Raghunath Misra | West Bengal University of Health Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Raghunath Misra

Similar to progression in automotive technology from carburetted engines to multi point fuel inje... more Similar to progression in automotive technology from carburetted engines to multi point fuel injection technologies, to save fuel over the diesel traction, a Common Rail Electronic Direct Injection (CReDI) fuel injection system for railroad application has been developed for ALCO engines at Research Designs and Standard Organization, Indian Railways (IR), Lucknow. CReDI system offers flexibility of modulating fuel injection pressures coupled with dynamic start of injection at each power setting, designated as locomotive engine notch. This flexibility in the system is independent of engine rpm and its values decided after detailed fuel mapping on an engine test bed. Injector geometry for CReDI is selected through simulation, experimentation and verification studies for spray angle and sauter mean diameter of the fuel droplet, so as to enhance combustion efficiency. CReDI wet components comprising of injectors, high pressure pumps, common rails etc. are mounted on the engine itself an...

Journal of comprehensive health, Dec 31, 2021

Journal of comprehensive health, Oct 24, 2020

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2004

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2006

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2020

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Dec 1, 2014

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2001

An unabated growth of street dwellers in the city of Calcutta is reported to be due to twin reaso... more An unabated growth of street dwellers in the city of Calcutta is reported to be due to twin reasons like, migration of rural poor people as well as uncontrolled fertility among these poor settlers of the city. A community-based study on reproductive health, fertility and related care seeking behaviour was studied among a sample of women of child bearing age living on streets of Calcutta. Besides, the quite common conditions like leucorrhoea (28.5%), menstrual irregularities (12.3%), infertility (2.5%) and STDs (1.3%) were also reported. But most of these illnesses (three-fourth) were uncared for, and the remaining one-fourth sought treatment from govemment institutions, private agencies or even from untrained practitioners (quacks). The reproductive behaviour of street dwelling women was characterised by early marriage, teenage pregnancies, and scarce use of contraceptives (32%) as well as frequent abortions (2.8%). Very few pregnant women received adequate antenatal care (3.8%). Co...

Objectives: 1. To collect some basic information about reproductive health from the unmarried ado... more Objectives: 1. To collect some basic information about reproductive health from the unmarried adolescent girls. 2. To make them aware about reproductive health care. Study design Cross-sectional. Setting: Slums of Howrah Municipal Corporation. Participants: Unmarried girls in the adolescent age group. Sample size: 156. Study variable: Socio-economic status Personal hygiene during menstruation Knowledge on family planning methods Care seeking behaviour. Statistical Analysis: Chi-Square test. Results: 93% of the study population experienced menarche at the time of study 8.75% of lower age group did not know the use of clean cloth or any cloth during menstruation. Older girls use sanitary napkins more than younger one. Significant number knew the marriageable age. 37.92% did not know how long after marriage they should have children. 36.71% had no idea on spacing. 41.67% like bilateral decision regarding child bearing. 57.69% favour two child family norms. 78.51% favoured hospital doctors for abortion. 46.79% did not favour family planning methods. 32.05% get knowledge of reproductive health from television. (authors)

Indian Journal of Public Health, 2013

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is crucial in averting maternal morbidity an... more Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is crucial in averting maternal morbidity and mortality. To find out awareness and practices regarding BPCR among pregnant and recently delivered women in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. This is a cross-sectional, community-based, mixed methods study. Two-stage, 40 cluster sampling technique was used to select three pregnant and six recently delivered women separately. Information on socio-demographic variables as well as awareness and practices regarding BPCR were collected through semi-structured interview. In-depth interviews with one respondent per cluster were also conducted. For statistical analysis Z test was used. Around 50% of the respondents planned for first antenatal check-up (ANC) within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs and institutional delivery. Proportion of women aware of at least one key danger sign each of pregnancy, labor, postpartum, and newborn ranged from 12.1% to 37.2%, whereas 58.3% knew at least one key component of essential newborn care. Around two-thirds and one-third of women, respectively, especially those from backward and below poverty line (BPL) families knew about cash incentive and referral transport schemes. Proportions of women with first ANC within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs, institutional delivery, saving money, identifying transport, and blood donor were 50.4%, 33.6%, 46.2%, 40.8%, 27.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Hindu religion, backward castes, BPL status, and education ≥ 5 years influenced the practices except for two regarding ANC. Overall BPCR index of the study population was 34.5. Preparedness in health system, ensuring competence, and motivation of workers are needed for promoting BPCR among the study population.

African Journal of Psychiatry, 2010

International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2020

Background Previous attempts of Mental Health Systems Assessment in India were restricted in scop... more Background Previous attempts of Mental Health Systems Assessment in India were restricted in scope and scale. Information on all aspects of mental health systems (leadership/governance, legislation, financing, service delivery, workforce, access to essential medicines, information systems, intersectoral activities, and monitoring and evaluation) was scarcely available. The National Mental Health Survey-Mental Health Systems Assessment (NMHS-MHSA), a unique endeavor, assessed the performance of mental health systems and services through health systems assessment framework. The present paper discusses the design and methodology adopted under NMHS-MHSA along with emphasizing its implication for India and other LMICs. Methods NMHS-MHSA was undertaken in 12 Indian states by contextually adapting WHO-AIMS instrument. Data was collated from several secondary sources including interviews of key stakeholders. Utilizing the data a set of 15-quantitative, 5-morbidity and 10-qualitative indicat...

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)

BACKGROUND: Janitors and housekeeping staff are an integral part of our health-care system and ar... more BACKGROUND: Janitors and housekeeping staff are an integral part of our health-care system and are also in the frontline to fight this pandemic. COVID-19 infection is a new disease which currently has no specific treatment and vaccine, but this disease is preventable if there is a high level of awareness. This is especially important for housekeepers as they are unable to get adequate protection unlike doctors and nurses. They also receive less importance and appreciation than other frontline workers. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital on COVID-19 and to find out the factors associated with KAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was carried out among 214 janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Each response was scored, and subjects having a total score above the median score of KAP scores were said to have adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was done to check the association between KAP of the study population with their sociodemographic profile. RESULTS: About 53.3% of the study population had adequate knowledge, 56.1% had positive attitude, while 62.6% had satisfactory practice (≥median score). Age, posting in medicine & allied departments and surgery and allied departments were found to have statistically significant odds of inadequate knowledge. Odds of having negative attitude was found to be statistically significant in those working as security and kitchen staff and residing within the institution premises. Odds of having unsatisfactory practice was found to be statistically significant in the age group of 34 years and above and those following Islam religion. CONCLUSION: The janitors and housekeeping staff had adequate knowledge on COVID-19, and their attitude was mainly positive with satisfactory practice. However, the proportion of adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice could have been higher. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to increase, greater efforts through campaigns that target frontline workers and the wider population are urgently needed.

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)

Background: Fever clinics were established across the country for screening of patients suggestiv... more Background: Fever clinics were established across the country for screening of patients suggestive of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The doctors posted in these clinics were provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) for their protection. Improper use of these equipment may result in infection. Objectives: The objective is to assess the awareness of doctors posted at fever clinic regarding donning and doffing of PPE. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from May to June 2020 on doctors posted at the fever clinic of Sambhunath Pandit Hospital, Kolkata by census method using a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire (Google form). Statistical analysis was done with the help of appropriate statistical software. Results: None of the doctors working in the fever clinic had adequate knowledge regarding steps of donning and doffing of PPE while 77.4% doctors did not know the correct steps of maintaining hand hygiene. Still the percentage of participants with satisfactory knowledge and satisfactory attitude regarding PPE was 84.9% and 62.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a need for active training of the study population in order to effectively protect them from COVID-19.

PLOS ONE

Introduction Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Govern... more Introduction Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Government of India to become a strategic purchaser of health care services from private providers. To generate base cost evidence for evidence-based policymaking the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study was commissioned in 2018 for the price setting of health benefit packages. This paper reports the findings of a process evaluation of the cost data collection in the private hospitals. Methods The process evaluation of health system costing in private hospitals was an exploratory survey with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). We used three approaches–an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and a review of monitoring data. The process of data collection was assessed in terms of time taken for different aspects, resources used, level and nature of difficulty encountered, challenges and solutions. Results The mean time taken for data col...

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Background: In 2018, the Government of India launched Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogy... more Background: In 2018, the Government of India launched Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB - PMJAY), a large tax-funded health insurance scheme. Provider payment rates for the AB-PMJAY health benefit packages (HBPs) were determined through consultative process and review of existing publicly financed health insurance (PFHI) schemes. In this paper, we present findings of the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study and the process of price revision in 2019. Methods: Reference costs were generated from first phase of CHSI study which sampled 11 tertiary public hospitals from 11 Indian states. Economic costs were estimated using mixed (top-down & bottom-up) micro-costing methods. Based on stakeholder consultations, the cost of HBPs were analysed with different combinations of fixed and variable costs. The HBP cost was compared with AB-PMJAY prices of 2018 and 2019 and the budgetary impact was estimated. Finding: Only 13% of the HBPs in 2018, were close to (± 10%) to the actual cost of providing care. More than one-third (42%) of the HBPs had price less than 50% of the cost. After revision of prices in 2019, the latter decreased to 20%. The evidence-informed revision of HBP prices is estimated to increase claims amount by 200 million (0·7%). Interpretation: Strategic purchasing and price-setting of HBPs require creation of systems of evidence generation on the cost of providing services. Further, research is recommended to develop a cost-function for unit cost estimation with changes in time, region, prices, skill-mix and other factors. Funding Department of Health Research. Funding Statement: The study is funded by Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The present study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) vide letter no. PGI/IEC/2018/00125A and Institutional Collaborative Committee (ICC) vide letter no. 79/30-Edu-13/111273 of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.

International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2017

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2017

Introduction: Injuries are not random events – they have identifiable precipitating factors, and ... more Introduction: Injuries are not random events – they have identifiable precipitating factors, and are therefore among public health's winnable battles. Substantial data-based study can help identify measures to prevent the occurrence of physical injury. Our objective was to find out the injury profile of patients attending a tertiary care hospital and assess their perception toward preventability of the event in light of their causation. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending selected Outpatient and Inpatient Departments of Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, from February to March 2014. 216 patients who had suffered any form of physical injury and admitted/attending the selected departments were included in the study by complete enumeration method, after exclusion of unwilling and severely moribund patients. Pearson's Chi-square test was performed using Epi Info software version 3.2. Results: Highe...

SUMMARY AIM: A safe injection does no harm; but unsafe injection practices are a plague of many h... more SUMMARY AIM: A safe injection does no harm; but unsafe injection practices are a plague of many health systems. The most affected category of health care providers are the nursing personnel. METHOD: This hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted among 80 nurses involved in patient care to assess their knowledge regarding safe injection practices and to assess certain aspects of their practice while administering injection and disposal of the disposables. RESULTS: About 52.5% subjects were protected by hepatitis B vaccination. During the last 6 months, 6.3% nurses got accidental needle stick injury three or more times. About 12.5% study subjects washed their hands with soap and water before administering injection. About 60% of the nursing personnel maintained correct procedure during giving injection; while sterile gloves were used only by 3.7% nurses. During disposal of used needles, in 57.5% cases hub cutters were used, while needles were recapped in 42.5% o...

The Journal of communicable diseases, 2015

Background: HIV/AIDS is a chronic debilitating disease which has engulfed a significant number of... more Background: HIV/AIDS is a chronic debilitating disease which has engulfed a significant number of people. 10% of the total People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) of the country live in the state of West Bengal. Objective: To study the different socio-demographic characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Methodology: It was an observational study with cross-sectional design conducted from July 2010 – June 2011 among 558 subjects in the ART Centre of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. HIV/AIDS patients who were 15 years of age or more, and had been on ART in this ART Centre till the end of June, 2010 were interviewed with a semi-structured schedule. Result: 63.1% patients were male. Number of male and female patients varied significantly according to age and literacy status in this study. Age group and educational status were significantly associated with sex. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS has been transmitted among the people of different socio-demographic ba...

Similar to progression in automotive technology from carburetted engines to multi point fuel inje... more Similar to progression in automotive technology from carburetted engines to multi point fuel injection technologies, to save fuel over the diesel traction, a Common Rail Electronic Direct Injection (CReDI) fuel injection system for railroad application has been developed for ALCO engines at Research Designs and Standard Organization, Indian Railways (IR), Lucknow. CReDI system offers flexibility of modulating fuel injection pressures coupled with dynamic start of injection at each power setting, designated as locomotive engine notch. This flexibility in the system is independent of engine rpm and its values decided after detailed fuel mapping on an engine test bed. Injector geometry for CReDI is selected through simulation, experimentation and verification studies for spray angle and sauter mean diameter of the fuel droplet, so as to enhance combustion efficiency. CReDI wet components comprising of injectors, high pressure pumps, common rails etc. are mounted on the engine itself an...

Journal of comprehensive health, Dec 31, 2021

Journal of comprehensive health, Oct 24, 2020

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2004

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2006

The Journal of Community Health Management, 2020

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Dec 1, 2014

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2001

An unabated growth of street dwellers in the city of Calcutta is reported to be due to twin reaso... more An unabated growth of street dwellers in the city of Calcutta is reported to be due to twin reasons like, migration of rural poor people as well as uncontrolled fertility among these poor settlers of the city. A community-based study on reproductive health, fertility and related care seeking behaviour was studied among a sample of women of child bearing age living on streets of Calcutta. Besides, the quite common conditions like leucorrhoea (28.5%), menstrual irregularities (12.3%), infertility (2.5%) and STDs (1.3%) were also reported. But most of these illnesses (three-fourth) were uncared for, and the remaining one-fourth sought treatment from govemment institutions, private agencies or even from untrained practitioners (quacks). The reproductive behaviour of street dwelling women was characterised by early marriage, teenage pregnancies, and scarce use of contraceptives (32%) as well as frequent abortions (2.8%). Very few pregnant women received adequate antenatal care (3.8%). Co...

Objectives: 1. To collect some basic information about reproductive health from the unmarried ado... more Objectives: 1. To collect some basic information about reproductive health from the unmarried adolescent girls. 2. To make them aware about reproductive health care. Study design Cross-sectional. Setting: Slums of Howrah Municipal Corporation. Participants: Unmarried girls in the adolescent age group. Sample size: 156. Study variable: Socio-economic status Personal hygiene during menstruation Knowledge on family planning methods Care seeking behaviour. Statistical Analysis: Chi-Square test. Results: 93% of the study population experienced menarche at the time of study 8.75% of lower age group did not know the use of clean cloth or any cloth during menstruation. Older girls use sanitary napkins more than younger one. Significant number knew the marriageable age. 37.92% did not know how long after marriage they should have children. 36.71% had no idea on spacing. 41.67% like bilateral decision regarding child bearing. 57.69% favour two child family norms. 78.51% favoured hospital doctors for abortion. 46.79% did not favour family planning methods. 32.05% get knowledge of reproductive health from television. (authors)

Indian Journal of Public Health, 2013

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is crucial in averting maternal morbidity an... more Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is crucial in averting maternal morbidity and mortality. To find out awareness and practices regarding BPCR among pregnant and recently delivered women in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. This is a cross-sectional, community-based, mixed methods study. Two-stage, 40 cluster sampling technique was used to select three pregnant and six recently delivered women separately. Information on socio-demographic variables as well as awareness and practices regarding BPCR were collected through semi-structured interview. In-depth interviews with one respondent per cluster were also conducted. For statistical analysis Z test was used. Around 50% of the respondents planned for first antenatal check-up (ANC) within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs and institutional delivery. Proportion of women aware of at least one key danger sign each of pregnancy, labor, postpartum, and newborn ranged from 12.1% to 37.2%, whereas 58.3% knew at least one key component of essential newborn care. Around two-thirds and one-third of women, respectively, especially those from backward and below poverty line (BPL) families knew about cash incentive and referral transport schemes. Proportions of women with first ANC within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs, institutional delivery, saving money, identifying transport, and blood donor were 50.4%, 33.6%, 46.2%, 40.8%, 27.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Hindu religion, backward castes, BPL status, and education ≥ 5 years influenced the practices except for two regarding ANC. Overall BPCR index of the study population was 34.5. Preparedness in health system, ensuring competence, and motivation of workers are needed for promoting BPCR among the study population.

African Journal of Psychiatry, 2010

International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2020

Background Previous attempts of Mental Health Systems Assessment in India were restricted in scop... more Background Previous attempts of Mental Health Systems Assessment in India were restricted in scope and scale. Information on all aspects of mental health systems (leadership/governance, legislation, financing, service delivery, workforce, access to essential medicines, information systems, intersectoral activities, and monitoring and evaluation) was scarcely available. The National Mental Health Survey-Mental Health Systems Assessment (NMHS-MHSA), a unique endeavor, assessed the performance of mental health systems and services through health systems assessment framework. The present paper discusses the design and methodology adopted under NMHS-MHSA along with emphasizing its implication for India and other LMICs. Methods NMHS-MHSA was undertaken in 12 Indian states by contextually adapting WHO-AIMS instrument. Data was collated from several secondary sources including interviews of key stakeholders. Utilizing the data a set of 15-quantitative, 5-morbidity and 10-qualitative indicat...

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)

BACKGROUND: Janitors and housekeeping staff are an integral part of our health-care system and ar... more BACKGROUND: Janitors and housekeeping staff are an integral part of our health-care system and are also in the frontline to fight this pandemic. COVID-19 infection is a new disease which currently has no specific treatment and vaccine, but this disease is preventable if there is a high level of awareness. This is especially important for housekeepers as they are unable to get adequate protection unlike doctors and nurses. They also receive less importance and appreciation than other frontline workers. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital on COVID-19 and to find out the factors associated with KAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was carried out among 214 janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Each response was scored, and subjects having a total score above the median score of KAP scores were said to have adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was done to check the association between KAP of the study population with their sociodemographic profile. RESULTS: About 53.3% of the study population had adequate knowledge, 56.1% had positive attitude, while 62.6% had satisfactory practice (≥median score). Age, posting in medicine & allied departments and surgery and allied departments were found to have statistically significant odds of inadequate knowledge. Odds of having negative attitude was found to be statistically significant in those working as security and kitchen staff and residing within the institution premises. Odds of having unsatisfactory practice was found to be statistically significant in the age group of 34 years and above and those following Islam religion. CONCLUSION: The janitors and housekeeping staff had adequate knowledge on COVID-19, and their attitude was mainly positive with satisfactory practice. However, the proportion of adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice could have been higher. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to increase, greater efforts through campaigns that target frontline workers and the wider population are urgently needed.

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)

Background: Fever clinics were established across the country for screening of patients suggestiv... more Background: Fever clinics were established across the country for screening of patients suggestive of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The doctors posted in these clinics were provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) for their protection. Improper use of these equipment may result in infection. Objectives: The objective is to assess the awareness of doctors posted at fever clinic regarding donning and doffing of PPE. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from May to June 2020 on doctors posted at the fever clinic of Sambhunath Pandit Hospital, Kolkata by census method using a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire (Google form). Statistical analysis was done with the help of appropriate statistical software. Results: None of the doctors working in the fever clinic had adequate knowledge regarding steps of donning and doffing of PPE while 77.4% doctors did not know the correct steps of maintaining hand hygiene. Still the percentage of participants with satisfactory knowledge and satisfactory attitude regarding PPE was 84.9% and 62.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a need for active training of the study population in order to effectively protect them from COVID-19.

PLOS ONE

Introduction Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Govern... more Introduction Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Government of India to become a strategic purchaser of health care services from private providers. To generate base cost evidence for evidence-based policymaking the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study was commissioned in 2018 for the price setting of health benefit packages. This paper reports the findings of a process evaluation of the cost data collection in the private hospitals. Methods The process evaluation of health system costing in private hospitals was an exploratory survey with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). We used three approaches–an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and a review of monitoring data. The process of data collection was assessed in terms of time taken for different aspects, resources used, level and nature of difficulty encountered, challenges and solutions. Results The mean time taken for data col...

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Background: In 2018, the Government of India launched Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogy... more Background: In 2018, the Government of India launched Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB - PMJAY), a large tax-funded health insurance scheme. Provider payment rates for the AB-PMJAY health benefit packages (HBPs) were determined through consultative process and review of existing publicly financed health insurance (PFHI) schemes. In this paper, we present findings of the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study and the process of price revision in 2019. Methods: Reference costs were generated from first phase of CHSI study which sampled 11 tertiary public hospitals from 11 Indian states. Economic costs were estimated using mixed (top-down & bottom-up) micro-costing methods. Based on stakeholder consultations, the cost of HBPs were analysed with different combinations of fixed and variable costs. The HBP cost was compared with AB-PMJAY prices of 2018 and 2019 and the budgetary impact was estimated. Finding: Only 13% of the HBPs in 2018, were close to (± 10%) to the actual cost of providing care. More than one-third (42%) of the HBPs had price less than 50% of the cost. After revision of prices in 2019, the latter decreased to 20%. The evidence-informed revision of HBP prices is estimated to increase claims amount by 200 million (0·7%). Interpretation: Strategic purchasing and price-setting of HBPs require creation of systems of evidence generation on the cost of providing services. Further, research is recommended to develop a cost-function for unit cost estimation with changes in time, region, prices, skill-mix and other factors. Funding Department of Health Research. Funding Statement: The study is funded by Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The present study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) vide letter no. PGI/IEC/2018/00125A and Institutional Collaborative Committee (ICC) vide letter no. 79/30-Edu-13/111273 of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.

International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2017

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2017

Introduction: Injuries are not random events – they have identifiable precipitating factors, and ... more Introduction: Injuries are not random events – they have identifiable precipitating factors, and are therefore among public health's winnable battles. Substantial data-based study can help identify measures to prevent the occurrence of physical injury. Our objective was to find out the injury profile of patients attending a tertiary care hospital and assess their perception toward preventability of the event in light of their causation. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending selected Outpatient and Inpatient Departments of Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, from February to March 2014. 216 patients who had suffered any form of physical injury and admitted/attending the selected departments were included in the study by complete enumeration method, after exclusion of unwilling and severely moribund patients. Pearson's Chi-square test was performed using Epi Info software version 3.2. Results: Highe...

SUMMARY AIM: A safe injection does no harm; but unsafe injection practices are a plague of many h... more SUMMARY AIM: A safe injection does no harm; but unsafe injection practices are a plague of many health systems. The most affected category of health care providers are the nursing personnel. METHOD: This hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted among 80 nurses involved in patient care to assess their knowledge regarding safe injection practices and to assess certain aspects of their practice while administering injection and disposal of the disposables. RESULTS: About 52.5% subjects were protected by hepatitis B vaccination. During the last 6 months, 6.3% nurses got accidental needle stick injury three or more times. About 12.5% study subjects washed their hands with soap and water before administering injection. About 60% of the nursing personnel maintained correct procedure during giving injection; while sterile gloves were used only by 3.7% nurses. During disposal of used needles, in 57.5% cases hub cutters were used, while needles were recapped in 42.5% o...

The Journal of communicable diseases, 2015

Background: HIV/AIDS is a chronic debilitating disease which has engulfed a significant number of... more Background: HIV/AIDS is a chronic debilitating disease which has engulfed a significant number of people. 10% of the total People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) of the country live in the state of West Bengal. Objective: To study the different socio-demographic characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Methodology: It was an observational study with cross-sectional design conducted from July 2010 – June 2011 among 558 subjects in the ART Centre of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. HIV/AIDS patients who were 15 years of age or more, and had been on ART in this ART Centre till the end of June, 2010 were interviewed with a semi-structured schedule. Result: 63.1% patients were male. Number of male and female patients varied significantly according to age and literacy status in this study. Age group and educational status were significantly associated with sex. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS has been transmitted among the people of different socio-demographic ba...