Maya Hassan | Tishreen University (original) (raw)

Papers by Maya Hassan

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

This chapter presents a simple step in the Zoom in method. It highlights and investigates the the... more This chapter presents a simple step in the Zoom in method. It highlights and investigates the thermal environment of two typical defensive stone heritage buildings, the citadel and tower in Arwad Island, that have been reused as museums. The heat and humidity harm the building materials and the exhibits and cause discomfort and visible damage, presented by the green stains and mold on the walls, especially on the ground floor. The study adopted data collections, analyzed a series of field measurements of the summer hygrothermal parameters, and interviewed local residents to identify the characteristics of the historical buildings and to complete an indoor thermal investigation. This chapter aims to study the current built environment and provides essential datasets of the microclimate factors of the built heritage as a potential risk for conservation, and to explore the appropriate control strategies to achieve climate management during the hot season and within the tight budgets of museums and historic buildings.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

Monitoring heritage buildings and sites is an essential part of preserving their architectural, a... more Monitoring heritage buildings and sites is an essential part of preserving their architectural, artistic, historic, and social values and developing possible techniques to save their structures and environments.

IntechOpen eBooks, Apr 6, 2023

This chapter summarizes the development of the global principles of historic building reuse and t... more This chapter summarizes the development of the global principles of historic building reuse and the theories of fundamental intervention, starting from the end of the eighteenth century down to the related principles' integration into comprehensive sustainable development agendas at the beginning of this century. The chapter raised some research questions and presented three historic churches from the Syrian coast that need reuse and activation. Then, it attempted to answer the questions through a literature review and a case study of international examples of the adaptive reuse of historic churches from America and Europe in an assortment of functions. The presented case studies focused on the abandoned historic churches' original structure and materials and incorporating them into the design for the new usage, era needs and techniques, where their conservation and adaptive reuse emphasize the aging of original surfaces, walls and other components as a form of respect for the place's memory in some cases, as well as using the creative design in other cases to provide the needs of the new functions. The chapter concluded with some guidelines and essential points to be considered in the process of historic building/church' adaptive reuse in Syria and worldwide.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

In response to the urgent need to address the new challenges facing conservation practices in the... more In response to the urgent need to address the new challenges facing conservation practices in the world, several integrated approaches and preservation studies worldwide in partnership with the community and other stakeholders could help in managing the cultural heritage. This chapter highlights some important steps, methods, and theories could be used in monitoring and management the built heritage. It started with the advanced leadership and enhancement visions of macrolevel management approaches that work hand by hand with the documenting, value, diagnosis, and problems identification, then the importance of using simulation programs as assessment tools. The common evaluation and assessment approaches and international standards for individual heritage structures and usages in term of thermal comfort concepts have been also summarized and presented. Special considerations need to be taken in suggesting the appropriate usage of individual historic buildings. Improvements considering the building envelope and value are helpful to adapt to the indoor environment for the occupants and to increase productivity during the operating time. Field measurements and survey, thermal comfort and PMV-PPD adaptive models, socioeconomic and cultural issues should also be considered. 2.1 Monitoring and Management Frameworks of Heritage Sites and Buildings Since late nineteenth century, the definition of heritage gradually changed from monuments to historic cities in the 1960s, to cultural landscapes recently, thus emphasizing the relationship between territory and man presence. Urban heritage protection dealing initially with the physical conservation of historic cities was extended in the 1980s into functional conservation, with the aim to counteract gentrification, and since 1990s, it is principally focusing on the protection of "place identity" of historic cities, often endangered by mass tourism and the transformation of heritage sites. In 2002, the Budapest Declaration switched the emphasis from the protection of the

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

The impact of climate change will result in catastrophic human consequences if action is not take... more The impact of climate change will result in catastrophic human consequences if action is not taken to address these concerns. Strategic urban planning can aid with the expected impacts of the climate changes moving forward. According to NASA reports, the formation of warm ocean currents will lead to accelerated melting of the Arctic ice resulting in sea-level rise. This, in turn, affects human populations in the coastal cities for many of the world’s regions for the past and current centuries. This chapter describes the reality of environmental research and standards in Syria and the current challenges.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

History is not just the significant past, it is evidence of a continuing commitment to tradition ... more History is not just the significant past, it is evidence of a continuing commitment to tradition in the physical signifies the importance of heritage, and it is a symbol of cultural resilience.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The princi... more This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The principles were shipped to the eastern world in the end of the nineteenth century by the western colonic influence.

Springer eBooks, 2020

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology `, 2016

يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارج... more يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارجية على حد سواء لا سيما أنه يربط عدة نقاط مختلفة من حيث التاريخ _ الطبيعة _ التنوع الوظيفي. يمثل المشروع خطوة في استراتيجية التنمية السياحية نحو صناعة سياحية مستدامة. المشروع إضافة نوعية للقطاع السياحي الاستثماري الترفيهي والفندقي في الإقليم الساحلي لترسيخ مكانته كمركز متنامي الأهمية على الخارطة السياحية السورية.

Climate Change and Conservation of Coastal Built Heritage, 2019

This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The princi... more This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The principles were shipped to the eastern world in the end of the nineteenth century by the western colonic influence.

The climate changes will result in catastrophic human consequences, and will threaten archaeologi... more The climate changes will result in catastrophic human consequences, and will threaten archaeological sites and cultural inventory in many countries of the world, if rapid action is not taken to address them. This paper considers strategic urban planning can seriously help dealing with the expected impact of climate change in the coming years of the current century. Therefore, the development of appropriate defensive strategies for these areas must be considered as the basis for any future planning process, according to multiple stages of time that commensurate with the increasing problem of rising sea levels. The paper aims to develop a strategy for the protection of archaeological areas on the Syrian coast by creating a sustainable defensive lines are viable for growth and expansion, with a new idea in the protection of minatory coastal heritage areas of the main problem of climate change (SLR) which is based on the exploitation of natural and geographically elements of these areas...

Urban and Transit Planning, 2019

A thermal comfort field study has been carried out in residential buildings in the old city of Ta... more A thermal comfort field study has been carried out in residential buildings in the old city of Tartous in Syria during the summer. Two data collection methodologies have been used. A survey of 191 responses during August, the hottest month in Syria, was administered to obtain the residents’ responses to their environment. In the meantime, an indoor physical measurement was taken simultaneously in three non-air-conditioned historic residences to provide quantitative data on the actual conditions in the buildings. The indoor climates of the selected structures have been described and analyzed in terms of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. The clothing insulation was also characterized. To evaluate the comfort temperature in the historic residences, the thermal comfort indices (PMV and PPD) and the comfort temperature band were determined, and the predicted neutral temperature was found to be nearly 26.42 °C. The results obtained in this survey were compared with the previous studies and ASHRAE Standard 55. The results could be useful for future studies’ framework and as a baseline for a local thermal comfort standard, where the thermal comfort field survey data and adaptive comfort standard in Syria are not available.

Proceedings of the 2nd 2016 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2016), 2017

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology `, 2016

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

This study aimed at opening discussions concerning new ideas of suggesting sustainable scenario b... more This study aimed at opening discussions concerning new ideas of suggesting sustainable scenario based on the principle of an integrated spatial development ring between urban-rural areas along and between AL-Abrash and AL-Hseen rivers watershed, as an application of the bottom-up planning model, seeking to achieve ruralization in parallel with urbanization. This paper adopted data collections and analysis through using a step-by-step approach. Firstly, investigated the land-cover change (LCC) during 30-years. Therefore, using multi-temporal satellite data from different dates for the same study area to create thematic land cover maps which can be used for land cover change detection. Three Landsat satellite images from1987, 2002 and 2017 were classified separately using the supervised classification method in ArcGIS, to provide an economical way to quantify, map and analyse changes over time in land cover. Then, SWOT analysis for the possibilities and determinants within the twoway flow of the current and futuristic economic activity, besides discussion the opportunities of the land-use (LU) taking into account slop map to achieve conservation priority for natural resources. Finally, evaluate results and establishing a sustainable spatial scenario approachable to upgrade into scaling up/out to covering the coastal region watersheds, can support regional planning and decision-making in the future.

International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research

Adaptive comfort survey data are not available for Syria. This paper is a thermal comfort study o... more Adaptive comfort survey data are not available for Syria. This paper is a thermal comfort study of the heritage buildings in the old city of Tartous in Syria. The selected historic structures were reused for public functions. Two of the survey locations are used as workplaces, the third is a multifunctional gallery, and the last is a print shop. The building elements, materials, and drawings were documented and described. Field measurements in the four public locations were continuously collected for seven days in August 2016 in conjunction with a subjective thermal survey in the office buildings. The sample size of the office questionnaires was 70 subjects, which is 80% of the total number of employees in both selected office buildings. The indoor climates of the surveyed buildings and the employees' satisfaction have been described and analyzed. Thermal comfort indices, a comfort band, and a predicted neutral temperature were determined and compared with the international standards. The primary objective of this thermal research was to evaluate whether the environments in the historic buildings are comfortable for the occupants. The results could be useful for further studies and could be used as a dataset for establishing a local thermal comfort standard.  Index Terms-Thermal comfort, neutral temperature, heritage buildings, Tartous

Climate Change and Conservation of Coastal Built Heritage

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

This chapter presents a simple step in the Zoom in method. It highlights and investigates the the... more This chapter presents a simple step in the Zoom in method. It highlights and investigates the thermal environment of two typical defensive stone heritage buildings, the citadel and tower in Arwad Island, that have been reused as museums. The heat and humidity harm the building materials and the exhibits and cause discomfort and visible damage, presented by the green stains and mold on the walls, especially on the ground floor. The study adopted data collections, analyzed a series of field measurements of the summer hygrothermal parameters, and interviewed local residents to identify the characteristics of the historical buildings and to complete an indoor thermal investigation. This chapter aims to study the current built environment and provides essential datasets of the microclimate factors of the built heritage as a potential risk for conservation, and to explore the appropriate control strategies to achieve climate management during the hot season and within the tight budgets of museums and historic buildings.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

Monitoring heritage buildings and sites is an essential part of preserving their architectural, a... more Monitoring heritage buildings and sites is an essential part of preserving their architectural, artistic, historic, and social values and developing possible techniques to save their structures and environments.

IntechOpen eBooks, Apr 6, 2023

This chapter summarizes the development of the global principles of historic building reuse and t... more This chapter summarizes the development of the global principles of historic building reuse and the theories of fundamental intervention, starting from the end of the eighteenth century down to the related principles' integration into comprehensive sustainable development agendas at the beginning of this century. The chapter raised some research questions and presented three historic churches from the Syrian coast that need reuse and activation. Then, it attempted to answer the questions through a literature review and a case study of international examples of the adaptive reuse of historic churches from America and Europe in an assortment of functions. The presented case studies focused on the abandoned historic churches' original structure and materials and incorporating them into the design for the new usage, era needs and techniques, where their conservation and adaptive reuse emphasize the aging of original surfaces, walls and other components as a form of respect for the place's memory in some cases, as well as using the creative design in other cases to provide the needs of the new functions. The chapter concluded with some guidelines and essential points to be considered in the process of historic building/church' adaptive reuse in Syria and worldwide.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

In response to the urgent need to address the new challenges facing conservation practices in the... more In response to the urgent need to address the new challenges facing conservation practices in the world, several integrated approaches and preservation studies worldwide in partnership with the community and other stakeholders could help in managing the cultural heritage. This chapter highlights some important steps, methods, and theories could be used in monitoring and management the built heritage. It started with the advanced leadership and enhancement visions of macrolevel management approaches that work hand by hand with the documenting, value, diagnosis, and problems identification, then the importance of using simulation programs as assessment tools. The common evaluation and assessment approaches and international standards for individual heritage structures and usages in term of thermal comfort concepts have been also summarized and presented. Special considerations need to be taken in suggesting the appropriate usage of individual historic buildings. Improvements considering the building envelope and value are helpful to adapt to the indoor environment for the occupants and to increase productivity during the operating time. Field measurements and survey, thermal comfort and PMV-PPD adaptive models, socioeconomic and cultural issues should also be considered. 2.1 Monitoring and Management Frameworks of Heritage Sites and Buildings Since late nineteenth century, the definition of heritage gradually changed from monuments to historic cities in the 1960s, to cultural landscapes recently, thus emphasizing the relationship between territory and man presence. Urban heritage protection dealing initially with the physical conservation of historic cities was extended in the 1980s into functional conservation, with the aim to counteract gentrification, and since 1990s, it is principally focusing on the protection of "place identity" of historic cities, often endangered by mass tourism and the transformation of heritage sites. In 2002, the Budapest Declaration switched the emphasis from the protection of the

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

The impact of climate change will result in catastrophic human consequences if action is not take... more The impact of climate change will result in catastrophic human consequences if action is not taken to address these concerns. Strategic urban planning can aid with the expected impacts of the climate changes moving forward. According to NASA reports, the formation of warm ocean currents will lead to accelerated melting of the Arctic ice resulting in sea-level rise. This, in turn, affects human populations in the coastal cities for many of the world’s regions for the past and current centuries. This chapter describes the reality of environmental research and standards in Syria and the current challenges.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

History is not just the significant past, it is evidence of a continuing commitment to tradition ... more History is not just the significant past, it is evidence of a continuing commitment to tradition in the physical signifies the importance of heritage, and it is a symbol of cultural resilience.

Springer eBooks, Sep 12, 2019

This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The princi... more This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The principles were shipped to the eastern world in the end of the nineteenth century by the western colonic influence.

Springer eBooks, 2020

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology `, 2016

يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارج... more يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارجية على حد سواء لا سيما أنه يربط عدة نقاط مختلفة من حيث التاريخ _ الطبيعة _ التنوع الوظيفي. يمثل المشروع خطوة في استراتيجية التنمية السياحية نحو صناعة سياحية مستدامة. المشروع إضافة نوعية للقطاع السياحي الاستثماري الترفيهي والفندقي في الإقليم الساحلي لترسيخ مكانته كمركز متنامي الأهمية على الخارطة السياحية السورية.

Climate Change and Conservation of Coastal Built Heritage, 2019

This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The princi... more This chapter presents the international modern conservation principles and approaches. The principles were shipped to the eastern world in the end of the nineteenth century by the western colonic influence.

The climate changes will result in catastrophic human consequences, and will threaten archaeologi... more The climate changes will result in catastrophic human consequences, and will threaten archaeological sites and cultural inventory in many countries of the world, if rapid action is not taken to address them. This paper considers strategic urban planning can seriously help dealing with the expected impact of climate change in the coming years of the current century. Therefore, the development of appropriate defensive strategies for these areas must be considered as the basis for any future planning process, according to multiple stages of time that commensurate with the increasing problem of rising sea levels. The paper aims to develop a strategy for the protection of archaeological areas on the Syrian coast by creating a sustainable defensive lines are viable for growth and expansion, with a new idea in the protection of minatory coastal heritage areas of the main problem of climate change (SLR) which is based on the exploitation of natural and geographically elements of these areas...

Urban and Transit Planning, 2019

A thermal comfort field study has been carried out in residential buildings in the old city of Ta... more A thermal comfort field study has been carried out in residential buildings in the old city of Tartous in Syria during the summer. Two data collection methodologies have been used. A survey of 191 responses during August, the hottest month in Syria, was administered to obtain the residents’ responses to their environment. In the meantime, an indoor physical measurement was taken simultaneously in three non-air-conditioned historic residences to provide quantitative data on the actual conditions in the buildings. The indoor climates of the selected structures have been described and analyzed in terms of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. The clothing insulation was also characterized. To evaluate the comfort temperature in the historic residences, the thermal comfort indices (PMV and PPD) and the comfort temperature band were determined, and the predicted neutral temperature was found to be nearly 26.42 °C. The results obtained in this survey were compared with the previous studies and ASHRAE Standard 55. The results could be useful for future studies’ framework and as a baseline for a local thermal comfort standard, where the thermal comfort field survey data and adaptive comfort standard in Syria are not available.

Proceedings of the 2nd 2016 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2016), 2017

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology `, 2016

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

This study aimed at opening discussions concerning new ideas of suggesting sustainable scenario b... more This study aimed at opening discussions concerning new ideas of suggesting sustainable scenario based on the principle of an integrated spatial development ring between urban-rural areas along and between AL-Abrash and AL-Hseen rivers watershed, as an application of the bottom-up planning model, seeking to achieve ruralization in parallel with urbanization. This paper adopted data collections and analysis through using a step-by-step approach. Firstly, investigated the land-cover change (LCC) during 30-years. Therefore, using multi-temporal satellite data from different dates for the same study area to create thematic land cover maps which can be used for land cover change detection. Three Landsat satellite images from1987, 2002 and 2017 were classified separately using the supervised classification method in ArcGIS, to provide an economical way to quantify, map and analyse changes over time in land cover. Then, SWOT analysis for the possibilities and determinants within the twoway flow of the current and futuristic economic activity, besides discussion the opportunities of the land-use (LU) taking into account slop map to achieve conservation priority for natural resources. Finally, evaluate results and establishing a sustainable spatial scenario approachable to upgrade into scaling up/out to covering the coastal region watersheds, can support regional planning and decision-making in the future.

International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research

Adaptive comfort survey data are not available for Syria. This paper is a thermal comfort study o... more Adaptive comfort survey data are not available for Syria. This paper is a thermal comfort study of the heritage buildings in the old city of Tartous in Syria. The selected historic structures were reused for public functions. Two of the survey locations are used as workplaces, the third is a multifunctional gallery, and the last is a print shop. The building elements, materials, and drawings were documented and described. Field measurements in the four public locations were continuously collected for seven days in August 2016 in conjunction with a subjective thermal survey in the office buildings. The sample size of the office questionnaires was 70 subjects, which is 80% of the total number of employees in both selected office buildings. The indoor climates of the surveyed buildings and the employees' satisfaction have been described and analyzed. Thermal comfort indices, a comfort band, and a predicted neutral temperature were determined and compared with the international standards. The primary objective of this thermal research was to evaluate whether the environments in the historic buildings are comfortable for the occupants. The results could be useful for further studies and could be used as a dataset for establishing a local thermal comfort standard.  Index Terms-Thermal comfort, neutral temperature, heritage buildings, Tartous

Climate Change and Conservation of Coastal Built Heritage

Tishreen University, 2005

يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارج... more يهدف المشروع إلى خلق مسار بحري سياحي استثماري ترفيهي جاذب يستقطب الحركة السياحية الداخلية والخارجية على حد سواء لا سيما أنه يربط عدة نقاط مختلفة من حيث التاريخ _ الطبيعة _ التنوع الوظيفي. يمثل المشروع خطوة في استراتيجية التنمية السياحية نحو صناعة سياحية مستدامة. المشروع إضافة نوعية للقطاع السياحي الاستثماري الترفيهي والفندقي في الإقليم الساحلي لترسيخ مكانته كمركز متنامي الأهمية على الخارطة السياحية السورية.