Masimalai Palaniyandi | Tripura University (original) (raw)

Papers by Masimalai Palaniyandi

Dengue epidemics has been increased both horizontal and vertical structure across the country sin... more Dengue epidemics has been increased both horizontal and vertical structure across the country since 2006, and hence, urgent need for GIS based dengue surveillance for epidemic control and management in the nation. The dengue epidemic cases and the mortality caused by dengue has become essentially public health important in India, and the situation has become worse since 2006. Dengue cases were clinically confirmed with thousands of cases and hundreds of deaths annually. The report of dengue epidemics is becoming daily news nowadays and it was reported from 24 states and Union Territories in India. The spatial and seasonal occurrence of dengue epidemics were reported across the country during the period of April to November annually, however, the vulnerability of epidemics was reported between the periods of mid-July to mid-November of every year. The geo-environmental and climate variables are fuelling to create a conducive environment for profusion of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or

Dengue is a vector borne flavivirus usually caused by DENV1 virus, and a quantity of cases report... more Dengue is a vector borne flavivirus usually caused by DENV1 virus, and a quantity of cases reported with DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera) day biting female vector mosquitoes, belongs to Culicidae family. The symptoms of dengue were first clinically confirmed in Japan during 1943, and later, it was recorded simultaneously in the Asia, Africa, and North America during the 1980. Dengue epidemics situation was reported in the 142 countries across the world Dengue and severe dengue, (Global Strategy for dengue prevention and control, (2012-2020), 2020) and the epidemics had been changed to endemic situation in many of the countries for the past 2 decades, and the people who have been Systematic Review Article

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2024

The prevalence of vector borne disease epidemics are influenced by the thickness of the vectors p... more The prevalence of vector borne disease epidemics are influenced by the thickness of the vectors persistent to climate, landscape, and environment. Historically evidenced of triggering epidemics in both vertical magnitude and horizontal spread (spatial diffusion) of increasing vector borne diseases, such as; malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, leishmaniases, scrub typhus, Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), West Nile virus, Lyme disease, Zika virus, and Rift valley fever in the tropical and subtropical regions, particularly, in the third world countries for the past several decades. The geographical analysis of each one VBD epidemics has a unique vector ecology and environment. The prevalence of epidemic distribution patterns and seasonal variations, and associated vector ecology were analyzed throughout the world for the past periods, in order to

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International , 2024

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author MP has conceived the conc... more This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author MP has conceived the concept, designed the study, planned the work, did data interpretation, and drafted the whole manuscript. Author DM performed the field and laboratory studies including data collection, image analysis, and preparation of tables, maps and diagrams. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016

Mosquito nuisance and the urban malaria become very big problems in the urban settlements in Indi... more Mosquito nuisance and the urban malaria become very big problems in the urban settlements in India. A significant study was made to mapping the potential surface areas of mosquito breeding habitats, mosquito breeding surface areas, ground water level, and land use / land cover classes, and linking with ward wise malaria cases. The indigenous satellite data of value added hybrid colour composite imagery of IRS 1D PAN and LISS III was used for preparing land use / land cover map. The Arc View spatial analysis and image analyst GIS software was used for mapping and overlay analysis. Performing the spatial analysis enabled for reexamining mosquito breeding habitats, and assessing the mosquito breeding surface areas for mosquito control in the city on priority basis. Thus, the result was made clear that the application of remote sensing and GIS is sensible and feasible to malaria epidemic control in the urban environment.

The public health epidemiology is the study of horizontal and vertical structure of the disease i... more The public health epidemiology is the study of horizontal and vertical structure of the disease infection state, and health related events and attempt to explain the environmental risk factors (biological, physical, and chemical agents); social settings and factors affecting human contact with these agents, and socioeconomic and environmental condition. GIS has been used to mapping the epidemiological information which includes the burden of disease epidemic transmission, spatial distribution and the determinants of health related states or events in specified population with reference to space and time. Perhaps, remote sensing and GPS has been integrated under the GIS umbrella for disease surveillance, situation analyze and the spatial modelling of disease transmission. The first application of cartography was used in the public health epidemiology for mapping diarrhea disease in London, during 1854 by Jonson Snow, UK physician. However, the applied GIS and remote sensing have not ...

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 2000

The derivation of detailed epidemiological maps, at the relevant spatial resolution, is being inc... more The derivation of detailed epidemiological maps, at the relevant spatial resolution, is being increasingly recognized as vital to the effective design and implementation of successful programmes for the control of parasites and their vectors. Geographical information systems (GIS) and a recently compiled database on the distribution of lymphatic filariasis in India have now been used to develop the first maps at district-level (i.e. the level at which control against this parasite will be enacted in India) of filariasis endemicity in this country. The derived maps indicate both the substantial extent as well as the marked variability in the geographical distribution of this disease in India. The causative infection and/ or the symptomatic disease were detected in most (257) of the 289 districts surveyed up to 1995. Currently there may be up to 27.09 million microfilaraemics, 20.83 million cases of symptomatic filariasis, and about 429.32 million individuals potentially at risk of infection in the country. Probability mapping, based on data quantiles, clearly indicates that the risk of filaria! infection in India is not constant throughout the country but exhibits strong regional trends. Filariasis in general may be a particular problem of the eastern half of the country. The results indicate the potentially vital role that GIS-based mapping approaches can play in the development of filariasis-control campaigns in India and elsewhere.

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021

Malaria is endemic problem in the low and middle income countries, especially, sub-Saharan Africa... more Malaria is endemic problem in the low and middle income countries, especially, sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by Plasmodium falciparum contributed on the major parts, and Plasmodium vivax parasites in the minor parts claim for millions of morbidity and mortality on the global level. Mainly due to the climate change, monsoon failure, declining agriculture crop production, population movements on poverty, mushroom growth of unplanned urbanization, landscape and land cover changes. Multispectral (MSS) satellite data and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery has been used for the replacement of conventional survey methods for the assessment of the problems. Remote sensing of environmental information has been used to study the variations of climate conditions; land use/ land cover changes and its impact on natural environmental transitions, assess breeding potentiality, and forecast malaria for the past 4 decades. It provides the reliable, picturesque, repetitive, precise, speed, and low cost comparatively. Remote sensing technology has been applied as alternative tool, a scientific method to develop spatial models for forecast malaria for lager areas; regional, national, and global scale. Malaria is prolonged public health challenging problem in Africa continent, tropical countries, and subtropical regions for several decades, it claims 2 million death tolls every year, especially, in the sub-Saharan Africa regions excessively tremendous problem, despite, all kinds control measures. The perceptions of spatial model for malaria prediction/ forecast malaria epidemics have been attracted by many researchers for past 4 decades. Therefore, present study is aimed to review relevant studies of the use of multispectral satellite data, and synthetic aperture radar imagery to analyze recurrent weather environment (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and saturation deficiency), land surface temperature (LST), sea surface temperature (SST), vector breeding potentiality, deforestation; land use/ land cover changes for forecast malaria.

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

Illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations that are spread by arthropod ins... more Illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations that are spread by arthropod insects are called vector-borne diseases. The prevalence of vector-borne diseases contribute one-sixth of the illness and disability worldwide, especially, imposes large economic burden and casualty in the world, and has been increasing public health important, especially, challenging problems in more than 100 tropical countries and being affects more than 50% of the population in the world. The both vertical and horizontal structure of the epidemics have become major challenging problems in India. The study of environmental aspects in relation to occurrences of vector borne disease epidemics provides the indicators to stratification of probability of transmission risk. Gaining the preeminent understanding of the spatial aspects of vector borne disease transmission, vector ecology, vector breeding habitats, and the occurrences of vector borne disease epidemics in different part of the count...

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2021

The prevalence of spatial distribution and the seasonal variation of malaria epidemics in India h... more The prevalence of spatial distribution and the seasonal variation of malaria epidemics in India have been most significantly determined by the environmental variables including climate, landscape, and the man made factors. The risk factors are acting as decisive factors on the development of Anopheles genus mosquitoes. The landscape environments (slope, altitude, land use / land covers), human settlements proximity to permanent water bodies of mosquito breeding habitats (lake, pool, streams, rivers, tanks etc), agricultural wet rice cultivation land, land use dynamics, population density, urbanization, increase of man water resource projects. The coefficient model of climate determinants (rainfall and temperature) with the mosquito abundance are highly associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value derived from multispectral satellite data, and is useful in the assess the ground situation of Anopheline malaria vector mosquito larval abundance 7 days in advance in the wet irrigation rice fields using remotely sensed data. The result of logistic regression model provides the spatial agreement between the observed and predicted values of larval index within buffer zones 2.5 KM around the trap location in the wet cultivation rice fields much appropriate for Anopheline vector mosquito breeding. However, transmission of Plasmodium vivax requires a minimum average temperature 15.0°C and transmission by Plasmodium falciparum, requires a minimum average temperature of 19.0°C. The P.vivax vector requires 15 to 25 days to complete the parasite development cycle within the temperature range between 15°C to 20°C, the relative humidity for both species requires range between 55% to 80% and its life cycle may be completed within 6 to 10 days, if the temperature range remains within 25°C to 30°C. Multivariate analysis could be predicted accurately the relative abundance of malaria vectors breeding habitats suitability and epidemics. The malaria cases in the endemic districts and the relative abundance of the malaria vectors are directly controlled by the climate variables with >85 % accuracy.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2021

Better understanding by mapping picturesque thematic information, and visualizing the actual burd... more Better understanding by mapping picturesque thematic information, and visualizing the actual burden ofarthropod vector borne disease vertically and horizontally, using GIS, analytical cartographic and geovisualizationmethods guide to select an appropriate methods for control and management of the disease.Both, the site specific public health epidemiology and entomological reality information on the groundscould be collected with GPS, and could be mapped under the GIS techniques. Different type of field surveymethods and techniques could have been functional for the study of arthropod vectors surveillance, especially,mosquitoes, ticks, and mites vector abundance, and ecology, must have been essentially needed revisionand updates for the achievements of goal move towards the betterment of vector borne disease control andmanagement. Probability sampling (random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling), and Nonprobabilitysampling (convenience sampling, snowball sampling, quot...

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2021

Vector borne diseases are having increasing trend in both vertical and horizontal structure of th... more Vector borne diseases are having increasing trend in both vertical and horizontal structure of the diseaseepidemics in India for the recent decades. Filariasis, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya,Leishmaniases, and Malaria are the major vector borne diseases in India for several decades. The increasingtrend of both spatial distribution and magnitude of the disease makes public health challenging problemin India, especially, for the recent decades. The both spatial extent and magnitude of vector borne diseaseoutbreaks have been increasingly reported and it has been found ubiquitous across the country. Thegeographical extent of endemic regions, the frequency of outbreaks in both urban and rural, and the spatialand temporal aspects of vector borne disease epidemics were analyzed across the nation for the past 30years, in order to assess the probability of potential risk of the VBD outbreaks in the country using GIS,accordingly, the appropriate control strategy will be prepared ...

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2014

The study was designed for mapping the filariasis transmission risk using geo-climatic variables.... more The study was designed for mapping the filariasis transmission risk using geo-climatic variables. The application of remote sensing and GIS in the present study is mainly focused on profiling the areas at risk of filariasis transmission. The filariasis disease is caused by the Culex genus mosquito vector. The survival and longevity of infected filariasis vector mosquitoes are spatially determined by the geo-climatic variables. The geo-climatic variables are contiguous in nature, to relate the filariasis endemicity (mF and disease), a spatial interpolation or Kriging could provide the predicted surface of filariasis transmission in the areas where no information is available or areas at remote and difficult locality where to conduct a survey is not possible. Therefore, the geo-statistical analysis of GIS spatial interpolation or Kriging method was applied for obtaining the values for constructing the continuous surface of predicted filariasis surface for stratification of the areas for mapping of filariasis endemicity with accuracy of 93.4% statistically significant and sensitivity of 97.6% (95% confidence interval). The geo-statistical predictive model shows that the observed value of the filariasis prevalence and the predicted value of filariasis surface were correctly classified with statistically significant and perfectly fit on the predicted surface of the filariasis risk zones. The geostatistical analysis was applied for establishing the spatial autocorrelation between the geo-climatic variables and the surface map of predicted filariasis risk zone which is statistically significant with 72.3% accuracy. The predicted map of filariasis transmission risk zone is useful for decision making and choosing the appropriate control strategy for implementing the filariasis control program in India where the filariasis transmission risk is high and moderate.

Background: Indian sub-continent has not only wealthy landscapes environment to support huge popu... more Background: Indian sub-continent has not only wealthy landscapes environment to support huge population, but also has big challenging problems of vector borne disease epidemics across the country. India has become host for all kinds of virus of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and JE, and also endemic host for filariasis parasites. The integrated hybrid techniques of remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are used to map the spatial variation of the vector biodiversity, vector abundance, and the active infection state of vector borne disease transmission, and surveillance towards the epidemic control and management. Materials and Methods: The Indian IRS satellite data was used to mapping the use/ land cover of metropolitan study area, and was used to mapping of Malaria and JE Vector Mosquito Breeding Habitats. The mosquito potential breeding surface of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, JE and filariasis was calculated for the each ward and which was mapped with graduated colors. The Arc View 3.2, Ar...

Journal of Geophysics & Remote Sensing, 2014

Journal of vector borne diseases, 2012

There have been several attempts made to the appreciation of remote sensing and GIS for the study... more There have been several attempts made to the appreciation of remote sensing and GIS for the study of vectors, biodiversity, vector presence, vector abundance and the vector-borne diseases with respect to space and time. This study was made for reviewing and appraising the potential use of remote sensing and GIS applications for spatial prediction of vector-borne diseases transmission. The nature of the presence and the abundance of vectors and vector-borne diseases, disease infection and the disease transmission are not ubiquitous and are confined with geographical, environmental and climatic factors, and are localized. The presence of vectors and vector-borne diseases is most complex in nature, however, it is confined and fueled by the geographical, climatic and environmental factors including man-made factors. The usefulness of the present day availability of the information derived from the satellite data including vegetation indices of canopy cover and its density, soil types, s...

Journal of Geophysics & Remote Sensing, 2014

Background: The Indian sub-continent is prone to the occurrences of chronic Visceral Leishmaniasi... more Background: The Indian sub-continent is prone to the occurrences of chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or Kalaazar, and geographical distribution of disease is endemic in the states of Bihar,

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 1997

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2024

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International , 2024

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 2000

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2021

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2014

Journal of Geophysics & Remote Sensing, 2014

Journal of vector borne diseases, 2012

Journal of Geophysics & Remote Sensing, 2014

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 1997

Bharathidasan University, 2019

THESIS SUMMARY Background: The Indian sub-continent has not only wealthy landscapes environment t... more THESIS SUMMARY
Background: The Indian sub-continent has not only wealthy landscapes environment to support huge population, but also has big challenging problems of vector borne disease epidemics across the country. India has become host for all kinds of virus of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and JE, and also endemic host for filariasis parasites. The burden of vector borne disease is increasing day by day; and therefore, the both intervention measures of both mosquito vector control and the treatment to prevent the disease transmission through the appropriate control strategy in most efficient way. The implementation of conventional method of vector control in the field has significant effect, however, the problem is not manageable and it has been increased steadily. Therefore, the present study is designed for choosing the remote sensing and GIS for mapping the geographical distribution of vector borne diseases, and to study the environmental aspects of the vector borne diseases for 6 decades in India, and a geo-spatial analysis to study the both vector ecology and disease epidemics, and hence, to arrive the probability of spatial prediction of vector borne disease transmission risk in India.
Materials and Methods: The present study is designed for digital mapping of vector borne disease prevalence in the country for the past 58 years (1955 to 2012). The Remote sensing and GIS has been significantly developed for ecological modeling with special emphasis on vectors and vector borne disease epidemics. The Arc View 3.2, Arc View Spatial analysis and Arc View image analyst, GIS software used to create a systematic grid sampling method for conducting the reconnaissance survey and mapping mosquito breeding surface maps. GARMIN 12XL GPS was used to collect the mosquito reconnaissance survey for mosquito vectors in the city. A systematic grid sampling was applied to conduct a rapid survey for mapping Aedes species mosquitogenic condition in the urban areas and the site coordinates of houses information with breeding habitats positive in the grid sectors was collected using GPS. The Indian satellite data (IRS LISS-II, and LISS-III) was used to mapping the use/ land cover of metropolitan area, mapping of mosquitogenic condition, and linked with vector borne disease epidemic transmission. The Indian remote sensing IRS LISS-I, data and IRS WiFS remote sensing data was analyzed, using the maximum likelihood classification for land use land cover classification, and mapping of potential breeding habits of Malaria and JE vectors in India. The mosquito potential breeding surface of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, JE and filariasis was calculated for the each ward and which was mapped with graduated colors.
Result and Discussion: The image classification of the spectral signature of the satellite data imported in to the GIS platform to create the buffer zones of the average adult mosquito flight range of 2.5 km radius around the breeding habitats for mapping the breeding habitats and describing the areas at risk of disease transmission. Land use / land cover dynamics, urban sprawl and irregular growth of urban development and industrial growths are fueled to the development of suitable environment fuelling for malaria, JE, and dengue epidemics and also providing conducing environment for malaria and filariasis endemic. The coefficient model of rainfall and temperature with the mosquito abundance are highly correlated with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and it is useful in the estimation of mosquito larval abundance and used to predict adult abundance 7 days in advance and also estimating Anopheline malaria vector mosquito abundance in the mosquito habitats of rice fields using remote sensing spectral signatures. The results of logistic regression model provides the spatial agreement between the observed and predicted values of larval index within a buffer around the trap location of rice fields which suitable for vector breeding of malaria and JE. Discriminant analysis could able to correctly distinguish between villages with high and low vector abundance, with an overall accuracy of 90%. Regression results found both transitional swamp and unmanaged pasture proportions to be predictive of vector abundance during the wet season. The virtual GPS under the GIS umbrella was used to conduct a rapid survey with 0.5km distance interval (grid sampling procedures) for assessing the mosquitogenic condition and for mapping the sectors positives for dengue and chikungunya vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti or Ae. albopictus) breeding habitats (water storage vessels, plastic and cement containers, tires, plastic cups, coconut cells, tree holes, flower vessels, fridge, stone grinder, etc.,) with accurate site specifications, and the mean value of positive habitats was analyzed by quintiles method for mapping the field situation. The remote sensing data was used for landscape determinants of anopheline mosquito larval habitats. Since, the range of monsoon temperature and the relative humidity has the good agreement with the profusion of mosquito’s vector breeding with respect to space and time. The vegetation indices have the distinctiveness of high sensitivity to soil background, which alters the local environment to vector abundance (sand fly, the vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis / Kala-azar) and disease transmission. Climate and soil types have been progressively affect the vegetation growth and density, and then the conditions on the surrounding environment. Geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing were used to identify important geographical risk factors and stratify a region into different areas of transmission risk, thereby providing a guideline to mapping the areas under the risk of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in India. The present study shows that spatial agreement was existed between the environmental variables and the vector borne disease epidemic transmission, and thus, the remote sensing and GIS tool has been used to mapping disease transmission risk zones.
Conclusion: The integrated hybrid remote sensing and GIS techniques was used to mapping the vector breeding potential areas vulnerable to risk of disease transmission and is provided the possible information on reliable estimates of and mapping of malaria, filariasis, JE, and dengue vector breeding habitats, and facilitate to estimate the people at risk of vector borne disease transmission. And perhaps, provides the disease epidemiological information along with geo-coordinates of site specific combined with multispectral satellite data of land use / land cover. It is concluded that remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are effectively useful to identify, delineate and mapping of vector mosquitoes potential breeding surface areas and studying the mosquitogenic conditions in the urban agglomeration, and used to control and management of the vector borne disease transmission, perhaps, may also be GIS based surveillance is the best solution for epidemic control and management of the present situation epidemic in the country.

Vector borne diseases are caused by pathogens and parasites especially in human populations that ... more Vector borne diseases are caused by pathogens and parasites especially in human populations that are spread by arthropod insects. The prevalence of vector-borne diseases contribute one-sixth of the illness and disability worldwide, specially, imposes large economic burden and casualty in the world, and has been increasing public health important, especially, challenging problems in more than 100 tropical countries and being affects more than 50% of the population in the world. Vector borne disease epidemics have become major challenging problems in India. The study of environmental aspects in relation to occurrences of vector borne disease epidemics provides the indicators to stratification of probability of transmission risk. Gaining the preeminent understanding of the spatial aspects of vector borne disease transmission, vector ecology, vector breeding habitats, and the occurrences of vector borne disease epidemics in different part of the country through mapping, monitoring and surveillance of the epidemics; towards the achievements of disease transmission control and management, using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) is the reliable, accurate, cost effective, and most productively significant scientific methods. The hybrid techniques of remote sensing and GIS are being used to rapid assessment and epidemiological mapping of the vector borne diseases, and to mapping the geographical distribution and the seasonal variations of the vector species, thus provides the relevant information to understanding the geographical variation of the vector biodiversity, vector ecology, vector abundance, and the active infection state of the longitudinal diffusion of vector borne disease transmission. The integrated remote sensing and GPS under the umbrella of GIS are being used for systematic vector surveillance periodically and mapping and updates of epidemiological information for the last 3 decades, and therefore, it provides the detailed information relevant to the disease epidemiology along with geo-coordinates of site specification. Subsequently, the information relevant to the bio-geo environmental variables in relation to the occurrences of vector borne diseases provides the epidemic transmission risk, accordingly, the programmers and health controlling authority move forward to assess the community at risk of disease infection in different parts of the country, and thus, datum of guidelines to apply suitable prevent measures to control the epidemic transmission early in advance, make sure the sustainable health at the grass root block level in the nation.

Mahi Publication, Nov 25, 2021

He has acquired 25 years research experience in the field of Geographical Analysis of infectious ... more He has acquired 25 years research experience in the field of Geographical Analysis of infectious diseases and has mainly focussed on land use / land cover studies, urban sprawl, urban agglomeration, urban transition and human health. His research interest area subjects are Urban land use /land cover dynamics and planning, Health Geography, Spatial Epidemiology, Quantitative and Qualitative Techniques in Geography, Remote Sensing and Applied GIS, Critical Cartography, Geovisualization, Spatial Analysis, Geospatial and Ecological Niche Modelling, Big Data analysis, Remote Sensing and GIS applications to Environmental Studies, and the ecology of infectious tropical diseases, socioeconomic inequality and health, and prediction of the communicable disease transmission risk and vulnerability.He has been awarded a earned Ph.D., research degree in Geography specialisation in Health Geography /Environmental Epidemiology, and the research dissertation has mainly focus on "A geo-spatial analysis of vector borne disease transmission and the environment, using Remote Sensing and GIS" (