Dieter Meissner | Tallinn University of Technology (original) (raw)
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Papers by Dieter Meissner
2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference, 2006
Nanocomposite solar cells will play a key role in the rapidly developing area of organic solar ce... more Nanocomposite solar cells will play a key role in the rapidly developing area of organic solar cells due to the possibility of low cost technology. Now there is much emphasis placed on the development of suitable materials for these applications which is the subject of our scientific effort. For realizing hybrid solar cells we used a mixture of CuInS2 nanoparticles (produced in a colloidal synthesis and stabilized with triphenyl phosphite (TPP)) and MEH-PPV (2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene). Thin layers of ITO (indium tin oxide) and calcium/aluminium were used as electrodes. Because of the strong influence of the morphology of the active layer they were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electric properties of these devices were investigated by current/voltage-characterization under dark conditions and illumination
More than 50 years ago a first patent was granted to utilize powder materials for solar cell prod... more More than 50 years ago a first patent was granted to utilize powder materials for solar cell production [1] submitted by Hoffman Electronics Ltd., the very first company ever selling photovoltaic modules. Different approaches mainly focusing on silicon crystals or spheres have been tried in the past of which as yet only Philips´/Volvo’s CdS Monograin Membrane Photoconductors (in the 1980's and 1990's) and Kyosemi’s Sphelar (Mini) Modules (recently) made it to the market. Our own groups in Germany/Austria and in Tallinn have been working with Monograin Membrane Solar Cells based on Philips company´s technology also already since more than 30 years, first using CdS, CdSe and CdTe, for about ten years with CIS and CIGS and since about 6 years now with the new copper zinc tin (sulfo) selenides, CZTS.
2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference, 2006
Hybrid solar cells consist of electroactive polymers and semiconducting nanoparticles. They will ... more Hybrid solar cells consist of electroactive polymers and semiconducting nanoparticles. They will become very important for various applications in the nearer future. Their big advantages are the cheap production, the low demand on material and their flexibility. In this work, the behaviour of CdSe-nanodots in combination with new polymers was investigated. For all experiments the promising bulk heterojunction technique was
Synthetic Metals, 2003
In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of hot wall epitaxially grown para-sexiphenyl films ... more In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of hot wall epitaxially grown para-sexiphenyl films for light emitting diodes and PSP/C 60 bi-layer structures for photovoltaic cells. Para-sexiphenyl films display blue electroluminescence, which shows a spectrum coinciding with its photoluminescence. Photovoltaic devices are also fabricated and their external quantum and power conversion efficiencies are presented and discussed.
Solar Energy, 2010
The temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill facto... more The temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and relative efficiency of monograin Cu2ZnSn(SexS1−x)4 solar cell was measured. The light intensity was varied from 2.2 to 100mW/cm2 and temperatures were in the range of T=175–300K. With a light intensity of 100mW/cm2dVoc/dT was determined to be −1.91mV/K and the dominating recombination process at temperatures close to
Physica Scripta, 1997
The preparation of CdTe single-crystalline monodisperse powders in cadmium chloride flux modified... more The preparation of CdTe single-crystalline monodisperse powders in cadmium chloride flux modified by adding elemental tellurium was studied for production different particle sizes (30-300~). The growth of monograin powders was carried out in isothermal conditions in closed evacuated ampoules. It was found that at lower temperatures (500-650 "C) after maintaining the equilibrium conditions primary crystals grow mainly by deposition of material from saturated solution onto smooth surfaces of crystals. In higher temperature region (700-800 "C) there occurs remarkable sintering of particles and grains loose their round shape. The activation energy for volume growth My,, = 0.9eV was found. Te in flux was found to prevent the formation of aggregates through sintering and to increase the crystal growth velocity.
Optical Materials, 1998
N,N′-Dimethyl perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor ... more N,N′-Dimethyl perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor deposition technique. The photogeneration and recombination of singlet and triplet excitons were characterized, utilizing absorption, PL and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The results suggest the creation of molecular dimers, which gives rise to the creation of split singlet exciton states and enhancement of population in the triplet exciton state.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1991
An r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition apparatus for the preparation of doped hydroge... more An r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition apparatus for the preparation of doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films built at the Institut ffir Solarenergieforschung is presented. Undoped samples of a-C: H prepared in this reactor and nitrogen-doped samples prepared in a similar reactor under similar conditions at the Battelle Institute were investigated. They showed a fieldstrength-and time-dependent conductivity. Measurements on a doped specimen between 100 and 280 K revealed a temperature dependence of the conductivity which is consistent with hopping models. The aim of these investigations is to understand film growth and electrical conduction mechanisms with respect to solar energy conversion applications.
Chemical Physics Letters, 1983
... light excitation. Ac i.oidingh . ilic yield ofih sliould be extremely small. In order to ... ... more ... light excitation. Ac i.oidingh . ilic yield ofih sliould be extremely small. In order to ... 6], respectively. Tlie photoelectrolysis cell consists of two com partments separated by the CdSmonograin mem brane. Electrolytic contact between ...
17th European …, 2001
First attempts were made to combine classical inorganic photovoltaic materials based on the chalc... more First attempts were made to combine classical inorganic photovoltaic materials based on the chalcogenides CuInSe2 and CuInS2 with the plasic solar cell polymers MDMO-PPV and P3HT to form bulk heterojunction solar cells. Whereas the synthesis of CuInSe2 did not ...
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2002
In this work we use atomic force microscopy to study the early growth stages of para-sexiphenyl (... more In this work we use atomic force microscopy to study the early growth stages of para-sexiphenyl (PSP) films grown on mica by Hot Wall Epitaxy. It is shown that self-organization of PSP molecules occurs during the growth controlled mainly by the substrate temperature and deposition time. In addition X-ray diffraction measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation. These measurements confirmed very high crystalline quality of the grown films.
2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2017
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998
N,N′-Dimethylperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor de... more N,N′-Dimethylperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor deposition technique. The photogeneration and radiative singlet and nonradiative triplet exciton recombination were characterized, utilizing absorption, photoluminescence, and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The results suggest the creation of molecular dimers or larger aggregates. The latter effect gives rise to the creation of split singlet exciton states and enhancement of population in the monomer triplet exciton state. The theoretical simulation of the ODMR signal suggests that the dimers are partially oriented with respect to the substrate. They are distributed around the parallel configuration, with a tilt angle of (36°.
L'invention concerne un composant presentant une premiere couche (30) constituee essentiellem... more L'invention concerne un composant presentant une premiere couche (30) constituee essentiellement d'un premier materiau, une deuxieme couche (60) constituee essentiellement d'un deuxieme materiau, et au moins une couche intermediaire (40, 50) placee entre la premiere couche (30) et la deuxieme couche (60). Selon l'invention, ce composant est concu de sorte que la couche intermediaire (40, 50) contient le premier et/ou le deuxieme materiau, et de sorte qu'au moins une substance, en solution colloidale dans la couche intermediaire (40, 50), presente une conductibilite differente de celle du premier ou du deuxieme materiau.
At previous EU-PVSEC conferences an innovative technology for making photovoltaic foils was prese... more At previous EU-PVSEC conferences an innovative technology for making photovoltaic foils was presented which is based on quaternary CZTS (copper zinc tin sulfide) semiconductor powder. In order to accelerate the development of a high speed roll-to-roll production process a cooperation project of several partners from academia and industry was launched in 2014. The overall aim of the project is the demonstration of a technology that allows producing flexible photovoltaic films made of abundant, non-toxic and highly stable material at a web speed of 40 m/min. For this purpose certain technological challenges needs to be tackled such as the development of a printing process which allows for the high speed deposition of a CTZS crystal mono-layer and the metallization in a roll-to-roll process. Furthermore the rear-side opening for contact formation requires a precise and fast "polishing" process of the polymer-semiconductor membrane preferably by a laser ablation process. Finally a process for depositing the TCO front side contact by non-vacuum techniques is developed. The current contribution describes the specification and definition phase of the processes to be used and highlights first successful proof-of-concept experiments. These results constitute important milestones towards the development of a high speed roll-to-roll process, which will enable the production of flexible PV films with a web speed of about 40 m/min and at production costs levels of about 0.30 €/Wp in a mass manufacturing scenario.
Thin Solid Films, 2018
For a successful industrial implementation of Kesterites Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1-x) 4 (CZTSSe) as semi... more For a successful industrial implementation of Kesterites Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1-x) 4 (CZTSSe) as semiconductor materials for photovoltaics, the long-term stability of the materials and their devices is a key parameter next to efficiency and production costs. Although much research has been conducted on CZTSSe in recent years, the processes leading to degradation are still largely unknown. Hence in this paper we analyze the main degradation processes and their causes as well as how they affect the performance of photovoltaic devices. A temporary CZTSSe-back contact interface barrier and a longterm increase of the front contact resistance and recombination mainly at the cadmium sulfide buffer layer contact of photovoltaic devices is investigated. Copper diffusion in CZTSSe is suggested to be one of the reasons for the change in resistance and recombination and thus for the deterioration of solar cell parameters during degradation or ageing.
In this brief paper we present some results regarding our study of the wall temperature of MT-SOF... more In this brief paper we present some results regarding our study of the wall temperature of MT-SOFCs with the use of a thermal camera and investigate the use of some other methods of temperature measurement that can be applied to MT-SOFCs that can aid in simulation validation.
2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference, 2006
Nanocomposite solar cells will play a key role in the rapidly developing area of organic solar ce... more Nanocomposite solar cells will play a key role in the rapidly developing area of organic solar cells due to the possibility of low cost technology. Now there is much emphasis placed on the development of suitable materials for these applications which is the subject of our scientific effort. For realizing hybrid solar cells we used a mixture of CuInS2 nanoparticles (produced in a colloidal synthesis and stabilized with triphenyl phosphite (TPP)) and MEH-PPV (2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene). Thin layers of ITO (indium tin oxide) and calcium/aluminium were used as electrodes. Because of the strong influence of the morphology of the active layer they were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electric properties of these devices were investigated by current/voltage-characterization under dark conditions and illumination
More than 50 years ago a first patent was granted to utilize powder materials for solar cell prod... more More than 50 years ago a first patent was granted to utilize powder materials for solar cell production [1] submitted by Hoffman Electronics Ltd., the very first company ever selling photovoltaic modules. Different approaches mainly focusing on silicon crystals or spheres have been tried in the past of which as yet only Philips´/Volvo’s CdS Monograin Membrane Photoconductors (in the 1980's and 1990's) and Kyosemi’s Sphelar (Mini) Modules (recently) made it to the market. Our own groups in Germany/Austria and in Tallinn have been working with Monograin Membrane Solar Cells based on Philips company´s technology also already since more than 30 years, first using CdS, CdSe and CdTe, for about ten years with CIS and CIGS and since about 6 years now with the new copper zinc tin (sulfo) selenides, CZTS.
2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference, 2006
Hybrid solar cells consist of electroactive polymers and semiconducting nanoparticles. They will ... more Hybrid solar cells consist of electroactive polymers and semiconducting nanoparticles. They will become very important for various applications in the nearer future. Their big advantages are the cheap production, the low demand on material and their flexibility. In this work, the behaviour of CdSe-nanodots in combination with new polymers was investigated. For all experiments the promising bulk heterojunction technique was
Synthetic Metals, 2003
In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of hot wall epitaxially grown para-sexiphenyl films ... more In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of hot wall epitaxially grown para-sexiphenyl films for light emitting diodes and PSP/C 60 bi-layer structures for photovoltaic cells. Para-sexiphenyl films display blue electroluminescence, which shows a spectrum coinciding with its photoluminescence. Photovoltaic devices are also fabricated and their external quantum and power conversion efficiencies are presented and discussed.
Solar Energy, 2010
The temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill facto... more The temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and relative efficiency of monograin Cu2ZnSn(SexS1−x)4 solar cell was measured. The light intensity was varied from 2.2 to 100mW/cm2 and temperatures were in the range of T=175–300K. With a light intensity of 100mW/cm2dVoc/dT was determined to be −1.91mV/K and the dominating recombination process at temperatures close to
Physica Scripta, 1997
The preparation of CdTe single-crystalline monodisperse powders in cadmium chloride flux modified... more The preparation of CdTe single-crystalline monodisperse powders in cadmium chloride flux modified by adding elemental tellurium was studied for production different particle sizes (30-300~). The growth of monograin powders was carried out in isothermal conditions in closed evacuated ampoules. It was found that at lower temperatures (500-650 "C) after maintaining the equilibrium conditions primary crystals grow mainly by deposition of material from saturated solution onto smooth surfaces of crystals. In higher temperature region (700-800 "C) there occurs remarkable sintering of particles and grains loose their round shape. The activation energy for volume growth My,, = 0.9eV was found. Te in flux was found to prevent the formation of aggregates through sintering and to increase the crystal growth velocity.
Optical Materials, 1998
N,N′-Dimethyl perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor ... more N,N′-Dimethyl perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor deposition technique. The photogeneration and recombination of singlet and triplet excitons were characterized, utilizing absorption, PL and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The results suggest the creation of molecular dimers, which gives rise to the creation of split singlet exciton states and enhancement of population in the triplet exciton state.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1991
An r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition apparatus for the preparation of doped hydroge... more An r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition apparatus for the preparation of doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films built at the Institut ffir Solarenergieforschung is presented. Undoped samples of a-C: H prepared in this reactor and nitrogen-doped samples prepared in a similar reactor under similar conditions at the Battelle Institute were investigated. They showed a fieldstrength-and time-dependent conductivity. Measurements on a doped specimen between 100 and 280 K revealed a temperature dependence of the conductivity which is consistent with hopping models. The aim of these investigations is to understand film growth and electrical conduction mechanisms with respect to solar energy conversion applications.
Chemical Physics Letters, 1983
... light excitation. Ac i.oidingh . ilic yield ofih sliould be extremely small. In order to ... ... more ... light excitation. Ac i.oidingh . ilic yield ofih sliould be extremely small. In order to ... 6], respectively. Tlie photoelectrolysis cell consists of two com partments separated by the CdSmonograin mem brane. Electrolytic contact between ...
17th European …, 2001
First attempts were made to combine classical inorganic photovoltaic materials based on the chalc... more First attempts were made to combine classical inorganic photovoltaic materials based on the chalcogenides CuInSe2 and CuInS2 with the plasic solar cell polymers MDMO-PPV and P3HT to form bulk heterojunction solar cells. Whereas the synthesis of CuInSe2 did not ...
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2002
In this work we use atomic force microscopy to study the early growth stages of para-sexiphenyl (... more In this work we use atomic force microscopy to study the early growth stages of para-sexiphenyl (PSP) films grown on mica by Hot Wall Epitaxy. It is shown that self-organization of PSP molecules occurs during the growth controlled mainly by the substrate temperature and deposition time. In addition X-ray diffraction measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation. These measurements confirmed very high crystalline quality of the grown films.
2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2017
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998
N,N′-Dimethylperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor de... more N,N′-Dimethylperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI) thin films were prepared by vapor deposition technique. The photogeneration and radiative singlet and nonradiative triplet exciton recombination were characterized, utilizing absorption, photoluminescence, and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The results suggest the creation of molecular dimers or larger aggregates. The latter effect gives rise to the creation of split singlet exciton states and enhancement of population in the monomer triplet exciton state. The theoretical simulation of the ODMR signal suggests that the dimers are partially oriented with respect to the substrate. They are distributed around the parallel configuration, with a tilt angle of (36°.
L'invention concerne un composant presentant une premiere couche (30) constituee essentiellem... more L'invention concerne un composant presentant une premiere couche (30) constituee essentiellement d'un premier materiau, une deuxieme couche (60) constituee essentiellement d'un deuxieme materiau, et au moins une couche intermediaire (40, 50) placee entre la premiere couche (30) et la deuxieme couche (60). Selon l'invention, ce composant est concu de sorte que la couche intermediaire (40, 50) contient le premier et/ou le deuxieme materiau, et de sorte qu'au moins une substance, en solution colloidale dans la couche intermediaire (40, 50), presente une conductibilite differente de celle du premier ou du deuxieme materiau.
At previous EU-PVSEC conferences an innovative technology for making photovoltaic foils was prese... more At previous EU-PVSEC conferences an innovative technology for making photovoltaic foils was presented which is based on quaternary CZTS (copper zinc tin sulfide) semiconductor powder. In order to accelerate the development of a high speed roll-to-roll production process a cooperation project of several partners from academia and industry was launched in 2014. The overall aim of the project is the demonstration of a technology that allows producing flexible photovoltaic films made of abundant, non-toxic and highly stable material at a web speed of 40 m/min. For this purpose certain technological challenges needs to be tackled such as the development of a printing process which allows for the high speed deposition of a CTZS crystal mono-layer and the metallization in a roll-to-roll process. Furthermore the rear-side opening for contact formation requires a precise and fast "polishing" process of the polymer-semiconductor membrane preferably by a laser ablation process. Finally a process for depositing the TCO front side contact by non-vacuum techniques is developed. The current contribution describes the specification and definition phase of the processes to be used and highlights first successful proof-of-concept experiments. These results constitute important milestones towards the development of a high speed roll-to-roll process, which will enable the production of flexible PV films with a web speed of about 40 m/min and at production costs levels of about 0.30 €/Wp in a mass manufacturing scenario.
Thin Solid Films, 2018
For a successful industrial implementation of Kesterites Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1-x) 4 (CZTSSe) as semi... more For a successful industrial implementation of Kesterites Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1-x) 4 (CZTSSe) as semiconductor materials for photovoltaics, the long-term stability of the materials and their devices is a key parameter next to efficiency and production costs. Although much research has been conducted on CZTSSe in recent years, the processes leading to degradation are still largely unknown. Hence in this paper we analyze the main degradation processes and their causes as well as how they affect the performance of photovoltaic devices. A temporary CZTSSe-back contact interface barrier and a longterm increase of the front contact resistance and recombination mainly at the cadmium sulfide buffer layer contact of photovoltaic devices is investigated. Copper diffusion in CZTSSe is suggested to be one of the reasons for the change in resistance and recombination and thus for the deterioration of solar cell parameters during degradation or ageing.
In this brief paper we present some results regarding our study of the wall temperature of MT-SOF... more In this brief paper we present some results regarding our study of the wall temperature of MT-SOFCs with the use of a thermal camera and investigate the use of some other methods of temperature measurement that can be applied to MT-SOFCs that can aid in simulation validation.