Gracy R G | Universidad Alas Peruana (original) (raw)

Papers by Gracy R G

Journal of Immunology, 2007

A protective role for CD8 ؉ T cells during viral infections is generally accepted, but little is ... more A protective role for CD8 ؉ T cells during viral infections is generally accepted, but little is known about how CD8 ؉ T cell responses develop during primary infections in infants, their efficacy, and how memory is established after viral clearance. We studied CD8 ؉ T cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and blood of infants with a severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. RSV-specific CD8 ؉ T cells with an activated effector cell phenotype: CD27 ؉ CD28 ؉ -CD45RO ؉ CCR7 ؊ CD38 ؉ HLA-DR ؉ Granzyme B ؉ CD127 ؊ could be identified in BAL and blood. A high proportion of these CD8 ؉ T cells proliferated and functionally responded upon in vitro stimulation with RSV Ag. Thus, despite the very young age of the patients, a robust systemic virus-specific CD8 ؉ T cell response was elicited against a localized respiratory infection. RSV-specific T cell numbers as well as the total number of activated effector type CD8 ؉ T cells peaked in blood around day 9 -12 after the onset of primary symptoms, i.e., at the time of recovery. The lack of a correlation between RSV-specific T cell numbers and parameters of disease severity make a prominent role in immune pathology unlikely, in contrast the T cells might be involved in the recovery process. FIGURE 4. Kinetics of the RSV-specific CD8 ϩ T cell response in peripheral blood during a primary infection with RSV. A, Peptide-specific CD8 ϩ T cells expanded from adult PBMC in the presence of NP 306 -314 and rIL-2 respond equally well to peptide-pulsed and RSV-infected DCs showing the efficacy of RSV-infected DC to display viral epitopes. B, Partially HLA-matched RSV-infected (top row) or uninfected (second row) and peptide (NS1 33-41 KLIHLTNAL) pulsed DCs (HLA-A1, A2, B8, B15, 7.0% of the DC in the culture expressed RSV F protein at the surface) were cocultured for 5 h with PBMC of a patient (HLA-A2, A11, B8, B15). Peptide-pulsed DCs were used to stimulate PBMC samples at the time of discharge, i.e., the peak of the virus-specific response. The appearance of proliferating effector T cells (GzmB ϩ /Ki-67/CCR5 ϩ ) in the same samples is shown in rows 3 and 4.

European Journal of Pediatrics, 1998

The objective was to assess the incidence and consequences of medication errors, highlight source... more The objective was to assess the incidence and consequences of medication errors, highlight sources of recurrent error and institute changes in practice to prevent their recurrence. Utilising a continuous quality improvement approach, a 2-year prospective cohort study was undertaken using an adverse incident reporting scheme. A multidisciplinary committee analysed medication error reports, classifying them according to type (prescription, supply or administration), severity (serious or not serious) and clinical outcome. Changes in policy and practice were implemented to reduce the frequency of errors. There were 441 reported medication errors in the study period, during which 682 patients were admitted for 5315 inpatient days. Errors were more seven times likely to occur in the intensive care setting. Doctors accounted for 72% of errors and prescription errors doubled when new doctors joined the rotation. Most errors (68%) were detected prior to drug administration. Twenty-four serious medication errors were not detected in advance, but only 4 had overt clinical consequences. Excluding prevented errors and appropriate deviations from prescribed therapy, there were 117 actual medication errors (1/5.8 admissions, or 1/45 inpatient days). During the 2nd year of the scheme, the incidence of all reported errors, administration errors and serious errors fell, but the prescription error rate remained constant. Conclusions Medication errors occurred commonly in this study, but adverse consequences were rare. The non-punitive, multidisciplinary approach to medication errors utilised in this study increased staff vigilance, highlighted sources of recurrent error, and led to changes in drug policies and staff training, which resulted in improved patient safety and quality of care.

Mutation Research-fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 1999

. Ž Reactive oxygen species ROS are generated by a variety of sources from the environment e.g., ... more . Ž Reactive oxygen species ROS are generated by a variety of sources from the environment e.g., photo-oxidations and . Ž . emissions and normal cellular functions e.g., mitochondrial metabolism and neutrophil activation . ROS include free Ž . Ž . radicals e.g., superoxide and hydroxyl radicals , nonradical oxygen species e.g., hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite and Ž . reactive lipids and carbohydrates e.g., ketoaldehydes, hydroxynonenal . Oxidative damage to DNA can occur by many routes including the oxidative modification of the nucleotide bases, sugars, or by forming crosslinks. Such modifications can lead to mutations, pathologies, cellular aging and death. Oxidation of proteins appears to play a causative role in many chronic diseases of aging including cataractogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Ž . Ž . Alzheimer's Disease AD . Our goal is to elucidate the mechanism s by which oxidative modification results in the disease.

Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1989

The density and microanatomical location of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and of monocytes/macrophages ... more The density and microanatomical location of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and of monocytes/macrophages at the site of a tuberculin test were measured in 13 patients with sarcoidosis, and the results were compared with those seen in a group of healthy controls. The cellular infiltrate was significantly reduced in the sarcoid subjects compared with the controls for all cell phenotypes studied; the ratio of CD4 positive:CD8 positive lymphocytes was significantly increased in the sarcoid group. Clinically negative reactions showed substantial numbers of infiltrating mononuclear cells, although not as great as in clinically apparent reactions.

PLOS One, 2012

The Influenza Clinical Information Network (FLU-CIN) was established to gather detailed clinical ... more The Influenza Clinical Information Network (FLU-CIN) was established to gather detailed clinical and epidemiological information about patients with laboratory confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in UK hospitals. This report focuses on the clinical course and outcomes of infection in pregnancy.

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2002

The male Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), produces th... more The male Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), produces the bicyclic ketal frontalin as part of a complex semiochemical blend. A key regulated enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R), showed high transcript levels in the anterior midgut of male Jeffrey pine beetles by in situ hybridization. HMG-R expression in this area of the alimentary canal was related to male emergence, where emerged males demonstrated significant up-regulation of HMG-R transcript and pre-emerged males showed only basal levels. Pre-emerged males were induced to express high levels of HMG-R transcript by treatment with juvenile hormone (JH) III. Additionally, isolated anterior midgut tissue from JH III-treated males converted radiolabeled acetate to frontalin, as assayed by radio-HPLC, providing strong evidence that this is the site of frontalin production in male beetles. 

Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 1973

... remove the enzyme. However, since virtually all albumins exhibit acidic isoclectric values an... more ... remove the enzyme. However, since virtually all albumins exhibit acidic isoclectric values and triosephosphate isom-erases are more basic, separation on this basis was chosen. ... 57, 559 (1971). NE Bray, "Synopsis of Clinical Laboratory Methods", Second Edition. CV Mosby. St. ...

International Journal of Std & Aids, 1997

Fifteen men with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and poor risk disease according to ... more Fifteen men with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and poor risk disease according to the TIS staging were enrolled in a phase II trial of oral 13-cis-retinoic acid. The median CD4 cell count was 95 cells/microl (range 7-260) and 6 had prior AIDS-defining opportunistic infections. One patient was withdrawn on account of cutaneous toxicity. Evaluation was by AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG)1 defined assessment. One patient achieved a partial response and remains on treatment in partial remission. Thus the overall response rate is 7% (95% confidence interval 0-23%). A further 5 patients had stable disease (38%: 95% confidence interval 7-64%). The overall low activity, considerable toxicity and limited cosmetic benefit even in responding patients limits the value of this approach in KS. However, this treatment strategy may be more rewarding in early good risk KS.