cost for all the vaccine for children program are cheaper than the private sector cost.

Anyichie - Odis Adaora Isabella*, 2014

This study determines the level of knowledge of farmers on contamination mechanisms by pesticides... more This study determines the level of knowledge of farmers on contamination mechanisms by pesticides, health problems associated with, related to pesticides exposure, to describe the practices and patterns of use of pesticides by small scale farmers in Ikorodu LGA and to find out if farmers need training on safety and use of pesticides.
The technique of Multi stage sampling was used to obtain data for this study in Ikorodu, LGA. The Ikorodu LGA is divided geographically into five Local Council Development Area (LCDA) namely Ikorodu West, Ikorodu North, Igbogbo, Ijede and Imota. Majority of farmers (82.6%) were not aware that there are banned pesticides in Nigeria. Almost all the farmers (99.0%) knew about Personal Protective Equipment. Majority of farmers (96.5%) knew what ways one can be contaminated with pesticides. About 80% of farmers indicated that there were health problems associated with pesticide exposure.
Almost all farmers checked expiry date, read the recommended dosage on the container, follow the instruction of the agro dealer and the label safety advice in the container. All farmers store pesticides in a good place, keep pesticides away from children, animal and food stuff. Almost all the farmers wash their hands after spraying pesticides which is a very good practice. Majority of farmers (94.2%) used PPE. Males were more educated than females and had better knowledge of pesticides than Females.
Key words: Pesticide use, Farmers knowledge

Direct Research Journal of Health and Pharmacology, 2024

Self-medication with malaria drugs is becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The a... more Self-medication with malaria drugs is becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudinal dispositions, on respondents on the use of self-medication with malaria drugs in Nigeria. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected with kobotoolbox Forms. A total of 399 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 43.52 years (± 10.90) years. Majority of the respondents were young adults between the age ranges of 34-44 years. Coartem (68.7%) was most used by the study respondents. Doctor's and Pharmacist's prescription for the respondents were 50.9% and 54.40%, respectively. 96.2% of the respondents complied with the duration of the use of the malaria drug, 68.90% reported that they had no side effects and 34.8% stated that the malaria drug was effective to resolving their illness. The respondents indicated that 25.30% and 21.10% have taken malaria drugs once and twice, respectively, between September 2022 and August 2023. Convenience (58.60%), Cost saving (23.60%), Long delays in hospital (23.10%), and attitude of hospital staff (6.3%) were mostly the reasons why the study respondents were involved in self-medicating with malaria drugs. 96.2% of respondents said they completely understood the instructions for the malaria medications they used to self-medicate. More than half of the respondents (53.9%) sometimes sleep under the mosquito net, 32.6% has never sleep under mosquito net, and this is not a good public health practice given that malaria is a deadly disease. WHO recommends that the public should sleep under insecticide treated mosquito nets, especially pregnant women and children.We recommend in this study that the use of media to discourage the masses from self-medication with malaria drugs.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2023

Malaria vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the Africa's challenge of death amon... more Malaria vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the Africa's challenge of death amongst children under 5. As malaria vaccines are yet to be distributed in Nigeria, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the malaria vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was set up using kobotoolbox forms and data were collected online. Data collected were analyzed using GNU PSPP. A total of 399 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 43.52 years (± 10.90). The majority of the respondents were young adults. The majority of our respondents (72.9%) have heard of the malaria vaccine while the majority said they would take the malaria vaccine if available (85.2%). The major source of information on the malaria vaccine was the internet (55.4%), health workers (51.9%), and media (Radio/Television/Posters/Billboards/Pamphlets) (44.9%). Malaria vaccination uptake had a significant positive association with the level of education and level of monthly income (p < 0.05 respectively). Lack of availability, information, knowledge, awareness, cost of a malaria vaccine, the long distance to get to vaccination centers were the leading barriers to vaccine uptake. This calls for key stakeholders to ensure that malaria vaccination sensitization is championed immediately in Nigeria and discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the infodemic associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and thereby increase malaria vaccination uptake in Nigeria.

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly... more COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly infectious disease. However, the coverage rate is an essential factor that decides successful vaccination. As vaccines are being distributed around the world, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them despite the availability of the vaccine. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between February and April 2022 using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was set up using Google Forms and data were collected via online method. Relevant data collected were analyzed using STATA version 14. A total of 378 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 32 years (± 8.50) years. Majority of the respondents are young adults between the age range of 25-35 years. 74.9% of the respondents are Christians. All the respondents ...

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2023

COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly... more COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a major effort to curb the global challenge of this highly infectious disease. However, the coverage rate is an essential factor that decides successful vaccination. As vaccines are being distributed around the world, there is a debate on their acceptability, accessibility, and barriers to receiving them despite the availability of the vaccine. This study was conducted to assess the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination, and its determinants among internet users in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted between February and April 2022 using a semistructured questionnaire. It was set up using Google Forms and data were collected via online method. Relevant data collected were analyzed using STATA version 14. A total of 378 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 32 years (± 8.50) years. Majority of the respondents are young adults between the age range of 25-35 years. 74.9% of the respondents are Christians. All the respondents have heard of the COVID-19 vaccine while about one-third of them had taken the COVID-19 vaccine (62.2%). The uptake of the vaccine had a significant positive association with the level of education and level of monthly income (p =0.004 and 0.002 respectively) aORs =0.386, 95% (CI=0.184-0.810). Two out of three Nigerian respondents had taken the coronavirus vaccine. However, the long distance to get to vaccination centers was the leading barrier to vaccine uptake. Hence, this calls for key stakeholders to ensure that COVID-19 vaccination centers are close to residents in Nigeria and for leaders at all levels to be involved in public education based on sound evidence and the discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the negative associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and thereby increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Nigeria.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2023

Vaccination is very important to improve population health throughout lifebut despite strong evid... more Vaccination is very important to improve population health throughout lifebut despite strong evidence, it is misunderstood and undervalued. Catch-up vaccination aims to provide optimal protection against disease as quickly as possible by completing a person's recommended vaccination schedule in the shortest but most effective time frame. This descriptive cross-sectional implementation Research was designed to solve problems for Covid-19 recoveries for routine immunization program in private Nursery and primary school in Kosofe Local Government Area Lagos (School-based intervention). The sample size of 135 was adopted with purposive sampling method from the target population. All data were coded, entered, cleaned, and then analyzed using the IBM PSPP. Children that missed vaccination were tracked out more (90) and vaccinated, demand generation with the help of vaccine demand pooling in school for secondary vaccines, the awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases were created more at different schools Parents Teachers Association's meetings. Implementation Research is one of the measures and a component in the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA 2030) designed to achieve the Life course immunization. Creating awareness and sensitization is very important in schools, especially using the power of storytelling for positive change in vaccination uptake. There are parents who can afford to pay for secondary vaccines but don't have the information and there are parents who have the information but can't afford to pay for secondary vaccines due to economic hardship in Nigeria. We recommend that vaccine demand pooling in schools is championed to enable parents to afford secondary vaccines for their children.

Texila International Journal of Academic Research, 2022

Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the foremost important preventive measures of modern times; epi... more Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the foremost important preventive measures of modern times; epidemics are feared as one of the most damaging phenomena in human societies. Aim: The thesis unveiled how the interplay between the probability of infection, vaccine effectiveness, and cost gives rise to non-linear responses in vaccine uptake. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study that used pretested closed-ended questionnaire that was distributed to the respondents. The sample size of 375 was adopted, which was calculated from the target population using the Cochrane formula for sample size calculation. Parents/guardians that strongly believe politicians should be role models that encourage vaccination were 61.87%, while 50.67% of mothers/caregivers were not sure if there is still a link between MMR vaccination and autism. The majority of parents/guardians (55.47% + 29.87%) strongly agree plus agree that media reports on vaccination programmes encourage them to vaccinate their children. 32.80% strongly agree, and 22.40% agree that the media exaggerates reports about disease outbreaks. Conclusion: The level of education plays an important role in the level of knowledge and attitude towards epidemics and vaccination. Income and Cost of vaccines affect vaccination uptake because of the present economic situation in Nigeria. Media plays a key role in vaccination campaigns, awareness, and intervention and should be promoted more to achieve the goal of ensuring all children are vaccinated properly. Doctors and Public Health Nurses have a major role to play in terms of influencing parents/guardian's vaccination uptake.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2022

Outbreaks of diseases have positive and negative effects on humans. An example of the positive ep... more Outbreaks of diseases have positive and negative effects on humans. An example of the positive epidemic dilemma was seen in the 2020 lockdown across the world where families spent quality time together and couples seeking for the fruit of the womb conceived after many years, working from home was introduced, Lagosians working from home reduced stress from traffic, remote jobs were increased, online zoom, Webex webinars, online surveys, seminars, conference, Viva Voca, graduation and growth for online business and banking. Apps were available for the masses to access health online, known as Telemedicine. While the negative epidemics dilemma includes loss of jobs, slow down in economy across the world, poverty, drug abuse, self-medication, Anti-microbial resistance, child abuse, rape, divorce, shadow pandemic, death, and no access to education for those that do not have internet facilities to learn/study/school online. Vaccine's hesitancy is an established dilemma that contributes to significant health challenges which cause a high rate of infant sickness and death. There are certain factors like cultural, social, demographic, and psychosocial factors that contribute to the vaccine dilemma. This conceptual framework illustrates the factors that drive epidemics and vaccine dilemma, which can be vaccination acceptance and hesitancy. For an intervention to be implemented successfully, we need to understand the triggers of epidemics and vaccination dilemma. The sociodemographic characteristics like age, sex, marital status, level of education, choice of hospital, employment status, level of income, health insurance status and the number of children is significantly associated with vaccine uptake among parents.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2021

Self-medication with antibiotics is a threat to global health and becoming increasingly common du... more Self-medication with antibiotics is a threat to global health and becoming increasingly common due to multiple factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, and use of selfmedication with antibiotics among outpatients of Gbagada General Hospital Gbagada-Lagos, Nigeria. The objective of this research was to access the attitudes, knowledge and use among the Patients that use Self-medication with antibiotics. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A pretest of a closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, corrections were made, and data was collected in February 2021. 402 Outpatients of the Gbagada General Hospital Gbagada city area of Lagos was recruited for the study in the aforementioned time period through multi-stage probability sampling. Thirty-three percent of respondents said antibiotics could cure all infections. Forty-eight percent of respondents said antibiotics might be effective even if they don't complete their dosage. 94.78% of our respondents have taken antibiotics, and 71.89% have selfmedicated with antibiotics. Forty-eight percent of respondents said antibiotics might be effective even if they don't complete their dosage, Not completing the dosage (49.25%), Using antibiotics repeatedly (43.28%), and Selfmedication (34.08%). The percentage of the respondent that have taken antibiotics once and twice between March 2020 and February 2021, which was during the COVID-19 First and second wave in Nigeria, were (36.07%) and (25.87%) respectively. We recommend the use of media to discourage the masses from self-medication with antibiotics.

Texila International Journal of Public Health , 2021

Divorce is a legal separation of husband and wife, leaving each other free to remarry. It is also... more Divorce is a legal separation of husband and wife, leaving each other free to remarry. It is also to break off a marriage legally. Marriage is a state of being legally joined as husband and wife. A family's social support is one of the major ways that family positively impacts health. Marriage is associated with physical health, psychological well-being, and low mortality. Marriage in particular has been studied in the way it affects health. Marriage is thought to protect well-being by providing companionship, emotional support, and economic security. It was also revealed that divorce has psychological and emotional effects on women. This article review discovered that divorced women and children experience more social isolation, which makes them end up producing greater feelings of loneliness, unhappiness, and lower self-esteem. Some psychological and emotional effects of divorce on women which include factors like; low appetite, reduced physical energy and strength, chest pain, severe pressure in chest difficulty in hearing, eye pain, digestive problem, lower abdomen pain, back pain headache, sleeping disturbance, worthless, suicidal attempt, decreased level of confidence, shocked, feeling of shame, feeling of sorrow in her heart, worried, anxious, irritated towards her life, suppressed problem, feeling bad, upset, feeling of miserable life, among other things as the major emotional and psychological effects of divorce on women.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2019

Background. The role of health cost in vaccination programmes cannot be overemphasized: it has co... more Background. The role of health cost in vaccination programmes cannot be overemphasized: it has contributed significantly to creating and sustaining demand for vaccination services and improving vaccination coverage. In Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), numerous cost approaches have been deployed but these interventions are not without challenges. We therefore aimed to compare the CDC cost of vaccine according to brand name and find out which manufacturer produces the most expensive and the cheapest vaccine. Methods. We used a quantitative approach and conducted a comparative study using the 5 manufacturers published on CDC website: Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Grifols and their vaccine brand names respectively. We identified cost of each vaccine for children program for September 2019 form CDC website. We also reviewed relevant documents. Secondary Data generated were analyzed manually because the data was small. Results. The CDC cost for all the vaccine for children program are cheaper than the private sector cost.

Anyichie - Odis Adaora Isabella*, 2014

This study determines the level of knowledge of farmers on contamination mechanisms by pesticides... more This study determines the level of knowledge of farmers on contamination mechanisms by pesticides, health problems associated with, related to pesticides exposure, to describe the practices and patterns of use of pesticides by small scale farmers in Ikorodu LGA and to find out if farmers need training on safety and use of pesticides.
The technique of Multi stage sampling was used to obtain data for this study in Ikorodu, LGA. The Ikorodu LGA is divided geographically into five Local Council Development Area (LCDA) namely Ikorodu West, Ikorodu North, Igbogbo, Ijede and Imota. Majority of farmers (82.6%) were not aware that there are banned pesticides in Nigeria. Almost all the farmers (99.0%) knew about Personal Protective Equipment. Majority of farmers (96.5%) knew what ways one can be contaminated with pesticides. About 80% of farmers indicated that there were health problems associated with pesticide exposure.
Almost all farmers checked expiry date, read the recommended dosage on the container, follow the instruction of the agro dealer and the label safety advice in the container. All farmers store pesticides in a good place, keep pesticides away from children, animal and food stuff. Almost all the farmers wash their hands after spraying pesticides which is a very good practice. Majority of farmers (94.2%) used PPE. Males were more educated than females and had better knowledge of pesticides than Females.
Key words: Pesticide use, Farmers knowledge