safora arefian | Tehran University of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by safora arefian
PubMed, Dec 28, 2008
Background: Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almo... more Background: Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. At present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. This method is requiring a time consuming and ex-pensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. Classification of workplaces based on noise pollution is one of the necessaries for macro programming view of monitoring and controlling of noise. The Propose of this study was to submit a simply scientifically screening method for inspection of noise pollution in workplaces. Methods: In this experimental study, the results of instrument based and checklist based of noise in-vestigation was compared. For designing of proposed screening checklist and instrumental measuring based, 30 workplaces with more than 20 workers in Hamadan industrial area (west of Iran) were stud-ied. The suggested screening checklist containing a 3*10 matrix can use for recognition step of noise assessment in a large scale investigations. Results: Comparison of the results of the noise screening test with the outcome of a noise measurement by sound level meter, gave a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 85%. Conclusion: The screening test will be useable, if we only want to estimate the global noise pollution in workplaces.
Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal, 2015
Introduction: PAHs are organic compounds with benzenic rings that releas from hot asphalt as inco... more Introduction: PAHs are organic compounds with benzenic rings that releas from hot asphalt as incomplete combusting. These compounds are one of the major concern in scientific societies, workplace and environment due to their stability, bioaccumulation, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Since asphalt workers are exposed to PAHs frequently in their job, in this study it was attempted to evaluate respiratory exposure of asphalt workers to PAHs in their breathing zone. Material and Method: In this study air samples of the asphalt workers were collected in accordance with the NIOSH 5506 method using PTFE filter and XAD-2 adsorbent. The ultrasonic bath and acetonithrile are used in order to extract the analytes from the filter and adsorbent. Also, the samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV. Result: In all samples, Finisher assistance and oilman with 1754.48 ng/m 3 , 24.65 ng/m 3 had maximum and minimum exposed to ∑PAH, respectively. Among the PAHs compounds, which asphalt workers exposed to, Naphtalene had the highest concentration. Among different asphalt workers tasks, screedman expoused to PAHs, had a significant difference. Conclusion: Evaluation of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in the breathing zone of asphalt workers indicated that exposure to these compounds were below the occupational exposure limits recommended by NIOSH, OSAH, ACGIH and Iranian OEL. Due to the highly carcinogenic potential of some of these compounds and absence of occupational exposure limits for these compounds, likes Chrysene and Benzo (a) Anthracene, it is strictly recommended to employ engineering controls and using suitable PPEs. This study also indicated that the exposure to PAHs in the most asphalt workers tasks had significant differences, and it can be due to proximity of the workers to the source of hot asphalt and also exposure to the exhaust gases that releasesd from the construction machinery.
Journal of research in health sciences, 2008
BACKGROUND Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almos... more BACKGROUND Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. At present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. This method is requiring a time consuming and ex-pensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. Classification of workplaces based on noise pollution is one of the necessaries for macro programming view of monitoring and controlling of noise. The Propose of this study was to submit a simply scientifically screening method for inspection of noise pollution in workplaces. METHODS In this experimental study, the results of instrument based and checklist based of noise in-vestigation was compared. For designing of proposed screening checklist and instrumental measuring based, 30 workplaces with more than 20 workers in Hamadan industrial area (west of Iran) were stud-ied. The suggested screening checklist containing a 3*10 matrix can use f...
Національний педагогічний університет імені В.Г.Короленка, м. Полтава ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОЇ ... more Національний педагогічний університет імені В.Г.Короленка, м. Полтава ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У ПРАКТИЧНИХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ СИСТЕМИ ОСВІТИ У статті визначені особливості метакогнітивної компетентності практичних психологів системи освіти як необхідної умови їх ефективного професійного становлення. Представлено опис програми тренінгу міжсистемної взаємодії сім'ї та освітніх інституцій, направленого на формування професійно важливих якостей практичного психолога, що базуються на метакогнітивній компетентності майбутнього фахівця. Ключові слова: метакогнітивна компетентність, міжсистемна взаємодія, модератор міжсистемної взаємодії, тренінг системної взаємодії, системність мислення практичного психолога, компетентнісний підхід. К.В. Седых, В.А. Лавриненко ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МЕТАКОГНИТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ У ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПСИХОЛОГОВ СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В статье определены особенности метакогнитивной компетентности практических психологов системы образования как необходимого условия их эффективного профессионального становления. Представлено описание программы тренинга межсистемного взаимодействия семьи и образовательных институций, направленного на формирование профессионально важных качеств практического психолога, которые базируются на метакогнитивной компетентности будущего специалиста. Ключевые слова: метакогнитивная компетентность, межсистемное взаимодействие, модератор межсистемного взаимодействия, тренинг системного взаимодействия, системность мышления практического психолога, компетентностный подход. K.V. Sedych, V.A. Lavrinenko THE FORMING OF METACOGNITIVE COMPETENCE OF PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM The article is aimed to reveal the specificity of metacognitive competence of practical psychologists of educational system as a necessary condition of their effective professional becoming. The description of training program of intersystem interaction of family and educational institutions, directed on forming of practical psychologists professional important qualities that bases on metacognitive competence of future specialist are submitted.
Iranian journal of public health, 2012
Welding can produce dangerous fumes containing various metals especially carcinogenic ones. Occup... more Welding can produce dangerous fumes containing various metals especially carcinogenic ones. Occupational exposure to welding fumes is associated with lung cancer. Therefore, welders in Gas Transmission Pipelines are known as a high-risk group. This study was designed to determinate the amounts of metals Cr, Ni, and Cd in breathing zone and urine of welders and to assess the possibility of introducing urinary metals as a biomarker due to occupational exposure. In this cross sectional study, 94 individuals from Gas Transmission Pipelines welders, Iran, Borujen in 2011 were selected and classified into 3 groups including Welders, Back Welders and Assistances. The sampling procedures were performed according to NIOSH 7300 for total chromium, nickel, and cadmium and NIOSH 7600 for Cr+6. For all participants urine samples were collected during the entire work shift and metals in urine were determined according to NIOSH 8310. Back Welders and Assistances groups had maximum and minimum expo...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...
International Journal of Occupational Hygiene, 2015
Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for ... more Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for good assessment of exposed workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk levels for exposed welders to welding gases. Welders (n=239) were selected from Iranian Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Industry from four regions in Iran including Assaluyeh, Omidieh, Loshan, and Borujen. Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) samples were collected according to the OSHA ID-214 method and the NIOSH analytical method 6014, respectively. Direct reading instruments were used for sampling of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A semi-quantitative method was used for risk assessment. Exposure to O3, NO2, CO, and CO2 ranged 0-0.0371, 0.01-0.58, 0.375-4.33, and 89.5- 1395.44 ppm, respectively. Among welders, Back weld group had the maximum exposure to O3, CO, CO2, while, the maximum exposure to NO2 was seen for Filling group and then for Back weld group. Although average exposu...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...
Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for ... more Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for good assessment of exposed workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk levels for exposed welders to welding gases. Welders (n=239) were selected from Iranian Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Industry from four regions in Iran including Assaluyeh, Omidieh, Loshan, and Borujen. Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) samples were collected according to the OSHA ID-214 method and the NIOSH analytical method 6014, respectively. Direct reading instruments were used for sampling of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A semi-quantitative method was used for risk assessment. Exposure to O3, NO2, CO, and CO2 ranged 0-0.0371, 0.01-0.58, 0.375-4.33, and 89.5- 1395.44 ppm, respectively. Among welders, Back weld group had the maximum exposure to O3, CO, CO2, while, the maximum exposure to NO2 was seen for Filling group and then for Back weld group. Although average exposu...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...
PubMed, Dec 28, 2008
Background: Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almo... more Background: Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. At present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. This method is requiring a time consuming and ex-pensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. Classification of workplaces based on noise pollution is one of the necessaries for macro programming view of monitoring and controlling of noise. The Propose of this study was to submit a simply scientifically screening method for inspection of noise pollution in workplaces. Methods: In this experimental study, the results of instrument based and checklist based of noise in-vestigation was compared. For designing of proposed screening checklist and instrumental measuring based, 30 workplaces with more than 20 workers in Hamadan industrial area (west of Iran) were stud-ied. The suggested screening checklist containing a 3*10 matrix can use for recognition step of noise assessment in a large scale investigations. Results: Comparison of the results of the noise screening test with the outcome of a noise measurement by sound level meter, gave a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 85%. Conclusion: The screening test will be useable, if we only want to estimate the global noise pollution in workplaces.
Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal, 2015
Introduction: PAHs are organic compounds with benzenic rings that releas from hot asphalt as inco... more Introduction: PAHs are organic compounds with benzenic rings that releas from hot asphalt as incomplete combusting. These compounds are one of the major concern in scientific societies, workplace and environment due to their stability, bioaccumulation, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Since asphalt workers are exposed to PAHs frequently in their job, in this study it was attempted to evaluate respiratory exposure of asphalt workers to PAHs in their breathing zone. Material and Method: In this study air samples of the asphalt workers were collected in accordance with the NIOSH 5506 method using PTFE filter and XAD-2 adsorbent. The ultrasonic bath and acetonithrile are used in order to extract the analytes from the filter and adsorbent. Also, the samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV. Result: In all samples, Finisher assistance and oilman with 1754.48 ng/m 3 , 24.65 ng/m 3 had maximum and minimum exposed to ∑PAH, respectively. Among the PAHs compounds, which asphalt workers exposed to, Naphtalene had the highest concentration. Among different asphalt workers tasks, screedman expoused to PAHs, had a significant difference. Conclusion: Evaluation of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in the breathing zone of asphalt workers indicated that exposure to these compounds were below the occupational exposure limits recommended by NIOSH, OSAH, ACGIH and Iranian OEL. Due to the highly carcinogenic potential of some of these compounds and absence of occupational exposure limits for these compounds, likes Chrysene and Benzo (a) Anthracene, it is strictly recommended to employ engineering controls and using suitable PPEs. This study also indicated that the exposure to PAHs in the most asphalt workers tasks had significant differences, and it can be due to proximity of the workers to the source of hot asphalt and also exposure to the exhaust gases that releasesd from the construction machinery.
Journal of research in health sciences, 2008
BACKGROUND Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almos... more BACKGROUND Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. At present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. This method is requiring a time consuming and ex-pensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. Classification of workplaces based on noise pollution is one of the necessaries for macro programming view of monitoring and controlling of noise. The Propose of this study was to submit a simply scientifically screening method for inspection of noise pollution in workplaces. METHODS In this experimental study, the results of instrument based and checklist based of noise in-vestigation was compared. For designing of proposed screening checklist and instrumental measuring based, 30 workplaces with more than 20 workers in Hamadan industrial area (west of Iran) were stud-ied. The suggested screening checklist containing a 3*10 matrix can use f...
Національний педагогічний університет імені В.Г.Короленка, м. Полтава ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОЇ ... more Національний педагогічний університет імені В.Г.Короленка, м. Полтава ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕТАКОГНІТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У ПРАКТИЧНИХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ СИСТЕМИ ОСВІТИ У статті визначені особливості метакогнітивної компетентності практичних психологів системи освіти як необхідної умови їх ефективного професійного становлення. Представлено опис програми тренінгу міжсистемної взаємодії сім'ї та освітніх інституцій, направленого на формування професійно важливих якостей практичного психолога, що базуються на метакогнітивній компетентності майбутнього фахівця. Ключові слова: метакогнітивна компетентність, міжсистемна взаємодія, модератор міжсистемної взаємодії, тренінг системної взаємодії, системність мислення практичного психолога, компетентнісний підхід. К.В. Седых, В.А. Лавриненко ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МЕТАКОГНИТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ У ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПСИХОЛОГОВ СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В статье определены особенности метакогнитивной компетентности практических психологов системы образования как необходимого условия их эффективного профессионального становления. Представлено описание программы тренинга межсистемного взаимодействия семьи и образовательных институций, направленного на формирование профессионально важных качеств практического психолога, которые базируются на метакогнитивной компетентности будущего специалиста. Ключевые слова: метакогнитивная компетентность, межсистемное взаимодействие, модератор межсистемного взаимодействия, тренинг системного взаимодействия, системность мышления практического психолога, компетентностный подход. K.V. Sedych, V.A. Lavrinenko THE FORMING OF METACOGNITIVE COMPETENCE OF PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM The article is aimed to reveal the specificity of metacognitive competence of practical psychologists of educational system as a necessary condition of their effective professional becoming. The description of training program of intersystem interaction of family and educational institutions, directed on forming of practical psychologists professional important qualities that bases on metacognitive competence of future specialist are submitted.
Iranian journal of public health, 2012
Welding can produce dangerous fumes containing various metals especially carcinogenic ones. Occup... more Welding can produce dangerous fumes containing various metals especially carcinogenic ones. Occupational exposure to welding fumes is associated with lung cancer. Therefore, welders in Gas Transmission Pipelines are known as a high-risk group. This study was designed to determinate the amounts of metals Cr, Ni, and Cd in breathing zone and urine of welders and to assess the possibility of introducing urinary metals as a biomarker due to occupational exposure. In this cross sectional study, 94 individuals from Gas Transmission Pipelines welders, Iran, Borujen in 2011 were selected and classified into 3 groups including Welders, Back Welders and Assistances. The sampling procedures were performed according to NIOSH 7300 for total chromium, nickel, and cadmium and NIOSH 7600 for Cr+6. For all participants urine samples were collected during the entire work shift and metals in urine were determined according to NIOSH 8310. Back Welders and Assistances groups had maximum and minimum expo...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...
International Journal of Occupational Hygiene, 2015
Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for ... more Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for good assessment of exposed workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk levels for exposed welders to welding gases. Welders (n=239) were selected from Iranian Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Industry from four regions in Iran including Assaluyeh, Omidieh, Loshan, and Borujen. Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) samples were collected according to the OSHA ID-214 method and the NIOSH analytical method 6014, respectively. Direct reading instruments were used for sampling of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A semi-quantitative method was used for risk assessment. Exposure to O3, NO2, CO, and CO2 ranged 0-0.0371, 0.01-0.58, 0.375-4.33, and 89.5- 1395.44 ppm, respectively. Among welders, Back weld group had the maximum exposure to O3, CO, CO2, while, the maximum exposure to NO2 was seen for Filling group and then for Back weld group. Although average exposu...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...
Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for ... more Exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. Risk assessment is a useful tool for good assessment of exposed workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk levels for exposed welders to welding gases. Welders (n=239) were selected from Iranian Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Industry from four regions in Iran including Assaluyeh, Omidieh, Loshan, and Borujen. Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) samples were collected according to the OSHA ID-214 method and the NIOSH analytical method 6014, respectively. Direct reading instruments were used for sampling of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A semi-quantitative method was used for risk assessment. Exposure to O3, NO2, CO, and CO2 ranged 0-0.0371, 0.01-0.58, 0.375-4.33, and 89.5- 1395.44 ppm, respectively. Among welders, Back weld group had the maximum exposure to O3, CO, CO2, while, the maximum exposure to NO2 was seen for Filling group and then for Back weld group. Although average exposu...
The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation betwee... more The aims of this study were to test pulmonary function of welders, to examine the relation between environmental and biological indices of exposure to metal fumes and to assess the risk related to them for confined spaces welders. Spirometric tests were performed on 9 back welders and 12 controls. Fumes measurement and biomonitoring were performed by related NIOSH analytical methods. Risk assessment was performed using a semi-quantitative method. There was significant difference between welders and controls only for FEV1 in pre and post shift (p<0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of cobalt and molybdenum in air and urine. Almost for all metals (in air and urine) there were significant differences between welders and controls (p<0.05). Based on risk assessment, cadmium, total fumes, total chromium, and nickel were ranked in “high” legend. Although there was no significant difference between two groups for pulmonary functions, poor ventilation syste...