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Papers by Martin de Jong

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Jul 30, 2009

Tables 3.1 Breeding grounds for strategic behaviour 37 5.1 Diff erences between bilateral and Ope... more Tables 3.1 Breeding grounds for strategic behaviour 37 5.1 Diff erences between bilateral and Open Skies Agreements 61 5.2 United States 71 5.3 European Commission 72 5.4 Government of United Kingdom 72 5.5 British Airways and Virgin Atlantic 72 6.1 Changes in California's electricity industry structure as a result of restructuring 77 6.2 California PX day-ahead prices 81 6.3 Total costs of California's electricity market 82 6.4 Overview of Enron strategies described in various investigations 85 6

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Jul 30, 2009

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology

Journal of Cleaner Production

For many islands, the answer to the question “why a locally, self-sustaining, and regenerative ec... more For many islands, the answer to the question “why a locally, self-sustaining, and regenerative economy is needed?” is clear. The struggle often lies in the “how”. Here, we argue that tools from regenerative economics, which follow an island economy-as-an-organism analogy, offer valuable and complementary insights to socio-metabolic research. Indicators from flow-based and information-based ecological network analysis can quantify properties of an island’s socio-economic metabolism (SEM) which are related to cycling, resilience, and degree of mutualism, among others. To illustrate the applicability of these methods, we select Samothraki in Greece as a case study. Results show that over the years the island became very efficient in streamlining imported resources, experiencing physical growth as indicated by a substantial increase in its total material throughput. This growth was attributed to a high degree of order (i.e., network efficiency) endowed by the constraining (ordered) part of the linear structure of the island’s SEM. The disordered part of its SEM which is related to resilience, played a much smaller role which became progressively more important over the years, albeit to a limited degree. While the island exhibits an increasing trend in its robustness, its value over the years studied was well below what is typically observed for healthy natural ecosystems, and its current SEM has a very low ability to generate internal flow activity and cycling of resources per unit input. This limited robustness is due to the island’s dependency on imports but also due to its linear SEM which had a very small number of feedback loops in its network. A scenario analysis showed that a reticulated network structure would theoretically endow the island with increased resilience, and hence robustness, by allowing for more internal resource flow activity to be circulated as regenerative re-investment. This article highlights that methods from regenerative economics can be used as diagnostic tools to assess and monitor the impact of strategies related to circular economy interventions on network properties, and to illuminate their effect on the regenerative potential of islands.

Sustainable Production and Consumption

In response to the mounting environmental problems the circular economy (CE) has become a popular... more In response to the mounting environmental problems the circular economy (CE) has become a popular policy concept to achieve sustainable production and consumption goals (SDG12). In line with this China's national government has issued and implemented a series of policies over the last fifteen years, leading to a sudden increase in the volume of CE policies. In the literature this phenomenon is referred to as 'policy accumulation', a concept which occurs when governments adopt increasingly more policy than they terminate. In the case of China, the question can be raised how CE policy accumulation has manifested. The present paper analyses policy on national policy spanning 2006-2021 and uses expert interviews to gain more insights in factors driving policy accumulation. Results show that after a stable period with limited growth (2006-2015) government issued increasing numbers of policy over 2016-2021. CE policy goals experienced a shift in focus from improving production efficiency via lowering of consumption patterns, to embracing whole life cycle thinking. CE policy instruments moved from predominantly economic instruments (2006-2015) to regulatory instruments along with accompanying communicative and network instruments (2016-2021), which indicates a move from a market and innovation policy approach to a more centralized model emphasizing hierarchical instruments. Several factors explain for CE policy accumulation: (i) a response to economic growth and environmental degradation; (ii) national government institutions, their interests and agendas; and (iii) policy learning. Implications pertain to future research critically analyzing CE policy accumulation in other contexts or in sub-domains regarding topics referring to SDG12.

Data in Brief, 2022

This data article presents a tripartite dataset that formed the empirical basis for a comprehensi... more This data article presents a tripartite dataset that formed the empirical basis for a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the use of city labels denoting sustainable urbanism in the scientific literature (Schraven, 2021). The tripartite dataset was generated using the abstract and citation database Scopus (Elsevier). Dataset A lists 148 city labels denoting different approaches to urban planning and development. It was used to select 35 city labels that specifically address sustainable urbanism (‘sustainable city’, ‘smart city’, ‘compact city’ etc.). Dataset B references 11,337 journal and review articles spanning the period 1990–2019. All retrieved articles contain at least one of the 35 city labels in the title, abstract, and author keywords. This database was used to calculate the frequency of the selected city labels across time, and to analyze the co-occurrences of city labels. It was further used to calculate the future trajectory of scientific outputs using the Logistic Growth Model (LGM). Dataset C entails 22,820 author keywords extracted from across the 11,337 articles. This was used to analyze the co-occurrences of keywords with city labels. The data article describes the methods of data collection and curation, the analysis performed, and the potential for reusing the data for further research. The comprehensiveness of the bibliometric corpus – spanning three decades and 35 city labels – lends itself to further investigation of how sustainable urban development has evolved as a topic in the scientific literature since the 1990s. Furthermore, the robust methodology developed could be adapted to other scientific repositories and, indeed, other research problems and questions.

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016

Unsustainable production and consumption patterns in China's metropolitan areas have resulted... more Unsustainable production and consumption patterns in China's metropolitan areas have resulted in an increase in the production of waste materials for which local governments have to find solutions, one of which is the construction of waste incineration power plants. These plans often meet resistance from residents who fear negative environmental impacts. This paper presents an in-depth study of how Chinese local governments responded to an environmental conflict regarding the construction of an incineration power plant in Panyu district, Guangzhou City, PRC, using a typology to identify and categorize these government responses. The empirical analysis shows that local governments engage in various new ways of dealing with these conflicts. The article aims to enhance insight into the response of Chinese local governments to these conflicts and provide building block for further research.

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries, 2009

List of fi gures vi List of tables vii Foreword viii Acknowledgements ix

Transplanting policy solutions from one country to another is most likely to succeed if those pol... more Transplanting policy solutions from one country to another is most likely to succeed if those policies come from countries that do not differ too much from the borrowing country both structurally and culturally, if their geographical and economic situation is not too different, and if the two countries face similar substantive problems for which they seek similar solutions. This chapter, from a monograph on the characteristics of an ideal Dutch decision-making system for transportation infrastructures, describes the possibility of exchanging experiences on transport infrastructure policy between The Netherlands and Denmark. The authors discuss the institutional position of the Netherlands among other countries as regards infrastructure planning; the similarities and differences between Danish and Dutch infrastructural and spatial policies; and the possibilities for Danish policy transplants for the Netherlands, including in the areas of the use of selective national guidelines, strong local financial contribution, strong financial connections and area development, and the development of a stable regional integration level. The authors conclude that for a process of institutional transplantation to be successful, at least two conditions have to be met: a clear insight into how the original is performing and an active assimilation process in the national policy arena.

Contents: Foreword 1. Introduction 2. Defining Strategic Behaviour 3. General Breeding Grounds fo... more Contents: Foreword 1. Introduction 2. Defining Strategic Behaviour 3. General Breeding Grounds for Strategic Behaviour 4. Recent Trends in Infrastructure-based Sectors 5. The EU - US 2007 Open Skies Treaty 6. Enron versus the FERC (by Mark de Bruijne) 7. American Telephone and Telegraph Company 8. UMTS Spectrum Auctions in the EU 9. Microsoft versus European Commission 10. Analysis 11. Counter-arrangements

International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 2015

Governments are increasingly opening their datasets, allowing use. Drawing on a multi-method appr... more Governments are increasingly opening their datasets, allowing use. Drawing on a multi-method approach, this paper develops a framework for identifying factors influencing the adoption of Open Government Data (OGD) by private organisations. Subsequently the framework was used to analyse five cases. The findings reveal that for private organizations to use OGD, the content and source of the data needs to be clear, a usable open data license must be present and continuity of data updates needs to be ensured. For none of the investigated private organisations OGD was key to their existence. Organisations use OGD in addition to, or as an enhancement of their core activities. As the official OGD-channels are bypassed trustworthy relationships between the data user and data provider were found to play an important role in finding and using OGD. The findings of this study can help government agencies in developing OGD-policies and stimulating OGD-use.

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Many countries are experimenting with innovative contractual arrangements for the procurement of ... more Many countries are experimenting with innovative contractual arrangements for the procurement of construction, maintenance and operation of roads. This paper aims to present a cross national comparison of the Finnish and the Dutch Model of Procurement and their respective developmental paths: from the traditional setting where many of the works were still done in-house, to the present mix of innovative practices. From the field research in these two countries a role play/social simulation has been developed. The simulation is an abstraction of the plans to change the traditional prescriptive contracts used in Periodic Maintenance, to more long term and performance oriented contracts that cover a whole road network. A generic version of the game has been built and tested with two different groups. The goal is to play the simulation with civil servants and representatives from the different actors in both countries and discuss the results with national experts. This paper presents the results from the comparison as well as some preliminary results of the social simulation. The insights from these two research activities could be of significant influence as to how the management of road infrastructure assets is organized in the future.

Sustainability, 2018

China has gone through a rapid process of urbanization, but this has come along with serious envi... more China has gone through a rapid process of urbanization, but this has come along with serious environmental problems. Therefore, it has started to develop various eco-cities, low-carbon cities, and other types of sustainable cities. The massive launch of these sustainable initiatives, as well as the higher cost of these projects, requires the Chinese government to invest large sums of money. What financial toolkits can be employed to fund this construction has become a critical issue. Against this backdrop, the authors have selected Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city (SSTEC) and Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City (ILCC) and compared how they finance their construction. Both are thus far considered to be successful cases. The results show that the two cases differ from each other in two key aspects. First, ILCC has developed a model with less financial and other supports from the Chinese central government and foreign governments than SSTEC, and, hence, may be more valuable as a sour...

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Jul 30, 2009

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology

Journal of Cleaner Production

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Data in Brief, 2022

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries, 2009

List of fi gures vi List of tables vii Foreword viii Acknowledgements ix

International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 2015

Strategic Behaviour in Network Industries

Sustainability, 2018

Over the last few decades, China has seen a steep rise in diverse eco city and low carbon city po... more Over the last few decades, China has seen a steep rise in diverse eco city and low carbon city policies. Recently, attention has begun to focus on the perceived shortcomings in the practical delivery of related initiatives, with several publications suggesting a gap between ambitious policy goals and the emerging realities of the newly built environment. To probe this further, in this article we examine – based on the policy network approach – how the gap between high-level national policies and local practice implementation can be explained in the current Chinese context. We develop a four-pronged typology of eco city projects based on differential involvement of key (policy) actor groups, followed by a mapping of what are salient policy network relations among these actors in each type. Our analysis suggests that, within the overall framework of national policy, a core axis in the network relations is that between local government and land developers. In some cases, central government agencies – often with buy-in from international architecture, engineering and consulting firms – seek to influence local government planning through various incentives aimed at rendering sustainability a serious consideration. However, this is mostly done in a top-down manner, which overemphasizes a rational, technocratic planning mode while underemphasizing interrelationships among actors. This makes the emergence of a substantial implementation gap in eco city practice an almost predictable outcome. Consequently, we argue that special attention be paid in particular to the close interdependency between the interests of local government actors and those of land and real estate developers. Factoring in this aspect of the policy network is essential if eco city implementation is to gain proper traction on the ground.

Dear Colleagues, Over the past decade, amidst the acceleration of competition among cities fo... more Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decade, amidst the acceleration of competition among cities for businesses and talent, which has resulted in a focus on economics and provision of engineering solutions, the concept of “Smart Cities” has emerged, in which the emphasis is on the use of innovative information and communication technology to serve the needs of people (De Jong et al. 2015, Trindade et al. 2017; Lim and Taeihagh 2019). The push for “Smart Cities” is driven by the development of smart infrastructure in the cities thought the use of connected sensors and devices that can collect, store, and transmit data through the internet, which allows different devices to interact and synchronize their actions in different domains, such as electricity distribution (smart grid), transportation (smart mobility), and community developments (Höjer and Wangel 2015, Suziki 2017). Due to its emphasis on connectivity as the main source of growth, the ‘smart city’ tends to shift attention away from environmental considerations and more towards infrastructure and information use (Lim and Taeihagh 2018). However, scholars argue that a city can only be smart if technological solutions are utilized in a holistic fashion addressing social and environmental sustainability issues and not just focusing on economic efficiency (Lim and Taeihagh 2018, 2019; Yigitcanlar et al. 2019).
One key aspect is to establish governance frameworks for technologies (e.g., autonomous vehicles, smart health solutions, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and robotics, 3D printing, sharing economy, blockchain, virtual reality, and augmented reality) that would guide the development of these Smart Cities. In this Special Issue, we are especially interested in articles that explore governance challenges of technologies that are being adopted in smart cities and solutions to them. Key issues to be covered in the Special Issue include:
• The new risks, uncertainties and unintended consequences of the adoption of emerging and/or disruptive technologies (e.g., autonomous vehicles, smart health solutions, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and robotics, 3D printing, sharing economy, blockchain, virtual reality and augmented reality) in Smart City developments to our social, economic, environmental, and political systems;
• The opportunities and challenges for the governance of technologies that can be adopted in smart cities and smart city developments as a whole;
• The diverse types of regulatory and governance responses to address the risks posed by novel technologies and the Smart City developments;
• The impacts of these rapid technological adoptions and smart city developments on stakeholders and society as a whole;
• The pros and cons of the heavy involvements of the private sector (particularly tech companies) in these smart city developments;
• The consequences of these developments for concepts such as inequality, discrimination, bias, accountability, transparency, responsibility, and liability;
• And finally, how the hype around smart cities matches the reality of smart city developments now and in the coming decades.
It is these and similar questions which a new Special Issue of Sustainability is aiming to address. Araz Taeihagh (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore) and Martin de Jong (Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam) invite their peers around the world to contribute high-quality articles on these pertinent topics.
Prof. Araz Taeihagh
Prof. Martin de Jong
Guest Editors

Keywords
• Smart City
• Governance
• Technology
• Governance of technology
• Built environment
• Low carbon innovation
• Infrastructure systems
• Intelligent systems
• Internet of Things
• Autonomous systems
• Artificial Intelligence

Special Issue on “Governance of Technology in Smart Cities”

Deadline for manuscript submissions extended to:
30 September 2021.

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/special_issues/Governance_of_Technology_in_Smart_Cities