Jantien Stoter | Delft University of Technology (original) (raw)
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Papers by Jantien Stoter
ABSTRACT One solution to the integration of additional characteristics, for example, time and sca... more ABSTRACT One solution to the integration of additional characteristics, for example, time and scale, into GIS data sets is to model them as extra geometric dimensions perpendicular to the spatial ones, creating a higher-dimensional model. While this approach has been previously described and advocated, it is scarcely used in practice because of a lack of high-level construction algorithms and accompanying implementations. We present in this paper a dimension-independent extrusion algorithm permitting us to construct from any (n-1)-dimensional linear cell complex represented as a generalised map, an n-dimensional one by assigning to each (n-1)-cell one or more intervals where it exists along the nth dimension. We have implemented the algorithm in C++11 using CGAL, made the source code publicly available and tested it in experiments using real-world 2D GIS data sets which were extruded to construct up to 5D models.
ABSTRACT The world is (at least) three dimensional in our perception although when it comes to re... more ABSTRACT The world is (at least) three dimensional in our perception although when it comes to representation we have become used to the simplification of the ‘reality’ into two dimensions (2D). Most situations in a cadastre can be represented in 2D on a map without that this representation causes too many uncertainties or queries. However, with current developments in architecture, registration of apartment rights and underground cables and pipelines the representation of real estate objects in 2D is often no longer adequate in representing unambiguously the ‘reality’ (Figure 1). In the case of apartment rights a three dimensional drawing is sometimes provided to furnish an idea where in the building these rights are located. Modern technologies, however, allow us increasingly to represent the ‘reality’ in three dimensions (3D). Technologies for creating and managing 3D geoinformation have matured while costs for such information and 3D-tools have significantly decreased. These tools enable us to represent the ‘reality’ in an improved manner. Ongoing developments will allow us to represent the ‘reality’ in future even in 4D (including time) (Van Oosterom et al. 2006) and 5D (including time and scale dimensions) (Van Oosterom and Stoter 2010).
ABSTRACT Three-dimensional technologies have matured over the years. At the same time, 3D informa... more ABSTRACT Three-dimensional technologies have matured over the years. At the same time, 3D information is becoming increasingly important in many applications. Still it is not straightforward to apply the solutions that work on prototypes, small areas or for specific projects to 3D modeling of a whole nation. In the Netherlands, two initiatives are ongoing to address the issues of nation-wide 3D modeling. First, the initiative that aims at establishing and implementing a national 3D standard for large-scale topography with support of all stakeholders. Collecting and maintaining the large-scale data are the responsibility of local governments (mainly municipalities). The second initiative is led by the Kadaster (the organization responsible for topographic mapping in the Netherlands) and aims at automatically generating a 3D version of the 1:10 k object-oriented data-set based on a smart combination of the two-dimensional data with high-resolution laser data. Both initiatives are presented in this paper including results, open issues, and future plans.
ABSTRACT This paper presents a first-order representation to formalize cartographic constraints f... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a first-order representation to formalize cartographic constraints for automated quality evaluation of multi-scale data. Formalizing constraints for cartographic applications is a challenging task. It requires precise definition of entities, spatial and semantic relationships for individuals, groups and classes of objects, and their (intra-/inter-scale) relationships. Also constraints defining the visual presentation of the same entities can be different depending on the scale and context. This paper categorizes and formalizes different types of information needed for the quality evaluation, based on which cartographic constraints are formalized. The formalism is demonstrated by applying it to group features such as networks and alignments, and finally to constraints of different levels of complexity. We show the potential of the proposed formalism and discuss possibilities for further development.
ABSTRACT One solution to the integration of additional characteristics, for example, time and sca... more ABSTRACT One solution to the integration of additional characteristics, for example, time and scale, into GIS data sets is to model them as extra geometric dimensions perpendicular to the spatial ones, creating a higher-dimensional model. While this approach has been previously described and advocated, it is scarcely used in practice because of a lack of high-level construction algorithms and accompanying implementations. We present in this paper a dimension-independent extrusion algorithm permitting us to construct from any (n-1)-dimensional linear cell complex represented as a generalised map, an n-dimensional one by assigning to each (n-1)-cell one or more intervals where it exists along the nth dimension. We have implemented the algorithm in C++11 using CGAL, made the source code publicly available and tested it in experiments using real-world 2D GIS data sets which were extruded to construct up to 5D models.
ABSTRACT The world is (at least) three dimensional in our perception although when it comes to re... more ABSTRACT The world is (at least) three dimensional in our perception although when it comes to representation we have become used to the simplification of the ‘reality’ into two dimensions (2D). Most situations in a cadastre can be represented in 2D on a map without that this representation causes too many uncertainties or queries. However, with current developments in architecture, registration of apartment rights and underground cables and pipelines the representation of real estate objects in 2D is often no longer adequate in representing unambiguously the ‘reality’ (Figure 1). In the case of apartment rights a three dimensional drawing is sometimes provided to furnish an idea where in the building these rights are located. Modern technologies, however, allow us increasingly to represent the ‘reality’ in three dimensions (3D). Technologies for creating and managing 3D geoinformation have matured while costs for such information and 3D-tools have significantly decreased. These tools enable us to represent the ‘reality’ in an improved manner. Ongoing developments will allow us to represent the ‘reality’ in future even in 4D (including time) (Van Oosterom et al. 2006) and 5D (including time and scale dimensions) (Van Oosterom and Stoter 2010).
ABSTRACT Three-dimensional technologies have matured over the years. At the same time, 3D informa... more ABSTRACT Three-dimensional technologies have matured over the years. At the same time, 3D information is becoming increasingly important in many applications. Still it is not straightforward to apply the solutions that work on prototypes, small areas or for specific projects to 3D modeling of a whole nation. In the Netherlands, two initiatives are ongoing to address the issues of nation-wide 3D modeling. First, the initiative that aims at establishing and implementing a national 3D standard for large-scale topography with support of all stakeholders. Collecting and maintaining the large-scale data are the responsibility of local governments (mainly municipalities). The second initiative is led by the Kadaster (the organization responsible for topographic mapping in the Netherlands) and aims at automatically generating a 3D version of the 1:10 k object-oriented data-set based on a smart combination of the two-dimensional data with high-resolution laser data. Both initiatives are presented in this paper including results, open issues, and future plans.
ABSTRACT This paper presents a first-order representation to formalize cartographic constraints f... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a first-order representation to formalize cartographic constraints for automated quality evaluation of multi-scale data. Formalizing constraints for cartographic applications is a challenging task. It requires precise definition of entities, spatial and semantic relationships for individuals, groups and classes of objects, and their (intra-/inter-scale) relationships. Also constraints defining the visual presentation of the same entities can be different depending on the scale and context. This paper categorizes and formalizes different types of information needed for the quality evaluation, based on which cartographic constraints are formalized. The formalism is demonstrated by applying it to group features such as networks and alignments, and finally to constraints of different levels of complexity. We show the potential of the proposed formalism and discuss possibilities for further development.
