Roberto Terrosi | Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (original) (raw)
Articles by Roberto Terrosi
Anthropocene Calling - proceedings (in progress), 2024
This paper written for the conference Anthracene Calling, underlines the role of technology in ma... more This paper written for the conference Anthracene Calling, underlines the role of technology in making humans themselves as humans and making further developments after humans. That's why we shouldn't talk about Anthropocene but about Technocene.
Della filosofia del postumano , 2019
Questo testo presentato in una conferenza all'Università di Kyoto nel 2019 riassume il mio punto ... more Questo testo presentato in una conferenza all'Università di Kyoto nel 2019 riassume il mio punto di vista sulla questione del postumano oggi e del rapporto tra umano e lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie razionali come l'AI che possono spodestare la razionalità umana, respingendo l'uomo in quel dominio animale da cui aveva tentato di emanciparsi con lo sviluppo della sfera dello spirituale.
Diaphanes (Kyoto University), 2019
The text of this short essay analyses the evidence concerning the probable attribution to Leonard... more The text of this short essay analyses the evidence concerning the probable attribution to Leonardo da Vinci to a part of a Gonfalon currently attributed to Perugino. The methodology adopted in this study involves connections with AI software and AI logic.
In questo articolo ci interessiamo a un aspetto particolare ma molto famoso del pensiero di Talet... more In questo articolo ci interessiamo a un aspetto particolare ma molto famoso del pensiero di Talete, che consiste nel fatto di individuare quale principio generatore di tutte le cose l'acqua. Tale riferimento al cosiddetto archè dell'acqua è divenuto un elemento chiave nella divulgazione e nell'insegnamento filosofico, tanto che si associa comunemente il nome di Talete all'archè dell'acqua e al teorema del triangolo isoscele. Meno rilievo, invece, viene dato all'attività astronomico-astrologica (le due cose allora non erano scindibili) che forse potrebbe aver costituto, stando alle testimonianze, l'attività principale di Talete. Non avendo fonti dirette, tutto quello che noi sappiamo della teoria di Talete sull'acqua lo dobbiamo fondamentalmente ad Aristotele e in particolare a un brano della Metafisica. Tutti i riferimenti successivi, tranne poche eccezioni, sembrano ricalcare il testo aristotelico. Per il momento fermiamoci qui e vediamo le parole di Aristotele: « Sulla questione se ci debba essere un unico principio, o se debbano essere molti, e quanti, e sulla loro specie, non tutti dicono la medesima cosa. Talete, che è il progenitore di questa specie di filosofia, dice che quel principio è l'acqua, e perciò affermava che anche la terra galleggia sull'acqua. Forse si è formato questa opinione vedendo che il nutrimento di tutte le cose è umido e che perfino il caldo deriva dall'umido e vive di esso; ora, in tutti i casi, ciò da cui una cosa deriva è anche il suo principio. Per questa ragione Talete si formò questa opinione e anche perché i semi di tutte le cose hanno natura umida: ora l'acqua è il principio della natura delle cose umide. Vi sono alcuni i quali ritengono che anche gli antichissimi, di molto anteriori all'attuale generazione, che per primi hanno svolto considerazioni sulle divinità, abbiano condiviso questa credenza intorno alla natura: essi infatti considerarono Oceano e Teti autori del divenire, e ritennero che il giuramento degli dei venisse fatto sull'acqua, quella che essi chiamavano Stige; ora ciò che è più degno di onore è anche più antico, e si giura su ciò che è più degno di onore. Se questa credenza sulla natura sia originaria e antica è forse dubbio, ma si dice che Talete abbia detto qualcosa di simile parlando della causa prima » 1. Altrove poi lo stesso Aristotele sottolinea che per Talete la terra sta ferma perché «galleggia come un legno» 2. Si dice anche che Talete supponesse che l'origine dei terremoti fosse dovuta all'oscillazione di tale legno. Ma veniamo ora alla Mesopotamia, qui nell'area del golfo persico si sviluppa nel IV millennio a.C. la civiltà dei Sumeri; la prima civiltà a creare vere e proprie città e a inventare la scrittura, il tutto prima dei " mitici " egiziani (che stanno tanto a cuore alla cultura italiana e anche all'industria dell'intrattenimento). In effetti, come ha dimostrato Martin Bernal 3 , l'interesse dei greci per l'Egitto è un fattore determinante nella cultura greca, ma questo non deve diventare un pretesto per oscurare il contributo di altre tradizioni. Riprenderemo comunque questo discorso più avanti. Torniamo invece alle più antiche città della storia, come è stata definita Uruk, la città del mitico re Gilgamesh che andò a prendere i tronchi di cedro sulle montagne del libano, o Ur, la città di Abramo, o ancora Eridu la città del dio delle acque dolci Enki (o Ea o Nudimmud, secondo le varie dizioni) e cioè di quello stesso dio che disse ad Utanapishtim di costruire una grande arca per scampare al diluvio universale. Riferiamo queste cose non per fare sensazione o atmosfera, ma per dare da subito l'idea di quanto fosse forte la presenza di questa civiltà e dei suoi innegabili influssi nel bacino del 1 Aristotele, Metafisica, 983 b 18 – 984 2, trad. it. a cura di C.
In this essay I criticize the anti-integrative approach to restoration. I show how it is the resu... more In this essay I criticize the anti-integrative approach to restoration. I show how it is the result of an ideological approach, based on religious prejudices and political assumptions.
erché le opere d'arte non si vendono a peso? E' opinione diffusa in varie teorie artistiche recen... more erché le opere d'arte non si vendono a peso? E' opinione diffusa in varie teorie artistiche recenti che l'arte non sia altro che il dominio di quelle cose chiamate arte, che sono poi le
This is a brief presentation in English of the contents of my book 'Genealogy: Nietzsche, Foucaul... more This is a brief presentation in English of the contents of my book 'Genealogy: Nietzsche, Foucault and Other Genealogists' (written in Italian)(2012)
Sdefinizioni 0,5, Dic. 2017, 2017
Come mai negli ultimi anni assistiamo a una sempre maggiore attenzione verso la bellezza che va d... more Come mai negli ultimi anni assistiamo a una sempre maggiore attenzione verso la bellezza che va dal cinema alla filosofia? Quali implicazioni ha dal punto di vista politico? Si tratta di un ritorno all'ordine? In questo saggio cerchiamo di considerare la bellezza in rapporto alla storia dell'estetica e alla storia del liberismo e ci sforzeremo di dare una prima interpretazione del senso della bellezza in una società globalizzata e multiculturale come quella attuale.
This short essay explains the theoretical and political causes of the return of beauty in philoso... more This short essay explains the theoretical and political causes of the return of beauty in philosophical debate and in contemporary arts with special reference to street art and digital painting. The thesis is that the concept of beauty is not coming back inside modern aesthetics, but after the end of the cycle of modern aesthetics, just like street art and digital painting come after the end of the cycle of avant-gardes (including public art). Hence the return of beauty is the sign of the paradigm shift of this age.
Papers by Roberto Terrosi
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日... more 静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日)が開催された。そこから発表者3名の報告を収録する。To commemorate the 10th anniversary of Shizuoka University of Art and Culture, the exhibition «The Drawingsof Leonardo Da Vinci» was held between 14 - 27 October 2010 in the Gallery of the University, to introduce theLeonardo Collection of the Komaba Museum of the University of Tokyo. This collection consists of Leonardo drawings\u27reproductions selected according to the study, The drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci of A.E. Popham (New York 1945).The symposium was also held in conjunction with the exhibition to seek Leonardo\u27s other images as "irregularreflections"
This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin ... more This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin mourning the Dead Christ (Pietà) between St. Jerome and St. Mary Magdalene. This banner was attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo and later (in particular starting from the '80s) to Pietro Perugino. A closer analysis reveals the presence of the intervention of different painters. This poses the question of workshop composition in the 15th Century Italian Renaissance. In this case, the question is particularly relevant because Perugino belonged to the workshop of Verrocchio together with Leonardo da Vinci. When in a workshop we find only minor painters it is not so important to individuate the contribution of each painter, but the case is different for painters of primary importance like these. Therefore, another problem arises: how to distinguish each contribution? To this aim we have to retake the problem of the theory of attribution, going back to their founders lik...
ディアファネース -- 芸術と思想 = Diaphanes: Art and Philosophy, Mar 29, 2020
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日... more 静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日)が開催された。そこから発表者3名の報告を収録する。To commemorate the 10th anniversary of Shizuoka University of Art and Culture, the exhibition «The Drawingsof Leonardo Da Vinci» was held between 14 - 27 October 2010 in the Gallery of the University, to introduce theLeonardo Collection of the Komaba Museum of the University of Tokyo. This collection consists of Leonardo drawings\u27reproductions selected according to the study, The drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci of A.E. Popham (New York 1945).The symposium was also held in conjunction with the exhibition to seek Leonardo\u27s other images as "irregularreflections"
This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin ... more This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin mourning the Dead Christ (Pietà) between St. Jerome and St. Mary Magdalene. This banner was attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo and later (in particular starting from the '80s) to Pietro Perugino. A closer analysis reveals the presence of the intervention of different painters. This poses the question of workshop composition in the 15th Century Italian Renaissance. In this case, the question is particularly relevant because Perugino belonged to the workshop of Verrocchio together with Leonardo da Vinci. When in a workshop we find only minor painters it is not so important to individuate the contribution of each painter, but the case is different for painters of primary importance like these. Therefore, another problem arises: how to distinguish each contribution? To this aim we have to retake the problem of the theory of attribution, going back to their founders lik...
ディアファネース -- 芸術と思想 = Diaphanes: Art and Philosophy, Mar 29, 2020
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
立命館言語文化研究, Mar 11, 2019
Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima stor... more Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima storia dell amore dall antichità classica fino alla comparsa nel basso medioevo del cosiddetto amor cortese, con particolare riferimento alla nascita della poesia in lingua italiana. Come in una vera storia d amore vi troviamo avvicinamenti e ripulse, tradimenti, situazioni di confusione, e addirittura possibili sviluppi paralleli. Tutte queste vicende hanno arrovellato la mente di molti studiosi, facendo scaturire ora infuocate polemiche e ora invece presentandoci inaspettate quanto oscure lacune. Per questo motivo una situazione di questo genere esonera dagli usuali strumenti metodologici della critica letteraria, investendo anche l antropologia, la storia delle religioni e la filosofia. Il nostro approccio allora si riferirà innanzitutto al livello più comprensivo di queste discipline che è quello dell antropologia culturale il quale, in un certo senso, le contiene tutte. Il tipo di analisi culturale che intendiamo adottare qui è quello neodarwinista, sviluppato dallo studioso recentemente scomparso Cavalli-Sforza, in cui si par te dalla considerazione di unità o tratti culturali, chiamati da Dawkins memi, che sono stati ricompresi nella nozione di epidemiologia delle idee sviluppata da Sperber. Tale tipo di analisi ci è utile per osservare il modo in cui le idee-memi si distribuiscono, seguendo derive che ne comportano anche il mutamento, mutamento che è anche dovuto al contatto con altre idee-memi. Questo tipo di analisi ci consente, non solo di seguire lo sviluppo storico di una serie di mutazioni, come già nella genealogia, ma anche di delineare una panoramica di questa disseminazione memetica, che segue anche logiche olistiche, sul tipo di quelle dell ecologia o della meteorologia, già studiate ad esempio dalla teoria del caos. Purtroppo, non sarà possibile approfondire tali aspetti epistemologici in questa sede, in cui ci limiteremo a presentare una sorta di panorama storico-geografico della costituzione dell amor cortese. Gli inizi Come si è arrivato a concepire l amore non come una semplice attività fisica di accoppiamento riproduttivo ma come un attività psichica? L uomo è uno dei pochi animali che non hanno un periodo di estro o una stagione degli amori in cui si accoppiano. Il venir meno di questa predeterminazione biologica probabilmente è dovuto, come nel caso della perdita del pelo, allo sviluppo della vita culturale e al prevalere dell adattamento mimetico-empirico su quello genetico. Il fatto di spostare l accoppiamento tra le attività coscienti, soggette all influsso dell apprendimento e
Anthropocene Calling - proceedings (in progress), 2024
This paper written for the conference Anthracene Calling, underlines the role of technology in ma... more This paper written for the conference Anthracene Calling, underlines the role of technology in making humans themselves as humans and making further developments after humans. That's why we shouldn't talk about Anthropocene but about Technocene.
Della filosofia del postumano , 2019
Questo testo presentato in una conferenza all'Università di Kyoto nel 2019 riassume il mio punto ... more Questo testo presentato in una conferenza all'Università di Kyoto nel 2019 riassume il mio punto di vista sulla questione del postumano oggi e del rapporto tra umano e lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie razionali come l'AI che possono spodestare la razionalità umana, respingendo l'uomo in quel dominio animale da cui aveva tentato di emanciparsi con lo sviluppo della sfera dello spirituale.
Diaphanes (Kyoto University), 2019
The text of this short essay analyses the evidence concerning the probable attribution to Leonard... more The text of this short essay analyses the evidence concerning the probable attribution to Leonardo da Vinci to a part of a Gonfalon currently attributed to Perugino. The methodology adopted in this study involves connections with AI software and AI logic.
In questo articolo ci interessiamo a un aspetto particolare ma molto famoso del pensiero di Talet... more In questo articolo ci interessiamo a un aspetto particolare ma molto famoso del pensiero di Talete, che consiste nel fatto di individuare quale principio generatore di tutte le cose l'acqua. Tale riferimento al cosiddetto archè dell'acqua è divenuto un elemento chiave nella divulgazione e nell'insegnamento filosofico, tanto che si associa comunemente il nome di Talete all'archè dell'acqua e al teorema del triangolo isoscele. Meno rilievo, invece, viene dato all'attività astronomico-astrologica (le due cose allora non erano scindibili) che forse potrebbe aver costituto, stando alle testimonianze, l'attività principale di Talete. Non avendo fonti dirette, tutto quello che noi sappiamo della teoria di Talete sull'acqua lo dobbiamo fondamentalmente ad Aristotele e in particolare a un brano della Metafisica. Tutti i riferimenti successivi, tranne poche eccezioni, sembrano ricalcare il testo aristotelico. Per il momento fermiamoci qui e vediamo le parole di Aristotele: « Sulla questione se ci debba essere un unico principio, o se debbano essere molti, e quanti, e sulla loro specie, non tutti dicono la medesima cosa. Talete, che è il progenitore di questa specie di filosofia, dice che quel principio è l'acqua, e perciò affermava che anche la terra galleggia sull'acqua. Forse si è formato questa opinione vedendo che il nutrimento di tutte le cose è umido e che perfino il caldo deriva dall'umido e vive di esso; ora, in tutti i casi, ciò da cui una cosa deriva è anche il suo principio. Per questa ragione Talete si formò questa opinione e anche perché i semi di tutte le cose hanno natura umida: ora l'acqua è il principio della natura delle cose umide. Vi sono alcuni i quali ritengono che anche gli antichissimi, di molto anteriori all'attuale generazione, che per primi hanno svolto considerazioni sulle divinità, abbiano condiviso questa credenza intorno alla natura: essi infatti considerarono Oceano e Teti autori del divenire, e ritennero che il giuramento degli dei venisse fatto sull'acqua, quella che essi chiamavano Stige; ora ciò che è più degno di onore è anche più antico, e si giura su ciò che è più degno di onore. Se questa credenza sulla natura sia originaria e antica è forse dubbio, ma si dice che Talete abbia detto qualcosa di simile parlando della causa prima » 1. Altrove poi lo stesso Aristotele sottolinea che per Talete la terra sta ferma perché «galleggia come un legno» 2. Si dice anche che Talete supponesse che l'origine dei terremoti fosse dovuta all'oscillazione di tale legno. Ma veniamo ora alla Mesopotamia, qui nell'area del golfo persico si sviluppa nel IV millennio a.C. la civiltà dei Sumeri; la prima civiltà a creare vere e proprie città e a inventare la scrittura, il tutto prima dei " mitici " egiziani (che stanno tanto a cuore alla cultura italiana e anche all'industria dell'intrattenimento). In effetti, come ha dimostrato Martin Bernal 3 , l'interesse dei greci per l'Egitto è un fattore determinante nella cultura greca, ma questo non deve diventare un pretesto per oscurare il contributo di altre tradizioni. Riprenderemo comunque questo discorso più avanti. Torniamo invece alle più antiche città della storia, come è stata definita Uruk, la città del mitico re Gilgamesh che andò a prendere i tronchi di cedro sulle montagne del libano, o Ur, la città di Abramo, o ancora Eridu la città del dio delle acque dolci Enki (o Ea o Nudimmud, secondo le varie dizioni) e cioè di quello stesso dio che disse ad Utanapishtim di costruire una grande arca per scampare al diluvio universale. Riferiamo queste cose non per fare sensazione o atmosfera, ma per dare da subito l'idea di quanto fosse forte la presenza di questa civiltà e dei suoi innegabili influssi nel bacino del 1 Aristotele, Metafisica, 983 b 18 – 984 2, trad. it. a cura di C.
In this essay I criticize the anti-integrative approach to restoration. I show how it is the resu... more In this essay I criticize the anti-integrative approach to restoration. I show how it is the result of an ideological approach, based on religious prejudices and political assumptions.
erché le opere d'arte non si vendono a peso? E' opinione diffusa in varie teorie artistiche recen... more erché le opere d'arte non si vendono a peso? E' opinione diffusa in varie teorie artistiche recenti che l'arte non sia altro che il dominio di quelle cose chiamate arte, che sono poi le
This is a brief presentation in English of the contents of my book 'Genealogy: Nietzsche, Foucaul... more This is a brief presentation in English of the contents of my book 'Genealogy: Nietzsche, Foucault and Other Genealogists' (written in Italian)(2012)
Sdefinizioni 0,5, Dic. 2017, 2017
Come mai negli ultimi anni assistiamo a una sempre maggiore attenzione verso la bellezza che va d... more Come mai negli ultimi anni assistiamo a una sempre maggiore attenzione verso la bellezza che va dal cinema alla filosofia? Quali implicazioni ha dal punto di vista politico? Si tratta di un ritorno all'ordine? In questo saggio cerchiamo di considerare la bellezza in rapporto alla storia dell'estetica e alla storia del liberismo e ci sforzeremo di dare una prima interpretazione del senso della bellezza in una società globalizzata e multiculturale come quella attuale.
This short essay explains the theoretical and political causes of the return of beauty in philoso... more This short essay explains the theoretical and political causes of the return of beauty in philosophical debate and in contemporary arts with special reference to street art and digital painting. The thesis is that the concept of beauty is not coming back inside modern aesthetics, but after the end of the cycle of modern aesthetics, just like street art and digital painting come after the end of the cycle of avant-gardes (including public art). Hence the return of beauty is the sign of the paradigm shift of this age.
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日... more 静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日)が開催された。そこから発表者3名の報告を収録する。To commemorate the 10th anniversary of Shizuoka University of Art and Culture, the exhibition «The Drawingsof Leonardo Da Vinci» was held between 14 - 27 October 2010 in the Gallery of the University, to introduce theLeonardo Collection of the Komaba Museum of the University of Tokyo. This collection consists of Leonardo drawings\u27reproductions selected according to the study, The drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci of A.E. Popham (New York 1945).The symposium was also held in conjunction with the exhibition to seek Leonardo\u27s other images as "irregularreflections"
This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin ... more This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin mourning the Dead Christ (Pietà) between St. Jerome and St. Mary Magdalene. This banner was attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo and later (in particular starting from the '80s) to Pietro Perugino. A closer analysis reveals the presence of the intervention of different painters. This poses the question of workshop composition in the 15th Century Italian Renaissance. In this case, the question is particularly relevant because Perugino belonged to the workshop of Verrocchio together with Leonardo da Vinci. When in a workshop we find only minor painters it is not so important to individuate the contribution of each painter, but the case is different for painters of primary importance like these. Therefore, another problem arises: how to distinguish each contribution? To this aim we have to retake the problem of the theory of attribution, going back to their founders lik...
ディアファネース -- 芸術と思想 = Diaphanes: Art and Philosophy, Mar 29, 2020
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日... more 静岡文化芸術大学創立10周年を記念した展覧会(大学ギャラリー、2010年10月14日〜27日)に併せて、シンポジウム「乱反射するレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ」(176大講義室、2010年10月15日)が開催された。そこから発表者3名の報告を収録する。To commemorate the 10th anniversary of Shizuoka University of Art and Culture, the exhibition «The Drawingsof Leonardo Da Vinci» was held between 14 - 27 October 2010 in the Gallery of the University, to introduce theLeonardo Collection of the Komaba Museum of the University of Tokyo. This collection consists of Leonardo drawings\u27reproductions selected according to the study, The drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci of A.E. Popham (New York 1945).The symposium was also held in conjunction with the exhibition to seek Leonardo\u27s other images as "irregularreflections"
This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin ... more This article will examine the case of the Gonfalon of Farneto (Perugia), representing the Virgin mourning the Dead Christ (Pietà) between St. Jerome and St. Mary Magdalene. This banner was attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo and later (in particular starting from the '80s) to Pietro Perugino. A closer analysis reveals the presence of the intervention of different painters. This poses the question of workshop composition in the 15th Century Italian Renaissance. In this case, the question is particularly relevant because Perugino belonged to the workshop of Verrocchio together with Leonardo da Vinci. When in a workshop we find only minor painters it is not so important to individuate the contribution of each painter, but the case is different for painters of primary importance like these. Therefore, another problem arises: how to distinguish each contribution? To this aim we have to retake the problem of the theory of attribution, going back to their founders lik...
ディアファネース -- 芸術と思想 = Diaphanes: Art and Philosophy, Mar 29, 2020
T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is... more T h e G o n f a l o n I would like to start by saying that author of this writing this article is not one of those Leonardo fans who are looking for traces of his work everywhere. Indeed, my interest in Leonardo so far has mostly been limited to the demythologization of his reputation as a genius. One day I gave a lesson on the art of the young Perugino and I was explaining how an anonymous gonfalon found in a Franciscan convent in Farneto (fig. 1), near Perugia, which had previously been attributed to the Umbrian painter Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, had been then, after a more careful analysis, attributed to Perugino. This was also because little attention had been paid to the youthful phase of this important painter. The painting had also been neglected because it was not an oil painting, but a gonfalon, that is, a banner to be used in processions or other religious ceremonies. The canvas represented a typical subject of Umbrian art of that period, a Pietà. This theme was made famous by Michelangelo, but it has an origin that has little to do with the Florentine tradition. Pietà is a Nordic theme, used in particular in Germany, where wooden statues with sorrowful Virgin mourning the dead Christ were called Vesperbild (literally, "evening images"). In Perugia there are other samples of this subject, for example, we find two in which the theme of pietà turns into a sort of triptych, as two saints are added to the sides. In one case we find St. Jerome and St. Leonardo, and in the other instead, we find St. John and Magdalene. This combination of saints is significant because in the banner we find Leonardo and the Gonfalon of Piety: A Contribution to the Attribution Theory 110 St. Jerome and the Magdalene, placed in the same positions, that is, he on the left and she on the right of Christ. It, therefore, seems that the banner can be placed in this series, probably between the first and the second. All this suggests an all-Umbrian work rooted in the Umbrian cultural context of that period. The first attribution to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, established at the end of the nineteenth century * 1 , was mainly based on the comparison with another series of anonymous paintings, which deals with the Stories of St. Bernardino. This series shows undeniable influences from Urbino, highlighted by the predominance of architecture and the rigidity of the drapery. However, another circumstance must also be taken into account. In that period after the many studies on Tuscan and Venetian art, the discourse on Renaissance art recently rediscovered (the very concept of Renaissance is a few years earlier and is still confused in Italy with that of Risorgimento), we went expanding on hitherto neglected realities such as the so-called "Umbrian school". In other words, the Umbrian school was a new classifying container that needed to be filled, going beyond Piero della Francesca and Perugino. So, although only 3 certain works remain of Fiorenzo, it was assumed that he was the author of the Stories of St. Bernardino. Then, given that the Gonfalon had evident similarities in the drapery with the Stories, it was consequently thought that it was the work of Fiorenzo. If, however, the draperies of the Gonfalon show similarities with those of the Stories, they do not show significant ones with the certain works of Fiorenzo. In the end, the scholars came to the conclusion that not even the Stories were the work of Fiorenzo, or not only of Fiorenzo but of a group of Umbrian artists, among whom there must also have been Perugino. The only assonances between Gonfalon and Fiorenzo's works are found in the way of performing the hands and in the way in which the face of the Virgin is treated. This may suggest two things: that Fiorenzo intervened in the Gonfalon or that Perugino, even though he was a pupil of Bonfigli, had also worked with Fiorenzo since in a small city like Perugia (then of about 20,000 inhabitants) there wasn't a real division of workshops and the painters of different workshops all formed a large family. So the reasoning of the previous historians stopped at comparisons in the local area, which find partial confirmation in the drapery and then in the hands and face of the Madonna. However, all the other elements remain to be explained.
立命館言語文化研究, Mar 11, 2019
Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima stor... more Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima storia dell amore dall antichità classica fino alla comparsa nel basso medioevo del cosiddetto amor cortese, con particolare riferimento alla nascita della poesia in lingua italiana. Come in una vera storia d amore vi troviamo avvicinamenti e ripulse, tradimenti, situazioni di confusione, e addirittura possibili sviluppi paralleli. Tutte queste vicende hanno arrovellato la mente di molti studiosi, facendo scaturire ora infuocate polemiche e ora invece presentandoci inaspettate quanto oscure lacune. Per questo motivo una situazione di questo genere esonera dagli usuali strumenti metodologici della critica letteraria, investendo anche l antropologia, la storia delle religioni e la filosofia. Il nostro approccio allora si riferirà innanzitutto al livello più comprensivo di queste discipline che è quello dell antropologia culturale il quale, in un certo senso, le contiene tutte. Il tipo di analisi culturale che intendiamo adottare qui è quello neodarwinista, sviluppato dallo studioso recentemente scomparso Cavalli-Sforza, in cui si par te dalla considerazione di unità o tratti culturali, chiamati da Dawkins memi, che sono stati ricompresi nella nozione di epidemiologia delle idee sviluppata da Sperber. Tale tipo di analisi ci è utile per osservare il modo in cui le idee-memi si distribuiscono, seguendo derive che ne comportano anche il mutamento, mutamento che è anche dovuto al contatto con altre idee-memi. Questo tipo di analisi ci consente, non solo di seguire lo sviluppo storico di una serie di mutazioni, come già nella genealogia, ma anche di delineare una panoramica di questa disseminazione memetica, che segue anche logiche olistiche, sul tipo di quelle dell ecologia o della meteorologia, già studiate ad esempio dalla teoria del caos. Purtroppo, non sarà possibile approfondire tali aspetti epistemologici in questa sede, in cui ci limiteremo a presentare una sorta di panorama storico-geografico della costituzione dell amor cortese. Gli inizi Come si è arrivato a concepire l amore non come una semplice attività fisica di accoppiamento riproduttivo ma come un attività psichica? L uomo è uno dei pochi animali che non hanno un periodo di estro o una stagione degli amori in cui si accoppiano. Il venir meno di questa predeterminazione biologica probabilmente è dovuto, come nel caso della perdita del pelo, allo sviluppo della vita culturale e al prevalere dell adattamento mimetico-empirico su quello genetico. Il fatto di spostare l accoppiamento tra le attività coscienti, soggette all influsso dell apprendimento e
立命館言語文化研究, Mar 11, 2019
Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima stor... more Quella che vi andiamo a raccontare è una lunghissima storia d amore, o meglio la lunghissima storia dell amore dall antichità classica fino alla comparsa nel basso medioevo del cosiddetto amor cortese, con particolare riferimento alla nascita della poesia in lingua italiana. Come in una vera storia d amore vi troviamo avvicinamenti e ripulse, tradimenti, situazioni di confusione, e addirittura possibili sviluppi paralleli. Tutte queste vicende hanno arrovellato la mente di molti studiosi, facendo scaturire ora infuocate polemiche e ora invece presentandoci inaspettate quanto oscure lacune. Per questo motivo una situazione di questo genere esonera dagli usuali strumenti metodologici della critica letteraria, investendo anche l antropologia, la storia delle religioni e la filosofia. Il nostro approccio allora si riferirà innanzitutto al livello più comprensivo di queste discipline che è quello dell antropologia culturale il quale, in un certo senso, le contiene tutte. Il tipo di analisi culturale che intendiamo adottare qui è quello neodarwinista, sviluppato dallo studioso recentemente scomparso Cavalli-Sforza, in cui si par te dalla considerazione di unità o tratti culturali, chiamati da Dawkins memi, che sono stati ricompresi nella nozione di epidemiologia delle idee sviluppata da Sperber. Tale tipo di analisi ci è utile per osservare il modo in cui le idee-memi si distribuiscono, seguendo derive che ne comportano anche il mutamento, mutamento che è anche dovuto al contatto con altre idee-memi. Questo tipo di analisi ci consente, non solo di seguire lo sviluppo storico di una serie di mutazioni, come già nella genealogia, ma anche di delineare una panoramica di questa disseminazione memetica, che segue anche logiche olistiche, sul tipo di quelle dell ecologia o della meteorologia, già studiate ad esempio dalla teoria del caos. Purtroppo, non sarà possibile approfondire tali aspetti epistemologici in questa sede, in cui ci limiteremo a presentare una sorta di panorama storico-geografico della costituzione dell amor cortese. Gli inizi Come si è arrivato a concepire l amore non come una semplice attività fisica di accoppiamento riproduttivo ma come un attività psichica? L uomo è uno dei pochi animali che non hanno un periodo di estro o una stagione degli amori in cui si accoppiano. Il venir meno di questa predeterminazione biologica probabilmente è dovuto, come nel caso della perdita del pelo, allo sviluppo della vita culturale e al prevalere dell adattamento mimetico-empirico su quello genetico. Il fatto di spostare l accoppiamento tra le attività coscienti, soggette all influsso dell apprendimento e
Kaiak, 2017
My speech is intended to insert the question of sublimation in a larger consideration of Freud... more My speech is intended to insert the question of sublimation in a larger consideration of Freud's thought, based on the model of libidinal repression and its cultural background. In this sense, I will not enter immediately in a detailed discussion of sublimation's features, but I prefer to criticize it starting by a recognition of the philosophical paradigm that supports it, and then I will move to the analysis of the weak points of sublimation theory. This does not mean that I want to deny the refinement of taste and the creation of a sense of delicacy that are determined by art practice in the civilization of complex societies. I just want to criticize Freud's intention of keeping them inside the dynamics of intrapsychic processes, in spite of considering them as part of larger interpersonal and social processes. Therefore, if we reconsider sublimation from a social point of view, the role of civilization would be reversed: it would play no longer the part of the police...
Kaiak, 2017
My speech is intended to insert the question of sublimation in a larger consideration of Freud... more My speech is intended to insert the question of sublimation in a larger consideration of Freud's thought, based on the model of libidinal repression and its cultural background. In this sense, I will not enter immediately in a detailed discussion of sublimation's features, but I prefer to criticize it starting by a recognition of the philosophical paradigm that supports it, and then I will move to the analysis of the weak points of sublimation theory. This does not mean that I want to deny the refinement of taste and the creation of a sense of delicacy that are determined by art practice in the civilization of complex societies. I just want to criticize Freud's intention of keeping them inside the dynamics of intrapsychic processes, in spite of considering them as part of larger interpersonal and social processes. Therefore, if we reconsider sublimation from a social point of view, the role of civilization would be reversed: it would play no longer the part of the police...
Kaiak, 2015
In recent times, there has been a debate about the Schmitt's notion of political theology, by... more In recent times, there has been a debate about the Schmitt's notion of political theology, by which the notions of messianism and katéchon have been rediscovered. Both the questions are connected with the one of apocalypse and apocalypse nowadays is linked to the western perception of the crisis of capitalism. Thus a question is: how does this complex of conceptions relate with Far-East Culture? Is that apocalyptic imagination valid also for these countries or do they have a different conception that involves also a different way of perceiving political power and capitalism? In order to answer this question we have investigated the origins of apocalyptic thought, found by us in ancient Iranian tradition. Thus we have considered an alternative myth for Asian cultures: the one of phoenix and its related context of the fire-bird. We examined its relationships with political power and recently with free market ideology. So the final question is: is it not possible that the symbol of...
Kaiak, 2015
In recent times, there has been a debate about the Schmitt's notion of political theology, by... more In recent times, there has been a debate about the Schmitt's notion of political theology, by which the notions of messianism and katéchon have been rediscovered. Both the questions are connected with the one of apocalypse and apocalypse nowadays is linked to the western perception of the crisis of capitalism. Thus a question is: how does this complex of conceptions relate with Far-East Culture? Is that apocalyptic imagination valid also for these countries or do they have a different conception that involves also a different way of perceiving political power and capitalism? In order to answer this question we have investigated the origins of apocalyptic thought, found by us in ancient Iranian tradition. Thus we have considered an alternative myth for Asian cultures: the one of phoenix and its related context of the fire-bird. We examined its relationships with political power and recently with free market ideology. So the final question is: is it not possible that the symbol of...
liberazioni.org
In questo articolo, si analizzeranno quattro differenti situazioni culturali riguardanti lo statu... more In questo articolo, si analizzeranno quattro differenti situazioni culturali riguardanti lo status degli animali. La prima è quella relativa ai culti detti animistici o sciamanici, in cui ci si rapporta alle anime degli animali, ad esempio attraverso la trance. La seconda è quella ...
Questo testo avrebbe potuto intitolarsi in vari modi: in un primo momento esso fu pensato come un... more Questo testo avrebbe potuto intitolarsi in vari modi: in un primo momento esso fu pensato come una «genealogia dell'arte», con riferimento alle indagini genealogiche di Foucault. Lo stesso Foucault però nelle sue opere di carattere genealogico non ha mai utilizzato un ...
I mondi di Miyazaki (Miyazaki's Worlds) ed. by Matteo Boscarol, Mimesis, Milano, 2016
This short essay appeared in a book about Miyazaki. It is an analysis of Mononoke Hime, in the wa... more This short essay appeared in a book about Miyazaki. It is an analysis of Mononoke Hime, in the wake of the studies on culture of representation, in which I do not want to propose a new interpretation nor to develop a personal reflection. I only want to show the cultural background of this work, especially relating religious and historical aspects of Japan in a sort of iconology of contemporary imaginary.
I visual studies hanno compiuto un'importante opera di introduzione di temi antropologici e filos... more I visual studies hanno compiuto un'importante opera di introduzione di temi antropologici e filosofici nella questione della visione, ma hanno pur sempre mantenuto un approccio che vede, nel privilegiare la visione contro l'immagine, la permanenza della centralità del soggetto che si difende dal potere delle immagini e che è in linea con la condanna protestante delle immagini.
Il contesto è quello del dibattito sulle nozioni di "teologia politica" e "katéchon", in rapporto... more Il contesto è quello del dibattito sulle nozioni di "teologia politica" e "katéchon", in rapporto all'attuale fase di crisi economica e sociale che colpisce o tallona paesi un tempo ricchi come quelli europei. Molti vedono questo come uno scenario apocalittico di corruzione non solo economica, ma generale. La domanda è: si tratta di un'apocalisse globale? Investe dunque anche il cosiddetto "Oriente"? Dalla risposta a questa domanda si può capire non solo la situazione "orientale", ma si possono forse vedere meglio anche i limiti dell'impostazione teologico-politica occidentale.
A New Cultural Theory of Aesthetics, 2023
This essay argues that beauty is always connected to a culture of appreciation and a form of idea... more This essay argues that beauty is always connected to a culture of appreciation and a form of idealization. In the arts, the same cultural principles that guide the development of certain trends also guide the development of parameters for appreciating them. Those who do not understand them because they ignore such parameters may say "I do not like it" but not "it is not beautiful" because their judgment is not competent. Someone who says he does not like opera or nō theater is saying something subjective, and his judgment cannot be objected to, but he cannot say that opera or nō theater is ugly and worthless. If he does not understand them, that is his problem not because of that these art forms cease to be valid. On the other hand, one cannot believe in a naive objectivity of artistic talent by thinking that it is rooted in genes or neuronal circuits.
The genetic basis determines art the way the tennis court determines good matches. Someone will win but the one who loses also plays on the same court. One then can say that having a predisposition for art is like having a good racket. You try playing with Djokovic's racket and see what you are capable of doing. The great artist does not have some kind of magic racket, but he has a "magic" history in which he learned, understood and realized what his culture demanded of artistic production at that time.
Quando vediamo un ritratto pensiamo di vedere un individuo, sembra ovvio. Tuttavia esso non è pre... more Quando vediamo un ritratto pensiamo di vedere un individuo, sembra ovvio. Tuttavia esso non è presente né in tutte le culture, né in tutte le fasi storiche, neanche nella stessa cultura occidentale. Perché? Spesso troviamo al suo posto o al suo fianco tutta una serie di pratiche affini o contrastanti con esso come le maschere, le caricature, i tatuaggi facciali, i camuffamenti, la plastica facciale ecc. Che rapporto hanno tutte queste pratiche, ritratto incluso, con la questione della definizione dell'individuo o individuazione? In questo volume, allora, in un viaggio tra culture ed epoche storiche diverse, dipaniamo tale questione con l'aiuto degli image studies (Belting, Freedman, ecc.) e con l'aiuto di filosofi come Simondon che hanno fatto dell'individuazione la chiave della loro ricerca.
Il libro offre una genealogia dell'arte intesa come nozione e come valore e vuole offrire una ris... more Il libro offre una genealogia dell'arte intesa come nozione e come valore e vuole offrire una risposta storica alla domanda "Che cos'è un'opera d'arte?"
Questa breve opera deriva da un piccolo ciclo di lezioni sull'estetica contemporanea che ho tenut... more Questa breve opera deriva da un piccolo ciclo di lezioni sull'estetica contemporanea che ho tenuto all'università di Tor Vergata nell'anno 2012-2013. In questo caso, poiché il testo non si rivolge a un pubblico specializzato, userò un linguaggio divulgativo, colloquiale, informale e ricco di esempi, ma non per questo si vuole rinunciare a un'impostazione metodologica e critica che eviti i cliché delle pubblicazioni che trattano questi argomenti in maniera amatoriale, in modo che possa essere un'introduzione valida anche per gli studenti universitari. Trattandosi di un argomento vastissimo, nelle poche pagine in cui mi è stato chiesto di contenere l'argomento, mi limiterò solo a offrire degli spunti. Infatti, il mio intento non è quello di riassumere un lista di nozioni, come fanno i divulgatori di professione, e di volgarizzarli in un linguaggio chiaro e accessibile elencato per punti in modo didascalico e didattico. Questo tipo di lavoro presuppone delle certezze, ovvero un discorso già deciso e codificato dagli esperti, di cui si accettano le verità in modo indiscusso e si procede pertanto solo alla loro trasformazione in parole povere o in riassuntini. Questo non è quello che sarà fatto qui. Non vi saranno presentati dei piatti pronti alla portata di tutti, in stile fast food, ma sarete portati, anche se solo per una rapida occhiata, nelle cucine. Se dobbiamo scegliere tra
It is often said that the doctrine of natural law provides a theoretical foundation for positive ... more It is often said that the doctrine of natural law provides a theoretical foundation for positive law, so that human rights, which are rooted in natural law, should be at the core of any positive law. My interpretation overturns this point of view, because it considers the relationship between natural law and positive law as a conflict, in which natural law tries to subvert the power of positive law, though this is based on people's sovereignty. This means that it is possible to consider natural law theories as ways of taking power, which impose limits to the action of positive law and to the legitimacy of political institutions. Finally, natural law subverts politics itself by transcending it. This transcendence expresses the supremacy of entities that are autonomous and out of people's control. They can be something that is before humanity-like God as a creator-or after humanity (post-human) like self-regulated market and its technological creations, including a possible self-conscious AI. In this sense human rights, being linked to natural law and limiting the power of positive law, facilitate the development of post-human self-regulated entities in the fields of economy and technology. Summary: 1. Premessa; 2. La natura umana; 3. Umanità del diritto o no?; 3.1. Il diritto naturale da Aristotele ad Agostino; 3.2. Il diritto di resistenza; 3.3. La proprietà privata moderna come immunità e come diritto naturale; 4. Diritto naturale e diritti umani; 5. Il diritto naturale come presupposto dei diritti umani e le due obiezioni fondamentali ad esso; 6. Il punto di vista postumano sul diritto; 7. Cosa rimane dei diritti umani e perché non è così semplice liquidarli; 8. Conclusioni: il postumano e i diritti umani. …ché frenarsi dee sapere l'uomo saggio. Euripide, Le Baccanti.