Valmiki Rama Krishna | Tumkur University (original) (raw)
Papers by Valmiki Rama Krishna
Social Science Research Network, Jan 2, 2010
Social inequality is their in Indian society since from the ancient time. Among the other factors... more Social inequality is their in Indian society since from the ancient time. Among the other factors which contributed for the inequality, the caste system in the Indian society occupies the predominant role. As the lower caste were to subject traditional work with low income earnings. Scheduled caste has low Social and Economic Status. The low status is on account of socio-cultural economic and political restrictions imposed on them traditionally by the Society at large. These restrictions resulted in confining the arena of activity of the scheduled caste to a limit. As this environment continued even after India’s independence, and the constitutional provisions came into force for the achievement of social justice and equality. As the process of transformation of lower caste people had taken place. Further, the impact of reservation provisions within the lower caste benefited and few of them emerged as elites among the lower caste. Particularly in the state of Karnataka the scheduled caste transformation is being taken place by the involvement of elite people from scheduled caste. Thus, the present paper examines the efforts of the scheduled caste elites and their organizations to improve the social, economic and culture of scheduled caste people. It also intends to identify the roles of scheduled caste elites and organizations for creating political awareness among the schedule caste people. The paper also intends to focuses on the over all social transformation in Gulbarga District from the members of scheduled castes.
Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal, 2016
Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government h... more Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government has taken steps to maintain public health, by opening health centers, hospitals, mobile hospitals, organizing mass awareness camps on health and so on. In this paper we will discuss Infant mortality rate is an excellent indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. India is facing severe problems related to the infant mortality. The statistics revealed that neonatal death rate is the highest in the world (43 per 1000 live births). A quarter of world’s neonatal deaths (one million) each year take place in India, mostly at home (65.4% of all births and 75.3% of births in rural areas occur at home). It may be noted that despite the great importance of the subject, no information is available regarding the details of the causes of deaths. As discussed above, infant mortality is a major health problem and government is more concerned towards solving such health problem by reducing ...
Social Science Research Network, Jul 14, 2016
Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government h... more Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government has taken steps to maintain public health, by opening health centers, hospitals, mobile hospitals, organizing mass awareness camps on health and so on. In this paper we will discuss Infant mortality rate is an excellent indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. India is facing severe problems related to the infant mortality. The statistics revealed that neonatal death rate is the highest in the world (43 per 1000 live births). A quarter of world’s neonatal deaths (one million) each year take place in India, mostly at home (65.4% of all births and 75.3% of births in rural areas occur at home). It may be noted that despite the great importance of the subject, no information is available regarding the details of the causes of deaths. As discussed above, infant mortality is a major health problem and government is more concerned towards solving such health problem by reducing infant mortality rate. Further, the reasons for infant mortality include socio-cultural beliefs, education of mother, regular health check-up, lack of proper health care facilities, etc. Further paper will evaluate the child mortality patterns which do vary for the urban and the rural areas. The relation between the female and male mortality rates hold quite strongly in rural areas whereas in the urban areas these are weakly linked. It can be concluded that infant mortality is the result of socio-economic characteristics of mothers and households, demographic characteristics of children, and health-care behaviour of mothers, availability of health care facilities, etc. will be evaluated and concluding remarks and suggestions will be carried out in this paper.
Education for all has always been an integral part of the sustainable development agenda. Educati... more Education for all has always been an integral part of the sustainable development agenda. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) takes a holistic and realistic approach to learning by linking ecological, social and economic aspects of our daily lives. Thus ESD develops students' knowledge of environmental challenges and their abilities to promote sustainable development by fostering holistic, critical and independent thinking, the ability to formulate and solve problems and the ability to participate in democratic systems and to take responsibility for the well-being of our planet will be discussed in this paper. ESD can be implemented in educational practice which reveals a more competent child who can think and make well considered decisions. Further the paper also tries to highlight the issues of environmental changes and the principle of sustainability through education. The sustainable education for all require a new educational trend which is responsible accountable a...
Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and internation... more Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and international society. It is an important input in the developmental process. The status of under-nutrition and malnutrition in women and children, by direct intervention (Provision of supplementary nutrition) is not likely to improve unless the dietary practices improve at the household level. Selective supplementary nutrition programme for below poverty lines may be continued. There are large scale variations in health achievements among people in society and with gender inequality in health matters. This paper contributes to a nascent scholarly discussion of women’s health status in Karnataka. This study uses data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-1&2 Karnataka where detailed information was collected on pregnant women who received antenatal services, women’s food consumption, and nutritional status among married women with iron deficiency. Further the study also addresses the Caste wise...
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 2019
Soon after independence, the main thrust of Indian Government centered on meeting the basic needs... more Soon after independence, the main thrust of Indian Government centered on meeting the basic needs of India’s population which include food, clothing and shelter. With this perspective, the national policy makers looked at various measures to alleviate the rural poor. The process of self governance and planning by empowering the people through Panchayati Raj system although started nearly five decades earlier, but 73rd and 74th amendments in the Constitution of India brought an historic change in the process of decentralisation towards the grass root level and participation of people both in the formulation as well as implementation of the plans. The paper explores how the Constitution 73rd Amendment Act (1992), provided certainty, continuity and strength to the PRI’s for the welfare of the weaker sections through Decentralization. Uniform three-tier level of the village, block and district levels, direct elections to all seats and at all levels, indirect elections to chairper...
Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges... more Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life so that, we can’t neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment. Education is the first step towards empowerment and the most crucial factor in overall development of the individual as well as nation. Literacy sets one free from ignorance, exploitation and poverty. It liberates the minds, opening up new horizon, new hope/opportunities and self-confidence further equipping them with the knowledge, skills, self-respect and freedom to participate sustain and excel in their life. Illiteracy on the other hand, breeds ignorance, which, leads to exploitation, poverty, neglect crimes and number of social evils. Literacy deprives women from all opportunities and further prospects of leading a meaningful life and enjoying good standard of living. In this background the present paper discusses Education as an effective instrument for social and economic development and national integration. Further the paper explores the ideas of education and how education enables women to understand their social and legal rights, become economically independent acquire a voice in the affairs of the family and the community. Education is a gateway to information, opportunities and empowerment. In this backdrop the paper will discuss the role of education and women empowerment through public participation particularly with working women teachers in high schools in Gulbarga city and finally the paper put forth the suggestions and recommendations how far the empowerment of women achieved through public participation and empowerment as an important tool for women’s development.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world’s most unique ea... more Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world’s most unique early childhood development programme, which is being satisfactorily operated since three decades of its existence. The programme provides package of services, comprising supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-up, referral services to children below six years of age and expectant and nursing mothers. Non-formal pre-school education is imparted to children of the age group 3-6 years and health and nutrition education to women in the age group 15-45 years. High priority is accorded to the needs of the most vulnerable younger children under three years of age in the programme through capacity building of caregivers to provide stimulation and quality early childhood care. In this backdrop the paper considers the ICDS has performance well in our socio-cultural system during last few years to ensure children’s right for survival, growth, protection and development and their active p...
India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where abou... more India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where about 70 percent of the people are dependent upon land for their livelihood and 75 per cent live in rural India. Indian villages are suffering from economic distress due to the lower per capita income, illiteracy and wide spread malnutrition and under nutrition. They also suffer from the absence of basic amenities such as better housing facilities, transportation and communication services. In view of the recommendations of the commission appointed from time to time in accordance to the policies and programmes implemented from government and other agencies for socio-economic development of rural people the paper explores government initiatives, implications and explores the connotations of development of rural people. Further, the manuscript seeks to examine, explores the poverty in India with special interest with rural population and evaluation of the programmes and policies and implementa...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
... 70-71. 9. Malvika M. Deshpande (2007). ―Democratic Politics Through Empowerment of Women,‖ Ka... more ... 70-71. 9. Malvika M. Deshpande (2007). ―Democratic Politics Through Empowerment of Women,‖ Karnataka Journal of Politics, Vol. ... 8. 12. Nupur Tiwari (2009). ―Rethinking the Rotation Term of Reservation in Panchayats,‖ Economic & Political Weekly, VOL 44 No. ...
Entrepreneurship is now widely studied and written about in management and business schools. One ... more Entrepreneurship is now widely studied and written about in management and business schools. One leading management specialist, Peter Drucker, has extended the notion of entrepreneurship by emphasizing opportunity. Business Education prepares students for employment and or continuing education opportunities in business through technical instruction in the classroom, experiential education in the laboratory, student internships, and through leadership and personal development by participating in student leadership organizations. In this backdrop the paper will discusses the Business Education Pathways which are based on the national business and finance career cluster pathways. To make rational decisions, young people need to think more strategically about their futures. This is particularly important in India, where students often have to make life-defining decisions about their educational future by age 15 the time when many choose whether to pursue academic or vocational tracks. Students need more and better-quality information about different career paths, and need to be motivated to use it. By taking Business Education courses, students develop the academic knowledge and technical skills to successfully advance to the fast-paced business world. Further the paper will review the business advances and the complexity of the business education which is increasing and making the youth of India as entrepreneurs and making significant contributions to the economic development of the state. In conclusion the paper will bring the drawback with the policies made and international competence issues in employment and entrepreneurship.
India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where abou... more India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where about 70 percent of the people are dependent upon land for their livelihood and 75 per cent live in rural India. Indian villages are suffering from economic distress due to the lower per capita income, illiteracy and wide spread malnutrition and under nutrition. They also suffer from the absence of basic amenities such as better housing facilities, transportation and communication services.
Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges... more Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life so that, we can't neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment. Education is the first step towards empowerment and the most crucial factor in overall development of the individual as well as nation. Literacy sets one free from ignorance, exploitation and poverty. It liberates the minds , opening up new horizon ,new hope/ opportunities and selfconfidence further equipping them with the knowledge, skills, self-respect and freedom to participate sustain and excel in their life .Illiteracy on the other hand ,breeds ignorance ,which ,leads to exploitation , poverty, neglect crimes and number of social evils. Literacy deprives women from all opportunities and further prospects of leading a meaningful life and enjoying good standard of living. In this background the present paper discusses Education as an effective instrument for social and economic development and national integration. Further the paper explores the ideas of education and how education enables women to understand their social and legal rights, become economically independent acquire a voice in the affairs of the family and the community. Education is a gateway to information, opportunities and empowerment. In this backdrop the paper will discuss the role of education and women empowerment through public participation particularly with working women teachers in high schools in Gulbarga city and finally the paper put forth the suggestions and recommendations how far the empowerment of women achieved through public participation and empowerment as an important tool for women's development.
Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and internation... more Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and international society. It is an important input in the developmental process. The status of under-nutrition and malnutrition in women and children, by direct intervention (Provision of supplementary nutrition) is not likely to improve unless the dietary practices improve at the household level. Selective supplementary nutrition programme for below poverty lines may be continued. There are large scale variations in health achievements among people in society and with gender inequality in health matters.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world's most unique ea... more Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world's most unique early childhood development programme, which is being satisfactorily operated since three decades of its existence. The programme provides package of services, comprising supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-up, referral services to children below six years of age and expectant and nursing mothers. Non-formal preschool education is imparted to children of the age group 3-6 years and health and nutrition education to women in the age group 15-45 years. High priority is accorded to the needs of the most vulnerable younger children under three years of age in the programme through capacity building of caregivers to provide stimulation and quality early childhood care. In this backdrop the paper considers the ICDS has performance well in our socio-cultural system during last few years to ensure children's right for survival, growth, protection and development and their active participation in environment where they live, grow and develop. On the basis of ICDS programme it is to discuss in this paper about role played by anganwadis through out the country for improvement of health and nutrition status for children in rural areas especially and in particular to analyze the performance of the anganwadis in view of funds allocated through five year plans and finally to paper will conclude the project implementation progress in order to bring the universal health and education in rural areas for the growth of development and made some suggestions in implementation of the ICDS and anganwadis role performance to carry out the project in an effective and efficient manner with the cooperation of the government, semi governments and other stake holders to achieve the millennium development goals of Government of India.
Social Science Research Network, Jan 2, 2010
Social inequality is their in Indian society since from the ancient time. Among the other factors... more Social inequality is their in Indian society since from the ancient time. Among the other factors which contributed for the inequality, the caste system in the Indian society occupies the predominant role. As the lower caste were to subject traditional work with low income earnings. Scheduled caste has low Social and Economic Status. The low status is on account of socio-cultural economic and political restrictions imposed on them traditionally by the Society at large. These restrictions resulted in confining the arena of activity of the scheduled caste to a limit. As this environment continued even after India’s independence, and the constitutional provisions came into force for the achievement of social justice and equality. As the process of transformation of lower caste people had taken place. Further, the impact of reservation provisions within the lower caste benefited and few of them emerged as elites among the lower caste. Particularly in the state of Karnataka the scheduled caste transformation is being taken place by the involvement of elite people from scheduled caste. Thus, the present paper examines the efforts of the scheduled caste elites and their organizations to improve the social, economic and culture of scheduled caste people. It also intends to identify the roles of scheduled caste elites and organizations for creating political awareness among the schedule caste people. The paper also intends to focuses on the over all social transformation in Gulbarga District from the members of scheduled castes.
Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal, 2016
Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government h... more Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government has taken steps to maintain public health, by opening health centers, hospitals, mobile hospitals, organizing mass awareness camps on health and so on. In this paper we will discuss Infant mortality rate is an excellent indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. India is facing severe problems related to the infant mortality. The statistics revealed that neonatal death rate is the highest in the world (43 per 1000 live births). A quarter of world’s neonatal deaths (one million) each year take place in India, mostly at home (65.4% of all births and 75.3% of births in rural areas occur at home). It may be noted that despite the great importance of the subject, no information is available regarding the details of the causes of deaths. As discussed above, infant mortality is a major health problem and government is more concerned towards solving such health problem by reducing ...
Social Science Research Network, Jul 14, 2016
Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government h... more Assuring public health services is primary duty of every government and as such, the government has taken steps to maintain public health, by opening health centers, hospitals, mobile hospitals, organizing mass awareness camps on health and so on. In this paper we will discuss Infant mortality rate is an excellent indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. India is facing severe problems related to the infant mortality. The statistics revealed that neonatal death rate is the highest in the world (43 per 1000 live births). A quarter of world’s neonatal deaths (one million) each year take place in India, mostly at home (65.4% of all births and 75.3% of births in rural areas occur at home). It may be noted that despite the great importance of the subject, no information is available regarding the details of the causes of deaths. As discussed above, infant mortality is a major health problem and government is more concerned towards solving such health problem by reducing infant mortality rate. Further, the reasons for infant mortality include socio-cultural beliefs, education of mother, regular health check-up, lack of proper health care facilities, etc. Further paper will evaluate the child mortality patterns which do vary for the urban and the rural areas. The relation between the female and male mortality rates hold quite strongly in rural areas whereas in the urban areas these are weakly linked. It can be concluded that infant mortality is the result of socio-economic characteristics of mothers and households, demographic characteristics of children, and health-care behaviour of mothers, availability of health care facilities, etc. will be evaluated and concluding remarks and suggestions will be carried out in this paper.
Education for all has always been an integral part of the sustainable development agenda. Educati... more Education for all has always been an integral part of the sustainable development agenda. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) takes a holistic and realistic approach to learning by linking ecological, social and economic aspects of our daily lives. Thus ESD develops students' knowledge of environmental challenges and their abilities to promote sustainable development by fostering holistic, critical and independent thinking, the ability to formulate and solve problems and the ability to participate in democratic systems and to take responsibility for the well-being of our planet will be discussed in this paper. ESD can be implemented in educational practice which reveals a more competent child who can think and make well considered decisions. Further the paper also tries to highlight the issues of environmental changes and the principle of sustainability through education. The sustainable education for all require a new educational trend which is responsible accountable a...
Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and internation... more Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and international society. It is an important input in the developmental process. The status of under-nutrition and malnutrition in women and children, by direct intervention (Provision of supplementary nutrition) is not likely to improve unless the dietary practices improve at the household level. Selective supplementary nutrition programme for below poverty lines may be continued. There are large scale variations in health achievements among people in society and with gender inequality in health matters. This paper contributes to a nascent scholarly discussion of women’s health status in Karnataka. This study uses data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-1&2 Karnataka where detailed information was collected on pregnant women who received antenatal services, women’s food consumption, and nutritional status among married women with iron deficiency. Further the study also addresses the Caste wise...
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 2019
Soon after independence, the main thrust of Indian Government centered on meeting the basic needs... more Soon after independence, the main thrust of Indian Government centered on meeting the basic needs of India’s population which include food, clothing and shelter. With this perspective, the national policy makers looked at various measures to alleviate the rural poor. The process of self governance and planning by empowering the people through Panchayati Raj system although started nearly five decades earlier, but 73rd and 74th amendments in the Constitution of India brought an historic change in the process of decentralisation towards the grass root level and participation of people both in the formulation as well as implementation of the plans. The paper explores how the Constitution 73rd Amendment Act (1992), provided certainty, continuity and strength to the PRI’s for the welfare of the weaker sections through Decentralization. Uniform three-tier level of the village, block and district levels, direct elections to all seats and at all levels, indirect elections to chairper...
Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges... more Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life so that, we can’t neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment. Education is the first step towards empowerment and the most crucial factor in overall development of the individual as well as nation. Literacy sets one free from ignorance, exploitation and poverty. It liberates the minds, opening up new horizon, new hope/opportunities and self-confidence further equipping them with the knowledge, skills, self-respect and freedom to participate sustain and excel in their life. Illiteracy on the other hand, breeds ignorance, which, leads to exploitation, poverty, neglect crimes and number of social evils. Literacy deprives women from all opportunities and further prospects of leading a meaningful life and enjoying good standard of living. In this background the present paper discusses Education as an effective instrument for social and economic development and national integration. Further the paper explores the ideas of education and how education enables women to understand their social and legal rights, become economically independent acquire a voice in the affairs of the family and the community. Education is a gateway to information, opportunities and empowerment. In this backdrop the paper will discuss the role of education and women empowerment through public participation particularly with working women teachers in high schools in Gulbarga city and finally the paper put forth the suggestions and recommendations how far the empowerment of women achieved through public participation and empowerment as an important tool for women’s development.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world’s most unique ea... more Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world’s most unique early childhood development programme, which is being satisfactorily operated since three decades of its existence. The programme provides package of services, comprising supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-up, referral services to children below six years of age and expectant and nursing mothers. Non-formal pre-school education is imparted to children of the age group 3-6 years and health and nutrition education to women in the age group 15-45 years. High priority is accorded to the needs of the most vulnerable younger children under three years of age in the programme through capacity building of caregivers to provide stimulation and quality early childhood care. In this backdrop the paper considers the ICDS has performance well in our socio-cultural system during last few years to ensure children’s right for survival, growth, protection and development and their active p...
India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where abou... more India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where about 70 percent of the people are dependent upon land for their livelihood and 75 per cent live in rural India. Indian villages are suffering from economic distress due to the lower per capita income, illiteracy and wide spread malnutrition and under nutrition. They also suffer from the absence of basic amenities such as better housing facilities, transportation and communication services. In view of the recommendations of the commission appointed from time to time in accordance to the policies and programmes implemented from government and other agencies for socio-economic development of rural people the paper explores government initiatives, implications and explores the connotations of development of rural people. Further, the manuscript seeks to examine, explores the poverty in India with special interest with rural population and evaluation of the programmes and policies and implementa...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
... 70-71. 9. Malvika M. Deshpande (2007). ―Democratic Politics Through Empowerment of Women,‖ Ka... more ... 70-71. 9. Malvika M. Deshpande (2007). ―Democratic Politics Through Empowerment of Women,‖ Karnataka Journal of Politics, Vol. ... 8. 12. Nupur Tiwari (2009). ―Rethinking the Rotation Term of Reservation in Panchayats,‖ Economic & Political Weekly, VOL 44 No. ...
Entrepreneurship is now widely studied and written about in management and business schools. One ... more Entrepreneurship is now widely studied and written about in management and business schools. One leading management specialist, Peter Drucker, has extended the notion of entrepreneurship by emphasizing opportunity. Business Education prepares students for employment and or continuing education opportunities in business through technical instruction in the classroom, experiential education in the laboratory, student internships, and through leadership and personal development by participating in student leadership organizations. In this backdrop the paper will discusses the Business Education Pathways which are based on the national business and finance career cluster pathways. To make rational decisions, young people need to think more strategically about their futures. This is particularly important in India, where students often have to make life-defining decisions about their educational future by age 15 the time when many choose whether to pursue academic or vocational tracks. Students need more and better-quality information about different career paths, and need to be motivated to use it. By taking Business Education courses, students develop the academic knowledge and technical skills to successfully advance to the fast-paced business world. Further the paper will review the business advances and the complexity of the business education which is increasing and making the youth of India as entrepreneurs and making significant contributions to the economic development of the state. In conclusion the paper will bring the drawback with the policies made and international competence issues in employment and entrepreneurship.
India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where abou... more India is essentially a nation of villages. It is predominantly an agricultural country where about 70 percent of the people are dependent upon land for their livelihood and 75 per cent live in rural India. Indian villages are suffering from economic distress due to the lower per capita income, illiteracy and wide spread malnutrition and under nutrition. They also suffer from the absence of basic amenities such as better housing facilities, transportation and communication services.
Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges... more Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their life so that, we can't neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment. Education is the first step towards empowerment and the most crucial factor in overall development of the individual as well as nation. Literacy sets one free from ignorance, exploitation and poverty. It liberates the minds , opening up new horizon ,new hope/ opportunities and selfconfidence further equipping them with the knowledge, skills, self-respect and freedom to participate sustain and excel in their life .Illiteracy on the other hand ,breeds ignorance ,which ,leads to exploitation , poverty, neglect crimes and number of social evils. Literacy deprives women from all opportunities and further prospects of leading a meaningful life and enjoying good standard of living. In this background the present paper discusses Education as an effective instrument for social and economic development and national integration. Further the paper explores the ideas of education and how education enables women to understand their social and legal rights, become economically independent acquire a voice in the affairs of the family and the community. Education is a gateway to information, opportunities and empowerment. In this backdrop the paper will discuss the role of education and women empowerment through public participation particularly with working women teachers in high schools in Gulbarga city and finally the paper put forth the suggestions and recommendations how far the empowerment of women achieved through public participation and empowerment as an important tool for women's development.
Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and internation... more Health is an essential requirement of every individual and so much so of national and international society. It is an important input in the developmental process. The status of under-nutrition and malnutrition in women and children, by direct intervention (Provision of supplementary nutrition) is not likely to improve unless the dietary practices improve at the household level. Selective supplementary nutrition programme for below poverty lines may be continued. There are large scale variations in health achievements among people in society and with gender inequality in health matters.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world's most unique ea... more Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme continues to be the world's most unique early childhood development programme, which is being satisfactorily operated since three decades of its existence. The programme provides package of services, comprising supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-up, referral services to children below six years of age and expectant and nursing mothers. Non-formal preschool education is imparted to children of the age group 3-6 years and health and nutrition education to women in the age group 15-45 years. High priority is accorded to the needs of the most vulnerable younger children under three years of age in the programme through capacity building of caregivers to provide stimulation and quality early childhood care. In this backdrop the paper considers the ICDS has performance well in our socio-cultural system during last few years to ensure children's right for survival, growth, protection and development and their active participation in environment where they live, grow and develop. On the basis of ICDS programme it is to discuss in this paper about role played by anganwadis through out the country for improvement of health and nutrition status for children in rural areas especially and in particular to analyze the performance of the anganwadis in view of funds allocated through five year plans and finally to paper will conclude the project implementation progress in order to bring the universal health and education in rural areas for the growth of development and made some suggestions in implementation of the ICDS and anganwadis role performance to carry out the project in an effective and efficient manner with the cooperation of the government, semi governments and other stake holders to achieve the millennium development goals of Government of India.