GOPALASATHEESKUMAR K | The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University (original) (raw)

Papers by GOPALASATHEESKUMAR K

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2023

Pseudomussaenda flava Verdac., the plant species called "yellow lady's mantle," is a type of orna... more Pseudomussaenda flava Verdac., the plant species called "yellow lady's mantle," is a type of ornamental plant in the family Rubiaceae. The purpose of this study is to identify the active principles of this plant. An aerial part of P. flava was collected from Chidambaram, Cuddalore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India, in November 2021. The aerial parts of P. flava were extracted using the cold percolation method. Based on the results of the
phytochemical screening, an ethyl acetate extract of P. flava was s elected and analysed with an Agilent Model 8890 GC System with Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer to find the bioactive components in the aerial parts of P. flava Verdac. The GC–MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part of P. flava revealed ten bioactive compounds. The compound with the highest percentage was named n- Hexadecanoic acid
(14.90%), and the compound with the lowest percentage was named W-18 (1.95%). In this study, we showed that a GC-MS analysis of an ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part of P. flava could give scientists information that could be used to make possible phytomedicines.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2022

Momordica cymbalaria (Cucurbitaceae) is one of the important herbal medicines, having many health... more Momordica cymbalaria (Cucurbitaceae) is one of the important herbal medicines, having many health benefits including Stomachic, CNS Stimulant, Laxative, anti-rheumatism, antidiabetic, antimalarial, wound healing, anti-infective, antipyretic activities. Current study aimed to evaluate the Different extraction methods on yield, phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Momordica cymbalaria leaves. Momordica cymbalaria leaves were extracted with different methods such as Cold Maceration, Refluxation, Soxhlet and Ultrasound extraction methods. Obtained extracts undergoes the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoids content using standard method. Antioxidant activity was
evaluated by hydrogen radical scavenging assay and antidiabetic activity was evaluated using alpha amylase inhibition assay. Results of current research revealed that, Soxhlet extraction method has higher
extractive yield but cold maceration method has higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Current research concluded that, cold maceration method is suitable for extraction of antioxidant and antidiabetic
phytochemicals from Momordica cymbalaria leaves.

Chinese Herbal Medicines, 2020

antidiabetic activity catalase Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Nuad. diabetes hypolipidemic activit... more antidiabetic activity catalase Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Nuad. diabetes hypolipidemic activity L6 cell line lipid pancreas rutin a b s t r a c t Objective: Wild musk melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis, CMA) is one of the edible plants form Tamil Nadu. Traditionally, this plant was used as diabetic diet (leaves of CMA with Momordica charantia leaves), but there is no scientific report on antidiabetic action of this plant material. Hence, the current research work was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of CMA leaves (HALEC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NIC)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) after 15 min of NIC (120 mg/kg i. p.) administration. The diabetic rats were treated with HALEC (300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) for 21 d. Results: After the management with HALEC, blood glucose, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol , triglycerides levels, glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase levels were significantly diminished in diabetic rats. However, haemoglobin level, HDL cholesterol, liver glycogen, total protein, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly increased in HALEC treated diabetic rats. The histopathological studies of the pancreas in HALEC-treated diabetic rats showed almost normal appearance. L6 cell line study revealed the increased glucose uptake activity of HALEC. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirms the presence of active principles such as rutin, gallic acid and quercetin in HALEC. Conclusion: The results indicated that HALEC possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipi-demic activity in STZ-NIC-induced type II diabetic rats with protective effect. This research work will be useful for the isolation of active principles and development of herbal formulation in phytopharmaceuticals.

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Introduction: The plant Barleria prionitis (family: Acanthaceae) is a traditional herb it is wide... more Introduction: The plant Barleria prionitis (family: Acanthaceae) is a traditional herb it is widely distributed in India and it has important medicinal value. The aim of present research work was to evaluate the anti-parkinsonrole of aqueous extract of Barleria prionitis (AEBP). Methods: The anti-parkinson activity of AEBP was evaluated using MPTP induced Parkinson mice and Rotenone induced Parkinson rat models. Levodopa was served as reference standard for both animal models. Results: Extracts treated groups showed higher in vivo antioxidant and anti-parkinson activities. They also showed higher activity in neurotransmitters level. AEBP exhibited similar anti-parkinson activity that of standard but with lesser magnitude. Conclusion: The result may be attributed to the chemical constituents namely iridoid glycosides existing in it which may be because of their specific or increasing effect that enhanced anti-parkinson activity and provided scientific evidence of the ethnomedicinal futures of Barleria prionitis. These findings could justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of parkinson's disease.

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, 2020

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2. It was first id... more The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2. It was first identified in Wuhan, China in Dec 31, 2020. As of June 8, 2020, 69, 31,000 confirmed cases, 4, 00,857 confirmed death
around 216 countries areas or territories with cases have been reported by WHO. The clinical trial of COVID-19 is going on Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin are given alone and combination and a new antiviral agent
Ramdesivir help to some infection. However there is still no available vaccine and potential treatment for this corona virus. These COVID-19 pathogenesis pathways are still unknown. In this literature review we discussed about CoV, SARS-MERS CoV, COVID-19, Clinical manifestation, illness and risk factor, treatment, preventive measures, control the transmission.

Human Journals, 2019

Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global... more Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global problem. Many of the drugs commercially available in market to treat diabetes, however these are the drugs has associated with side effects and toxicity. So that using of herbal therapy as an alternative to treating of diabetes with less side effects and diabetes. The literature says that Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits and Zingiber officinale rhizomes have the potent antidiabetic effect with protective effect. But still there is no reports on solid dosage form in this combination (Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits, Zingiber officinale rhizomes) of herbals. And solid dosage form (Capsule) is one of the conventional and simplest methods for formulation development. So that current study is aimed to formulation and evaluation of solid dosage of above herbal materials for the management of diabetes.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2020

This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attr... more This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. Cancer is a disease that evokes wide spread fear among people and is one of the leading causesof deaths in the world.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death both in developed and underdeveloped countries. Many of the synthetic drugs (chemotherapeutics) but these are the chemotherapeutic agents associated with side effects.So that focusing of herbal and herbal medicine is alternative to chemotherapy. The research focused on screening of new molecules through in vitro, in silico and in vivo techniques. In in vivo screening method Diethylnitrosamine induced animal model is plays important role. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a known carcinogen in rodent liver. DENs reported to undergometabolic activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form reactive electrophiles that cause oxidative stressleading to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. This review is focused on DEN induced animal models with anticancer herbal medicines.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndrome characterized by fasting hyperglycemia, postpr... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndrome characterized by fasting hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, resulting from defects in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The many factors are affected the diabetes such as lack of exercise, imbalanced diet, hormonal problem, etc. Now a days many of the synthetic drugs available to control diabetes such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, and α-glucosidase inhibitors etc., and the treating of diabetes is still challenging one due to the extended prevalence of diabetes in world wide. Besides these treatments, a couple of scientific data have indicated that medicinal plant and their products possess antidiabetic properties with less toxicity and side-effects. For the biological standardization/screening of new herbal / herbal drug for antidiabetic activity, various methods are involved such as in vitro screening, in vivo screening. In diabetic research cell lines technology plays an important role because of its unique target specificity. Many of the researches were used different cell lines like L6, C2C12, 3T3-L, RIN5F, HepG2 etc., based on focus of mechanistic study. But still there is no collective data on screening of antidiabetic medicinal plants using cell line study. Sothat, this review is summarizes the information about the cell lines techniques used in diabetes research. ABSTRACT RESEARCH ARTICLE

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia is a main constituent of e... more Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia is a main constituent of ethnomedicinal formulations used in Indian traditional medicine, there is very minimal systematic investigation done on this plant, it is not sufficient to support its traditional claim. The current study was attempted to assess the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia. The ABTS radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay and Phosphomolybdate assay were performed for the confirmation of antioxidant activity. The Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ehyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of these three plants were evaluated for the preliminary Phytochemical study which confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Glycosides, and Phytosterols. Petroleum ether extract of all the three plants do not have these secondary metabolites, so that excluding this petroleum ether extract for quantification of flavonoids Yuvaraja KR et al Research Article 196 IJBPAS, February, 2020, 9(2) and phenolic contents using spectrophotometer. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of all the three plants having higher flavonoid content since further antioxidant activity was evaluated in both ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of three plants. All the plant extracts shows good antioxidant activity and from the results of the current study the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia were shows potent antioxidant activity which is similar to the standard. This study concluded that the flavonoids present in Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia may be the reason for antioxidant activity.

European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

The antioxidants are vital in life. Because, most of the diseases are caused by free radicals whi... more The antioxidants are vital in life. Because, most of the diseases are caused by free radicals which are scavenged by the antioxidants. Naturally herbals has the antioxidants role with the phytochemicals such as flavonoids, vitamin C, Vitamin E etc., So that, current research is focused on study of antioxidant activity of herbal. Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb is annual climbing herb, belong to genus Cucumis L., family Cucurbitaceae. Commonly, Hydroalcohol is a suitable solvent for successive extraction of polar and non polar phytoconstituents. Many of the hydroalcoholic plant extract have potent antioxidant activity, since there is no evidence for Cucumis dipsaceus. Therefore current research is focused on antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Cucumis dipsaceus (HAFEC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The results of current research revealed that HAFEC has potent antioxidant activity which produced similar effect to standard quercetin. Results concluded that, the antioxidant activity of HAFEC may be due to the presence of
phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, catechin etc., the future direction of this study is to perform in vivo studies and finding of molecular mechanism.

International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical research , 2019

Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global... more Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global problem. Many of the drugs commercially available in market to treat diabetes, however these are the drugs has associated with side effects and toxicity. So that using of herbal therapy as an alternative to treating of diabetes with less side effects and diabetes. The literature says that Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits and Zingiber officinale rhizomes have the potent antidiabetic effect with protective effect. But still there is no reports on solid dosage form in this combination (Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits, Zingiber officinale rhizomes) of herbals. And solid dosage form (Capsule) is one of the conventional and simplest methods for formulation development. So that current study is aimed to formulation and evaluation of solid dosage of above herbal materials for the management of diabetes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the joints and periarticular tissue. Several drugs such as parcetamol, opiates, Diproqualone, prednisone, prednisolone, methyl prednisolone, Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, sulfasalazine, gold salts, Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, anakinra, cetrolizumab, rituximab, abatecept. Bioavailability, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring studies have received major attention from the pharmaceutical industry, health authorities and clinic. These studies are performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a genetic structure. Which studies as well as drug product development studies require rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable bioanalytical methods to monitoring the target drug in human plasma sample. Several analytical methods have been developed to analyse drugs in plasma for pharmacokinetic and clinical trials. Current review is focused on bioanalytical method development for antiarthritic drugs using HPLC analysis.

The amount of unpopular, "scientific" werewolf theories is inversely proportional to serious inve... more The amount of unpopular, "scientific" werewolf theories is inversely proportional to serious investigations into the history of the werewolf. A critical approach of these theories leaves the scientist, dermatologist and the very common people starving for clear explanation. It was found decades ago but explained 20 years ago. This review will help us to increase and expand our knowledge towards this panic syndrome, and should encourage future dermatologic analysis to report more on Ambras syndrome.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019

Background: This research focused on HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of natural anti... more Background: This research focused on HPTLC
method for the simultaneous estimation of natural
antioxidant markers namely rutin, gallic acid and
quercetin from the plant extract of Cucumis melo
var agrestis (CME). Aims and Objectives: The main
aim of this research is to extract and simultaneously
quantitate the three antioxidant markers-rutin, gallic
acid and quercetin from CME by using normal
phase HPTLC. Materials and Methods: Separation of
compounds was performed on TLC aluminium plates
precoated with silica 60 F254 after that detection of
rutin, gallic acid and quercetin. Camag TLC scanner
3 prepared with win CATS software was used for
densitrometric scanning at 254 nm. This method was
additional validated in terms of linearity, precision,
accuracy and sensitivity as per the ICH guidelines.
Results: A good linear relationship was obtained for
the calibration plots with R2 = 0.9957, 0.9909, and
0.9920 for rutin, gallic acid and quercetin respectively.
Accuracy was checked by recovery study performed
at three different stages with the average recovery
between 95% and 98% for all the three markers. Conclusion: This developed method of HPTLC can
be used for the detection of antioxidant markers in
botanicals and herbal formulations.

PharmaTutor, 2018

Aim and objective: The primary aim of the study is to formulate, standardize and evaluate the pol... more Aim and objective: The primary aim of the study is to formulate, standardize and evaluate the polyherbal (Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale,n Syzygium cumini, Phyllanthus emblica, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, Citrous limon) solid dosage form for systemic diseases. Methodology: The polyherbal solid, Dosage form was formulated by filling the polyherbal powder mixture into the hard gelatin capsules, standardized as per WHO guidelines of quality standardization. It was evaluated for antioxidant parameters (DPPH and ABTS assays) and Antimicrobial activity. Results: Pharmaceutical parameters i.e. weight variation; moisture analysis and drug content are within I.P limit. Dissolution studies reveal that the release of maximum drugs (91%) at 120 minutes. The DPPH assay and ABTS assay activity of the polyherbal extract is found to be close to the standard drugs. Antimicrobial activity of polyherbal extract showed zone of inhibition 34mm for E-coli and 12 mm for Aspergillus Niger. The polyherbal drugs are less effective against rest of the microorganisms.

International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences, 2019

Neem (Azadirachta indica) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse u... more Neem (Azadirachta indica) has universally been accepted as a wonder
tree because of its diverse utility since from the Vedic times and in
Ayurveda medicine it has been used for more than 4,000 years due to
its medicine properties. So, it has been called by a variety of names like
“the village of pharmacy,” “Drug Cabinet of Mother Nature”, ‘arista’
(means a ‘perfect, complete and imperishable’) besides its therapeutic
efficacious, Neem has already established its potential as a source of
naturally occurring insecticide and pesticide. The stems, roots, leaf and
young fruits of the tree are made into capsules, tablets, lotions, creams,
soaps, and shampoos, and are used to treat a variety of conditions. The
drug interaction of the herb has not been documented scientifically,
although Drugs.com states that more than 0.2 ml of neem oil per
kilogram of body weight can lead to toxic reactions. The present review
highlights a literature on taxonomy, origin and extraction of neem.
Various chemical test for phytochemical studies are discussed and it
further deals with its pharmacological activity
(Neuroprotective and Hepatoprotective Effect, Antitumor, Antidiabetic,
Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Analgesic, Antimalarial,
Antimicrobial activities) and toxicological effect of Azadirachta indica.

PharmaTutor, 2019

Plants play a major role in health as medicine since the human era began. The Palmyra tree is the... more Plants play a major role in health as medicine since the human era began. The Palmyra tree is the official tree of Tamil Nadu state in India. All of its parts could be used for medicinal properties. This magnanimous tree is found with gums, albuminoids, steroidal glycosides, fats, and carbohydrate like sucrose, spirostane type steroids like borassosides and dioscin. The aim of this review was the updated research of this plant for its pharmacological screening. This review article is focused attentively on medicinal property of the plant Borassus flabellifer linn belongs to the family of Arecaceae. In this review was concluded that the plants are having various pharmacological actions like anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, diuretic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-bacterial, wound healing, anti-convulsant, and anti-microbial properties.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2023

Pseudomussaenda flava Verdac., the plant species called "yellow lady's mantle," is a type of orna... more Pseudomussaenda flava Verdac., the plant species called "yellow lady's mantle," is a type of ornamental plant in the family Rubiaceae. The purpose of this study is to identify the active principles of this plant. An aerial part of P. flava was collected from Chidambaram, Cuddalore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India, in November 2021. The aerial parts of P. flava were extracted using the cold percolation method. Based on the results of the
phytochemical screening, an ethyl acetate extract of P. flava was s elected and analysed with an Agilent Model 8890 GC System with Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer to find the bioactive components in the aerial parts of P. flava Verdac. The GC–MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part of P. flava revealed ten bioactive compounds. The compound with the highest percentage was named n- Hexadecanoic acid
(14.90%), and the compound with the lowest percentage was named W-18 (1.95%). In this study, we showed that a GC-MS analysis of an ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part of P. flava could give scientists information that could be used to make possible phytomedicines.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2022

Momordica cymbalaria (Cucurbitaceae) is one of the important herbal medicines, having many health... more Momordica cymbalaria (Cucurbitaceae) is one of the important herbal medicines, having many health benefits including Stomachic, CNS Stimulant, Laxative, anti-rheumatism, antidiabetic, antimalarial, wound healing, anti-infective, antipyretic activities. Current study aimed to evaluate the Different extraction methods on yield, phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Momordica cymbalaria leaves. Momordica cymbalaria leaves were extracted with different methods such as Cold Maceration, Refluxation, Soxhlet and Ultrasound extraction methods. Obtained extracts undergoes the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoids content using standard method. Antioxidant activity was
evaluated by hydrogen radical scavenging assay and antidiabetic activity was evaluated using alpha amylase inhibition assay. Results of current research revealed that, Soxhlet extraction method has higher
extractive yield but cold maceration method has higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Current research concluded that, cold maceration method is suitable for extraction of antioxidant and antidiabetic
phytochemicals from Momordica cymbalaria leaves.

Chinese Herbal Medicines, 2020

antidiabetic activity catalase Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Nuad. diabetes hypolipidemic activit... more antidiabetic activity catalase Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Nuad. diabetes hypolipidemic activity L6 cell line lipid pancreas rutin a b s t r a c t Objective: Wild musk melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis, CMA) is one of the edible plants form Tamil Nadu. Traditionally, this plant was used as diabetic diet (leaves of CMA with Momordica charantia leaves), but there is no scientific report on antidiabetic action of this plant material. Hence, the current research work was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of CMA leaves (HALEC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NIC)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) after 15 min of NIC (120 mg/kg i. p.) administration. The diabetic rats were treated with HALEC (300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) for 21 d. Results: After the management with HALEC, blood glucose, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol , triglycerides levels, glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase levels were significantly diminished in diabetic rats. However, haemoglobin level, HDL cholesterol, liver glycogen, total protein, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly increased in HALEC treated diabetic rats. The histopathological studies of the pancreas in HALEC-treated diabetic rats showed almost normal appearance. L6 cell line study revealed the increased glucose uptake activity of HALEC. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirms the presence of active principles such as rutin, gallic acid and quercetin in HALEC. Conclusion: The results indicated that HALEC possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipi-demic activity in STZ-NIC-induced type II diabetic rats with protective effect. This research work will be useful for the isolation of active principles and development of herbal formulation in phytopharmaceuticals.

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Introduction: The plant Barleria prionitis (family: Acanthaceae) is a traditional herb it is wide... more Introduction: The plant Barleria prionitis (family: Acanthaceae) is a traditional herb it is widely distributed in India and it has important medicinal value. The aim of present research work was to evaluate the anti-parkinsonrole of aqueous extract of Barleria prionitis (AEBP). Methods: The anti-parkinson activity of AEBP was evaluated using MPTP induced Parkinson mice and Rotenone induced Parkinson rat models. Levodopa was served as reference standard for both animal models. Results: Extracts treated groups showed higher in vivo antioxidant and anti-parkinson activities. They also showed higher activity in neurotransmitters level. AEBP exhibited similar anti-parkinson activity that of standard but with lesser magnitude. Conclusion: The result may be attributed to the chemical constituents namely iridoid glycosides existing in it which may be because of their specific or increasing effect that enhanced anti-parkinson activity and provided scientific evidence of the ethnomedicinal futures of Barleria prionitis. These findings could justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of parkinson's disease.

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, 2020

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2. It was first id... more The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2. It was first identified in Wuhan, China in Dec 31, 2020. As of June 8, 2020, 69, 31,000 confirmed cases, 4, 00,857 confirmed death
around 216 countries areas or territories with cases have been reported by WHO. The clinical trial of COVID-19 is going on Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin are given alone and combination and a new antiviral agent
Ramdesivir help to some infection. However there is still no available vaccine and potential treatment for this corona virus. These COVID-19 pathogenesis pathways are still unknown. In this literature review we discussed about CoV, SARS-MERS CoV, COVID-19, Clinical manifestation, illness and risk factor, treatment, preventive measures, control the transmission.

Human Journals, 2019

Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global... more Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global problem. Many of the drugs commercially available in market to treat diabetes, however these are the drugs has associated with side effects and toxicity. So that using of herbal therapy as an alternative to treating of diabetes with less side effects and diabetes. The literature says that Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits and Zingiber officinale rhizomes have the potent antidiabetic effect with protective effect. But still there is no reports on solid dosage form in this combination (Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits, Zingiber officinale rhizomes) of herbals. And solid dosage form (Capsule) is one of the conventional and simplest methods for formulation development. So that current study is aimed to formulation and evaluation of solid dosage of above herbal materials for the management of diabetes.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2020

This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attr... more This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. Cancer is a disease that evokes wide spread fear among people and is one of the leading causesof deaths in the world.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death both in developed and underdeveloped countries. Many of the synthetic drugs (chemotherapeutics) but these are the chemotherapeutic agents associated with side effects.So that focusing of herbal and herbal medicine is alternative to chemotherapy. The research focused on screening of new molecules through in vitro, in silico and in vivo techniques. In in vivo screening method Diethylnitrosamine induced animal model is plays important role. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a known carcinogen in rodent liver. DENs reported to undergometabolic activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form reactive electrophiles that cause oxidative stressleading to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. This review is focused on DEN induced animal models with anticancer herbal medicines.

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndrome characterized by fasting hyperglycemia, postpr... more Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndrome characterized by fasting hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, resulting from defects in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The many factors are affected the diabetes such as lack of exercise, imbalanced diet, hormonal problem, etc. Now a days many of the synthetic drugs available to control diabetes such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, and α-glucosidase inhibitors etc., and the treating of diabetes is still challenging one due to the extended prevalence of diabetes in world wide. Besides these treatments, a couple of scientific data have indicated that medicinal plant and their products possess antidiabetic properties with less toxicity and side-effects. For the biological standardization/screening of new herbal / herbal drug for antidiabetic activity, various methods are involved such as in vitro screening, in vivo screening. In diabetic research cell lines technology plays an important role because of its unique target specificity. Many of the researches were used different cell lines like L6, C2C12, 3T3-L, RIN5F, HepG2 etc., based on focus of mechanistic study. But still there is no collective data on screening of antidiabetic medicinal plants using cell line study. Sothat, this review is summarizes the information about the cell lines techniques used in diabetes research. ABSTRACT RESEARCH ARTICLE

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2020

Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia is a main constituent of e... more Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia is a main constituent of ethnomedicinal formulations used in Indian traditional medicine, there is very minimal systematic investigation done on this plant, it is not sufficient to support its traditional claim. The current study was attempted to assess the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia. The ABTS radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay and Phosphomolybdate assay were performed for the confirmation of antioxidant activity. The Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ehyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of these three plants were evaluated for the preliminary Phytochemical study which confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Glycosides, and Phytosterols. Petroleum ether extract of all the three plants do not have these secondary metabolites, so that excluding this petroleum ether extract for quantification of flavonoids Yuvaraja KR et al Research Article 196 IJBPAS, February, 2020, 9(2) and phenolic contents using spectrophotometer. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of all the three plants having higher flavonoid content since further antioxidant activity was evaluated in both ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of three plants. All the plant extracts shows good antioxidant activity and from the results of the current study the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia were shows potent antioxidant activity which is similar to the standard. This study concluded that the flavonoids present in Ehretia microphylla, Dipteracanthus patulus and Hydnocarpus laurifolia may be the reason for antioxidant activity.

European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

The antioxidants are vital in life. Because, most of the diseases are caused by free radicals whi... more The antioxidants are vital in life. Because, most of the diseases are caused by free radicals which are scavenged by the antioxidants. Naturally herbals has the antioxidants role with the phytochemicals such as flavonoids, vitamin C, Vitamin E etc., So that, current research is focused on study of antioxidant activity of herbal. Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb is annual climbing herb, belong to genus Cucumis L., family Cucurbitaceae. Commonly, Hydroalcohol is a suitable solvent for successive extraction of polar and non polar phytoconstituents. Many of the hydroalcoholic plant extract have potent antioxidant activity, since there is no evidence for Cucumis dipsaceus. Therefore current research is focused on antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Cucumis dipsaceus (HAFEC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The results of current research revealed that HAFEC has potent antioxidant activity which produced similar effect to standard quercetin. Results concluded that, the antioxidant activity of HAFEC may be due to the presence of
phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, catechin etc., the future direction of this study is to perform in vivo studies and finding of molecular mechanism.

International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical research , 2019

Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global... more Diabetes is the one of the most common disorder is universe. So treating the diabetes is a global problem. Many of the drugs commercially available in market to treat diabetes, however these are the drugs has associated with side effects and toxicity. So that using of herbal therapy as an alternative to treating of diabetes with less side effects and diabetes. The literature says that Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits and Zingiber officinale rhizomes have the potent antidiabetic effect with protective effect. But still there is no reports on solid dosage form in this combination (Nigella sativa seeds, Pyllanthus emblica fruits, Zingiber officinale rhizomes) of herbals. And solid dosage form (Capsule) is one of the conventional and simplest methods for formulation development. So that current study is aimed to formulation and evaluation of solid dosage of above herbal materials for the management of diabetes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the joints and periarticular tissue. Several drugs such as parcetamol, opiates, Diproqualone, prednisone, prednisolone, methyl prednisolone, Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, sulfasalazine, gold salts, Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, anakinra, cetrolizumab, rituximab, abatecept. Bioavailability, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring studies have received major attention from the pharmaceutical industry, health authorities and clinic. These studies are performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a genetic structure. Which studies as well as drug product development studies require rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable bioanalytical methods to monitoring the target drug in human plasma sample. Several analytical methods have been developed to analyse drugs in plasma for pharmacokinetic and clinical trials. Current review is focused on bioanalytical method development for antiarthritic drugs using HPLC analysis.

The amount of unpopular, "scientific" werewolf theories is inversely proportional to serious inve... more The amount of unpopular, "scientific" werewolf theories is inversely proportional to serious investigations into the history of the werewolf. A critical approach of these theories leaves the scientist, dermatologist and the very common people starving for clear explanation. It was found decades ago but explained 20 years ago. This review will help us to increase and expand our knowledge towards this panic syndrome, and should encourage future dermatologic analysis to report more on Ambras syndrome.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019

Background: This research focused on HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of natural anti... more Background: This research focused on HPTLC
method for the simultaneous estimation of natural
antioxidant markers namely rutin, gallic acid and
quercetin from the plant extract of Cucumis melo
var agrestis (CME). Aims and Objectives: The main
aim of this research is to extract and simultaneously
quantitate the three antioxidant markers-rutin, gallic
acid and quercetin from CME by using normal
phase HPTLC. Materials and Methods: Separation of
compounds was performed on TLC aluminium plates
precoated with silica 60 F254 after that detection of
rutin, gallic acid and quercetin. Camag TLC scanner
3 prepared with win CATS software was used for
densitrometric scanning at 254 nm. This method was
additional validated in terms of linearity, precision,
accuracy and sensitivity as per the ICH guidelines.
Results: A good linear relationship was obtained for
the calibration plots with R2 = 0.9957, 0.9909, and
0.9920 for rutin, gallic acid and quercetin respectively.
Accuracy was checked by recovery study performed
at three different stages with the average recovery
between 95% and 98% for all the three markers. Conclusion: This developed method of HPTLC can
be used for the detection of antioxidant markers in
botanicals and herbal formulations.

PharmaTutor, 2018

Aim and objective: The primary aim of the study is to formulate, standardize and evaluate the pol... more Aim and objective: The primary aim of the study is to formulate, standardize and evaluate the polyherbal (Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale,n Syzygium cumini, Phyllanthus emblica, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, Citrous limon) solid dosage form for systemic diseases. Methodology: The polyherbal solid, Dosage form was formulated by filling the polyherbal powder mixture into the hard gelatin capsules, standardized as per WHO guidelines of quality standardization. It was evaluated for antioxidant parameters (DPPH and ABTS assays) and Antimicrobial activity. Results: Pharmaceutical parameters i.e. weight variation; moisture analysis and drug content are within I.P limit. Dissolution studies reveal that the release of maximum drugs (91%) at 120 minutes. The DPPH assay and ABTS assay activity of the polyherbal extract is found to be close to the standard drugs. Antimicrobial activity of polyherbal extract showed zone of inhibition 34mm for E-coli and 12 mm for Aspergillus Niger. The polyherbal drugs are less effective against rest of the microorganisms.

International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences, 2019

Neem (Azadirachta indica) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse u... more Neem (Azadirachta indica) has universally been accepted as a wonder
tree because of its diverse utility since from the Vedic times and in
Ayurveda medicine it has been used for more than 4,000 years due to
its medicine properties. So, it has been called by a variety of names like
“the village of pharmacy,” “Drug Cabinet of Mother Nature”, ‘arista’
(means a ‘perfect, complete and imperishable’) besides its therapeutic
efficacious, Neem has already established its potential as a source of
naturally occurring insecticide and pesticide. The stems, roots, leaf and
young fruits of the tree are made into capsules, tablets, lotions, creams,
soaps, and shampoos, and are used to treat a variety of conditions. The
drug interaction of the herb has not been documented scientifically,
although Drugs.com states that more than 0.2 ml of neem oil per
kilogram of body weight can lead to toxic reactions. The present review
highlights a literature on taxonomy, origin and extraction of neem.
Various chemical test for phytochemical studies are discussed and it
further deals with its pharmacological activity
(Neuroprotective and Hepatoprotective Effect, Antitumor, Antidiabetic,
Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Analgesic, Antimalarial,
Antimicrobial activities) and toxicological effect of Azadirachta indica.

PharmaTutor, 2019

Plants play a major role in health as medicine since the human era began. The Palmyra tree is the... more Plants play a major role in health as medicine since the human era began. The Palmyra tree is the official tree of Tamil Nadu state in India. All of its parts could be used for medicinal properties. This magnanimous tree is found with gums, albuminoids, steroidal glycosides, fats, and carbohydrate like sucrose, spirostane type steroids like borassosides and dioscin. The aim of this review was the updated research of this plant for its pharmacological screening. This review article is focused attentively on medicinal property of the plant Borassus flabellifer linn belongs to the family of Arecaceae. In this review was concluded that the plants are having various pharmacological actions like anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, diuretic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-bacterial, wound healing, anti-convulsant, and anti-microbial properties.