Otto Zwartjes | Université Paris Cité (original) (raw)
Books by Otto Zwartjes
Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 131. xii, 381 pp., 2024
This monograph aims to shed light on the linguistic endeavors and educational practices employed ... more This monograph aims to shed light on the linguistic endeavors and educational practices employed by 17th century Spanish Dominicans in their efforts to understand and disseminate knowledge of the Chinese language during this historical period. Ample attention is dedicated to the evolution of Chinese grammars and dictionaries by these authors. Central to the monograph is the manuscript “Marsh 696”, which comprises a Chinese-Spanish dictionary and a fragmentary Spanish grammar of Mandarin Chinese, a hitherto unknown and unpublished anonymous and undated text entitled Arte de lengua mandarina. This text is probably a fragment of the earliest grammar written by a Westerner of Mandarin Chinese (completed in Manila in c.1641), previously presumed lost. It is presented here as a facsimile, a transcription of the Spanish text and an English translation alongside a detailed linguistic analysis. The historical framework outlined in this monograph spans from the predecessors of Francisco Díaz (1606–1646) around 1620, including the Jesuit linguistic production in mainland China and Early Manila Hokkien sources, to the era wherein Antonio Díaz (1667–1715) finalized his revised version of Francisco Díaz’s dictionary. The monograph scrutinizes these texts in relation to the linguistic contributions of Francisco Varo (1627–1687). Additionally, the monograph incorporates other unpublished texts that are significant for reconstructing the educational curriculum for teaching and learning Chinese by Dominican friars during this period.
Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 130, 2021
This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionari... more This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionaries in Asia. This volume presents research into the documentation, study and description of Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Tamil. It provides a selection of papers which primarily concentrate on the Society of Jesus and their linguistic production, but also covers linguistic works written by Franciscans, the Order of Discalced Carmelites and works of other religious institutions, such as the Propaganda Fide and the Missions Étrangères de Paris. New insights are provided regarding these works and their reception among European scholars interested in these ‘exotic’ languages and cultures. Each text is placed in its historical context and various approaches to some of the most important descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre are analyzed, such as the establishment of an adequate romanization system, the description of typological features of these Asian languages, such as tonality and aspiration in Chinese and Vietnamese, agglutination and derivational morphology in Japanese and Tamil, and, pragmatics, in particular politeness in Japanese. This volume not only looks at methodology and descriptive techniques, but also comments on missionary linguistic policies in Asia and offers articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics, historians, typologists, descriptive linguists and those interested in translation studies.
Número monográfico de la Revista Argentina de Historiografía Lingüística. (RAHL) Vol. 12 (1). ISSN: 1852-1495. , 2020
Sección Temática: Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana (RILI). Vol. XVIII, No. 2(36). (Frankfurt am Main & Madrid: Vervuert & Iberoamericana). ISSN: 1579 9425 (250 pp.)., 2020
Missionary Linguistic Studies from Mesoamerica to Patagonia., 2020
[=Brill's Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture, v. 22.]. E-book: ISBN: 978-90-04-42700-6. H... more [=Brill's Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture, v. 22.]. E-book: ISBN: 978-90-04-42700-6. Hardback: ISBN: 978-90-04-42460-9. (319 pp.).
Missionary Linguistic Studies from Mesoamerica to Patagonia presents the results of in-depth studies of grammars, vocabularies and religious texts, dating from the sixteenth – nineteenth century. The researches involve twenty (extinct) indigenous Mesoamerican and South American languages: Matlatzinca, Mixtec, Nahuatl, Purépecha, Zapotec (Mexico); K’iche, Kaqchikel (Guatemala); Amage, Aymara, Cholón, Huarpe, Kunza, Mochica, Mapudungun, Proto-Tacanan, Pukina, Quechua, Uru-Chipaya (Peru); Tehuelche (Patagonia); (Tupi-)Guarani (Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay).
The results of the studies include: a) a digital model of a good, conveniently arranged vocabulary, applicable to all indigenous Amerindian languages; b) disclosure of intertextual relationships, language contacts, circulation of knowledge; c) insights in grammatical structures; d) phone analyses; e) transcriptions, so that the texts remain accessible for further research. f) the architecture of grammars; g) conceptual evolutions and innovations in grammaticography.
Lingüística misionera: Aspectos lingüísticos discursivos, filológicos y pedagógicos, Aug 2019
Selected papers VIII International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, March, 2014. Lima/ VIII ... more Selected papers VIII International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, March, 2014. Lima/ VIII Congreso Internacional de Lingüística Misionera, marzo 2014, Lima.
Los vocabularios y gramáticas de las lenguas amerindias elaborados por los religiosos, principalmente entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, son el resultado de un esfuerzo orientado a atender las dificultades pedagógicas y pastorales propias de la evangelización colonial. Los afanes misioneros promovieron también distintos tipos de textos doctrinales, catecismos, confesionarios y sermonarios, los cuales, con sus respectivas traducciones en lengua indígena, procuraron garantizar la transmisión de la fe cristiana.
Lingüística misionera 8, 2017
El 'Arte de el idioma mexicano' (México 1713) del agustino Manuel Pérez es la primera edición crí... more El 'Arte de el idioma mexicano' (México 1713) del agustino Manuel Pérez es la primera edición crítica de una gramática del náhuatl poco conocida. Pérez aprendió el mexicano en Chiautla de la Sal, en el triángulo Puebla-Morelos-Guerrero, donde visitó muchas comunidades. Aquí se investiga la gramática a todo nivel: léxico, fonología, morfología, sintaxis y pragmática, la enseñanza de lenguas en universidades mexicanas, el purismo y fenómenos de contacto, además del impacto de su obra en misioneros posteriores.
The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (... more The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF) is a second follow-up of the workshop “Americanists in the Netherlands” and the IVth meeting of the Research group “Revitalising Older Linguistic Documentation” (ROLD, ACLC, Amsterdam Centre of Language and Communication), held on May 12th, 2011, at the University of Amsterdam. In this special issue papers cover the following languages: Quechua, the Uru of Ch'imu, Botocudo, Guarani and Negerhollands.
The object of this volume is the study of missionary translation practices which occur within a c... more The object of this volume is the study of missionary translation practices which occur within a colonial context of political domination and spiritual conquest. Missionary translation becomes especially manifest in bilingual ethnographic descriptions, in (bilingual) catechisms and in the missionaries’ lexicographic condensation of bilingual dictionaries. The study of these instances permits the analysis and interpretation of their guiding principles, their translation practice and underlying reasoning. It also permits the modern linguist to discern semantic changes that can be revealed in these missionary translations over certain periods.
Up to now there has hardly been any study available that focuses on translation in missionary sources, of the different traditions in the Americas or Asia. This book will fill this gap, addressing the legacy of missionary translation practices and theories, the role of translation in evangelization and its particular form in the context of colonialism, the creation of loans from Spanish or Latin or equivalents or paraphrases in the indigenous languages in texts and dictionaries as translation strategies followed in bilingual editions. The process of acculturation and transculturation imposed by European religious systems is noted. This volume presents research on languages such as Nahuatl, Tarascan (Pur’épecha), Zapotec, Tamil, Chinese, Japanese, Pangasinán, and other Austronesian languages from the Philippines.
The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (... more The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF) is a follow-up of the workshop “Americanists in the Netherlands” and the IVth meeting of the Research group “Revitalising Older Linguistic Documentation” (ROLD, ACLC, Amsterdam Centre of Language and Communication), held on May 12th, 2011, at the University of Amsterdam. The workshop/meeting was an overwhelming success, and a wide range of interesting older linguistic documentation about a variety of languages was presented at the workshop. However, the decision was made to restrict the contributions to the book to those concerning documentation and reconstructions of Amerindian languages, including Sandwich.
From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia ... more From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.
This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipeá and Tupinambá; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).
Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.
This fourth volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on lexicography. It contains a selection of ... more This fourth volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on lexicography. It contains a selection of papers derived from the Fifth International Conference on Missionary Linguistics held in Mérida, Yucatán (Mexico), 14th–17th March 2007. As with the previous three volumes (2004, on general issues, 2005, on orthography and phonology, and 2007 on morphology and syntax), this volume looks at the lexicographical production of missionaries in general, the influence of European sources, such as Ambrogio Calepino and Antonio de Nebrija, translation theories, attitudes toward non-Western cultures, trans- and interculturality, semantics, morphological analysis and organizational principles of the dictionaries, such as styles and structure of the entries, citation forms, etc. It presents research into languages such as Maya, Nahuatl, Tarasco (Pur’épecha), Lushootseed, Equatorian Quechua, Tupinambá, Ilocan, Tamil and Southern Min Chinese dialects.
Del franciscano Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (1688-1747) se ha conservado la primera gramática... more Del franciscano Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (1688-1747) se ha conservado la primera gramática del japonés escrita en español: Arte de la lengua japona (1738) destinada para la misión franciscana en Manila. Oyanguren compara el japonés con otros idiomas «exóticos», como el tagalo, el chino, el malayo y el vasco, su lengua nativa. Consecuentemente, Oyanguren que fue probablemente uno de los primeros -o el primero- en agrupar lenguas del tipo aglutinante, confrontando el euskera con el japonés, añade aquí una nueva dimensión a la técnica.
This third volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on morphology and syntax. It contains a selec... more This third volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on morphology and syntax. It contains a selection of papers derived from the international conferences on missionary linguistics held in Hong Kong/Macau and Valladolid. As with the previous two volumes (2004, on general issues, and 2005, on orthography and phonology), this volume looks at methodology and descriptive techniques from a historical point of view, offering articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics, typologists, and descriptive linguists. It presents research into languages such as Tarasco (Pur’épecha), Massachusett, Nahuatl, Conivo, Sipibo, Guaraní, Vietnamese, Tamil, Southern Min Chinese dialects, Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Tagalog and other Austronesian languages, such as Yapese and Chamorro.
This is the second volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by the relig... more This is the second volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by the religious missionaries who, within the scope of the European colonial enterprises along the period 1550–1850, described dozens of autochthonous languages, many of which are only known today thanks to their endeavours. The twelve papers joint in the present volume — which dedicated special attention to the orthographical and phonological dimension of their work — provide a comprehensive picture of the descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre, notably: the difficulties faced before the less familiar features of these languages, such as vowel quantity, accentuation, tonality, nasalization, glottalization, ‘gutturalization’; the building of (re)definitions and the creation of a new metalanguage, like ‘saltillo’, ‘guturaciones’, etc.; The book elucidates the creativity and innovations proposed by individual missionaries and the instructive and pedagogical dimension of their work.
When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents, it was decided that the indigen... more When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents, it was decided that the indigenous languages would be used as the means of christianization. There emerged the need to produce grammars and dictionaries of those languages. The study of this linguistic material has so far not received sufficient attention in the field of linguistic historiography. This volume is the first published collection of papers on missionary linguistics world-wide; it represents the insights of recent research, containing an introduction and papers on methodology, meta-historiography, the historical and cultural background. The book contains studies about early-modern linguistic works written in Spanish, Portuguese, English and French, describing among others indigenous languages from North America and Australia, Maya, Quechua, Xhosa, Japanese, Kapampangan, and Visaya. Topics dealt with include: innovations of individual missionaries in lexicography, grammatical analysis, phonology, morphology, or syntax; creativity in descriptive techniques; differences and/or similarities of works from different continents, and different religious backgrounds (Catholic or Protestant).
This book is a comprehensive bibliography of publications on strophic poetry and music which orig... more This book is a comprehensive bibliography of publications on strophic poetry and music which originated in the urbanized society of al-Andalus in the 9th century and spread over the Iberian Peninsula, Southern France, North Africa, Egypt and the Near East. It contains an alphabetic catalogue of 2800 titles: books, articles, congress papers, reviews, CD's and a movie. Some titles have annotations.
The catalogue is followed by a register of kharjas and two useful indices: of names and subjects. A short introductory guide precedes the catalogue and a selective discography ends the volume. The bibliography is the first fully comprehensive list of publications on the theme after the pioneering discovery of the kharjas (endings of strophic compositions, muwaššaḥ and zajal) by Samuel Miklos Stern in 1948.
Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 131. xii, 381 pp., 2024
This monograph aims to shed light on the linguistic endeavors and educational practices employed ... more This monograph aims to shed light on the linguistic endeavors and educational practices employed by 17th century Spanish Dominicans in their efforts to understand and disseminate knowledge of the Chinese language during this historical period. Ample attention is dedicated to the evolution of Chinese grammars and dictionaries by these authors. Central to the monograph is the manuscript “Marsh 696”, which comprises a Chinese-Spanish dictionary and a fragmentary Spanish grammar of Mandarin Chinese, a hitherto unknown and unpublished anonymous and undated text entitled Arte de lengua mandarina. This text is probably a fragment of the earliest grammar written by a Westerner of Mandarin Chinese (completed in Manila in c.1641), previously presumed lost. It is presented here as a facsimile, a transcription of the Spanish text and an English translation alongside a detailed linguistic analysis. The historical framework outlined in this monograph spans from the predecessors of Francisco Díaz (1606–1646) around 1620, including the Jesuit linguistic production in mainland China and Early Manila Hokkien sources, to the era wherein Antonio Díaz (1667–1715) finalized his revised version of Francisco Díaz’s dictionary. The monograph scrutinizes these texts in relation to the linguistic contributions of Francisco Varo (1627–1687). Additionally, the monograph incorporates other unpublished texts that are significant for reconstructing the educational curriculum for teaching and learning Chinese by Dominican friars during this period.
Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 130, 2021
This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionari... more This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionaries in Asia. This volume presents research into the documentation, study and description of Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Tamil. It provides a selection of papers which primarily concentrate on the Society of Jesus and their linguistic production, but also covers linguistic works written by Franciscans, the Order of Discalced Carmelites and works of other religious institutions, such as the Propaganda Fide and the Missions Étrangères de Paris. New insights are provided regarding these works and their reception among European scholars interested in these ‘exotic’ languages and cultures. Each text is placed in its historical context and various approaches to some of the most important descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre are analyzed, such as the establishment of an adequate romanization system, the description of typological features of these Asian languages, such as tonality and aspiration in Chinese and Vietnamese, agglutination and derivational morphology in Japanese and Tamil, and, pragmatics, in particular politeness in Japanese. This volume not only looks at methodology and descriptive techniques, but also comments on missionary linguistic policies in Asia and offers articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics, historians, typologists, descriptive linguists and those interested in translation studies.
Número monográfico de la Revista Argentina de Historiografía Lingüística. (RAHL) Vol. 12 (1). ISSN: 1852-1495. , 2020
Sección Temática: Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana (RILI). Vol. XVIII, No. 2(36). (Frankfurt am Main & Madrid: Vervuert & Iberoamericana). ISSN: 1579 9425 (250 pp.)., 2020
Missionary Linguistic Studies from Mesoamerica to Patagonia., 2020
[=Brill's Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture, v. 22.]. E-book: ISBN: 978-90-04-42700-6. H... more [=Brill's Studies in Language, Cognition and Culture, v. 22.]. E-book: ISBN: 978-90-04-42700-6. Hardback: ISBN: 978-90-04-42460-9. (319 pp.).
Missionary Linguistic Studies from Mesoamerica to Patagonia presents the results of in-depth studies of grammars, vocabularies and religious texts, dating from the sixteenth – nineteenth century. The researches involve twenty (extinct) indigenous Mesoamerican and South American languages: Matlatzinca, Mixtec, Nahuatl, Purépecha, Zapotec (Mexico); K’iche, Kaqchikel (Guatemala); Amage, Aymara, Cholón, Huarpe, Kunza, Mochica, Mapudungun, Proto-Tacanan, Pukina, Quechua, Uru-Chipaya (Peru); Tehuelche (Patagonia); (Tupi-)Guarani (Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay).
The results of the studies include: a) a digital model of a good, conveniently arranged vocabulary, applicable to all indigenous Amerindian languages; b) disclosure of intertextual relationships, language contacts, circulation of knowledge; c) insights in grammatical structures; d) phone analyses; e) transcriptions, so that the texts remain accessible for further research. f) the architecture of grammars; g) conceptual evolutions and innovations in grammaticography.
Lingüística misionera: Aspectos lingüísticos discursivos, filológicos y pedagógicos, Aug 2019
Selected papers VIII International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, March, 2014. Lima/ VIII ... more Selected papers VIII International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, March, 2014. Lima/ VIII Congreso Internacional de Lingüística Misionera, marzo 2014, Lima.
Los vocabularios y gramáticas de las lenguas amerindias elaborados por los religiosos, principalmente entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, son el resultado de un esfuerzo orientado a atender las dificultades pedagógicas y pastorales propias de la evangelización colonial. Los afanes misioneros promovieron también distintos tipos de textos doctrinales, catecismos, confesionarios y sermonarios, los cuales, con sus respectivas traducciones en lengua indígena, procuraron garantizar la transmisión de la fe cristiana.
Lingüística misionera 8, 2017
El 'Arte de el idioma mexicano' (México 1713) del agustino Manuel Pérez es la primera edición crí... more El 'Arte de el idioma mexicano' (México 1713) del agustino Manuel Pérez es la primera edición crítica de una gramática del náhuatl poco conocida. Pérez aprendió el mexicano en Chiautla de la Sal, en el triángulo Puebla-Morelos-Guerrero, donde visitó muchas comunidades. Aquí se investiga la gramática a todo nivel: léxico, fonología, morfología, sintaxis y pragmática, la enseñanza de lenguas en universidades mexicanas, el purismo y fenómenos de contacto, además del impacto de su obra en misioneros posteriores.
The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (... more The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF) is a second follow-up of the workshop “Americanists in the Netherlands” and the IVth meeting of the Research group “Revitalising Older Linguistic Documentation” (ROLD, ACLC, Amsterdam Centre of Language and Communication), held on May 12th, 2011, at the University of Amsterdam. In this special issue papers cover the following languages: Quechua, the Uru of Ch'imu, Botocudo, Guarani and Negerhollands.
The object of this volume is the study of missionary translation practices which occur within a c... more The object of this volume is the study of missionary translation practices which occur within a colonial context of political domination and spiritual conquest. Missionary translation becomes especially manifest in bilingual ethnographic descriptions, in (bilingual) catechisms and in the missionaries’ lexicographic condensation of bilingual dictionaries. The study of these instances permits the analysis and interpretation of their guiding principles, their translation practice and underlying reasoning. It also permits the modern linguist to discern semantic changes that can be revealed in these missionary translations over certain periods.
Up to now there has hardly been any study available that focuses on translation in missionary sources, of the different traditions in the Americas or Asia. This book will fill this gap, addressing the legacy of missionary translation practices and theories, the role of translation in evangelization and its particular form in the context of colonialism, the creation of loans from Spanish or Latin or equivalents or paraphrases in the indigenous languages in texts and dictionaries as translation strategies followed in bilingual editions. The process of acculturation and transculturation imposed by European religious systems is noted. This volume presents research on languages such as Nahuatl, Tarascan (Pur’épecha), Zapotec, Tamil, Chinese, Japanese, Pangasinán, and other Austronesian languages from the Philippines.
The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (... more The present issue of Language Typology and Universals/Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF) is a follow-up of the workshop “Americanists in the Netherlands” and the IVth meeting of the Research group “Revitalising Older Linguistic Documentation” (ROLD, ACLC, Amsterdam Centre of Language and Communication), held on May 12th, 2011, at the University of Amsterdam. The workshop/meeting was an overwhelming success, and a wide range of interesting older linguistic documentation about a variety of languages was presented at the workshop. However, the decision was made to restrict the contributions to the book to those concerning documentation and reconstructions of Amerindian languages, including Sandwich.
From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia ... more From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.
This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipeá and Tupinambá; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).
Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.
This fourth volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on lexicography. It contains a selection of ... more This fourth volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on lexicography. It contains a selection of papers derived from the Fifth International Conference on Missionary Linguistics held in Mérida, Yucatán (Mexico), 14th–17th March 2007. As with the previous three volumes (2004, on general issues, 2005, on orthography and phonology, and 2007 on morphology and syntax), this volume looks at the lexicographical production of missionaries in general, the influence of European sources, such as Ambrogio Calepino and Antonio de Nebrija, translation theories, attitudes toward non-Western cultures, trans- and interculturality, semantics, morphological analysis and organizational principles of the dictionaries, such as styles and structure of the entries, citation forms, etc. It presents research into languages such as Maya, Nahuatl, Tarasco (Pur’épecha), Lushootseed, Equatorian Quechua, Tupinambá, Ilocan, Tamil and Southern Min Chinese dialects.
Del franciscano Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (1688-1747) se ha conservado la primera gramática... more Del franciscano Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (1688-1747) se ha conservado la primera gramática del japonés escrita en español: Arte de la lengua japona (1738) destinada para la misión franciscana en Manila. Oyanguren compara el japonés con otros idiomas «exóticos», como el tagalo, el chino, el malayo y el vasco, su lengua nativa. Consecuentemente, Oyanguren que fue probablemente uno de los primeros -o el primero- en agrupar lenguas del tipo aglutinante, confrontando el euskera con el japonés, añade aquí una nueva dimensión a la técnica.
This third volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on morphology and syntax. It contains a selec... more This third volume on Missionary Linguistics focuses on morphology and syntax. It contains a selection of papers derived from the international conferences on missionary linguistics held in Hong Kong/Macau and Valladolid. As with the previous two volumes (2004, on general issues, and 2005, on orthography and phonology), this volume looks at methodology and descriptive techniques from a historical point of view, offering articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics, typologists, and descriptive linguists. It presents research into languages such as Tarasco (Pur’épecha), Massachusett, Nahuatl, Conivo, Sipibo, Guaraní, Vietnamese, Tamil, Southern Min Chinese dialects, Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Tagalog and other Austronesian languages, such as Yapese and Chamorro.
This is the second volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by the relig... more This is the second volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by the religious missionaries who, within the scope of the European colonial enterprises along the period 1550–1850, described dozens of autochthonous languages, many of which are only known today thanks to their endeavours. The twelve papers joint in the present volume — which dedicated special attention to the orthographical and phonological dimension of their work — provide a comprehensive picture of the descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre, notably: the difficulties faced before the less familiar features of these languages, such as vowel quantity, accentuation, tonality, nasalization, glottalization, ‘gutturalization’; the building of (re)definitions and the creation of a new metalanguage, like ‘saltillo’, ‘guturaciones’, etc.; The book elucidates the creativity and innovations proposed by individual missionaries and the instructive and pedagogical dimension of their work.
When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents, it was decided that the indigen... more When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents, it was decided that the indigenous languages would be used as the means of christianization. There emerged the need to produce grammars and dictionaries of those languages. The study of this linguistic material has so far not received sufficient attention in the field of linguistic historiography. This volume is the first published collection of papers on missionary linguistics world-wide; it represents the insights of recent research, containing an introduction and papers on methodology, meta-historiography, the historical and cultural background. The book contains studies about early-modern linguistic works written in Spanish, Portuguese, English and French, describing among others indigenous languages from North America and Australia, Maya, Quechua, Xhosa, Japanese, Kapampangan, and Visaya. Topics dealt with include: innovations of individual missionaries in lexicography, grammatical analysis, phonology, morphology, or syntax; creativity in descriptive techniques; differences and/or similarities of works from different continents, and different religious backgrounds (Catholic or Protestant).
This book is a comprehensive bibliography of publications on strophic poetry and music which orig... more This book is a comprehensive bibliography of publications on strophic poetry and music which originated in the urbanized society of al-Andalus in the 9th century and spread over the Iberian Peninsula, Southern France, North Africa, Egypt and the Near East. It contains an alphabetic catalogue of 2800 titles: books, articles, congress papers, reviews, CD's and a movie. Some titles have annotations.
The catalogue is followed by a register of kharjas and two useful indices: of names and subjects. A short introductory guide precedes the catalogue and a selective discography ends the volume. The bibliography is the first fully comprehensive list of publications on the theme after the pioneering discovery of the kharjas (endings of strophic compositions, muwaššaḥ and zajal) by Samuel Miklos Stern in 1948.
Vervuert/ Iberoamericana, 2024
Los jesuitas creyeron que no era posible conocer las culturas y las sociedades sin tener antes un... more Los jesuitas creyeron que no era posible conocer las culturas y las sociedades sin tener antes un conocimiento material y espiritual de las lenguas. Por ello, prestaron una especial atención a lo que en ellas hay de creación, tanto literaria como cultural. La lingüística de los jesuitas venezolanos del tiempo hispánico no hizo sino hacerse eco de estos principios para producir el cuerpo de materiales más original que pueda recordarse en toda la historia de los estudios venezolanos sobre el lenguaje. A la evaluación sobre el aporte de estos corpus de materiales e ideas está dedicado el presente libro. También, a los que construyeron una lingüística misionera humanística y científica sobre la invención de las lenguas y cuya influencia llega hasta el presente.
Vervuert Iberoamericana, 2018
El libro ofrece una visión general de cómo se desarrolló la lexicografía bilingüe del español y l... more El libro ofrece una visión general de cómo se desarrolló la lexicografía bilingüe del español y las lenguas amerindias durante la época colonial. Reúne un catálogo con más de ciento cincuenta vocabularios, de una gran diversidad de lenguas, elaborados por misioneros. En él se proporciona la descripción de las características más relevantes de cada repertorio, una selección de la bibliografía y, en muchos casos, la localización de los ejemplares.
Vervuert-Iberomaricana., 2017
Edición y estudio introductorio de Otto Zwartjes y José Antonio Flores Farfán.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 7. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Astrid Alexander-Bakkerus de los manuscritos Add. 25,323 y 25, 324 de la British Library, Londres., 2016
Con esta edición se descubren textos lexicográficos, religiosos y gramaticales del jebero del sig... more Con esta edición se descubren textos lexicográficos, religiosos y gramaticales del jebero del siglo XVIII hasta ahora desconocidos.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 6. Vervuert - Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Joaquín Sueiro Jostel & María Dolores Riveiro Lema., 2014
Este volumen ofrece la transcripción del Arte de la lengua tagala de Sebastian de Totanés de 1745... more Este volumen ofrece la transcripción del Arte de la lengua tagala de Sebastian de Totanés de 1745, acompañada de un extenso estudio preliminar.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 5. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición de Joaquín Sueiro Justel., 2014
En esta obra de la colección "Lingüística Misionera" se ofrece la transcripción de la gramática d... more En esta obra de la colección "Lingüística Misionera" se ofrece la transcripción de la gramática del bisaya (Filipinas) de Méntrida de 1818, copia de la edición de comienzos del XVII, y de la corregida y aumentada por José Aparicio en 1894. Edición y estudio de Joaquín Sueiro Justel.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 4. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Joaquín Sueiro Justel & María Dolores Riveiro Lema. , 2014
Transcripción de la gramática del pangasinan, lengua hablada en la homónima provincia filipina, m... more Transcripción de la gramática del pangasinan, lengua hablada en la homónima provincia filipina, más antigua que se conserva, acompañada de un extenso estudios preliminar y de diversos índices temáticos.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 3. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Bernhard Hurch. Con colaboración de Maria Jose Kerejeta. , 2013
Edición del manuscrito de Quirós, compuesto en 1711 e inédito hasta ahora, la obra gramatical y l... more Edición del manuscrito de Quirós, compuesto en 1711 e inédito hasta ahora, la obra gramatical y lexicográfica más antigua sobre el huasteco, única lengua maya hablada en la zona central de México. Incluye un amplio estudio y la reproducción facsimilar del texto.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 2. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Otto Zwartjes. Con un prólogo de Toru Maruyama., 2009
Edición crítica de la primera gramática del japonés en castellano, de 1738, destinada a la misión... more Edición crítica de la primera gramática del japonés en castellano, de 1738, destinada a la misión franciscana de Manila. En ella, Oyanguren compara el japonés con otras lenguas aglutinantes como el tagalo, el malayo o el vasco.
Lingüística misionera, vol. 1. Vervuert – Iberoamericana. Edición y estudio de Astrid-Alexander Bakkerus. , 2007
Edición diplomática del manuscrito del franciscano Pedro de la Mata que se conserva en la British... more Edición diplomática del manuscrito del franciscano Pedro de la Mata que se conserva en la British Library. La lengua cholona formaba una familia lingüística de los valles del Huallaga, al norte de Perú, extinta a mediados del s. XX.
Missionary Linguistic Studies from Mesoamerica to Patagonia, 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 1, 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 1, 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 1, 2019
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 1, 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 9, 2021
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 4, 2020
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 1, 2017
Language Learning and Teaching in Missionary and Colonial Contexts, ed. by Dan Savatovsky, Mariangela Albano, Thị Kiều Ly Phạm and Valérie Spaëth. (=Series Languages and Culture in History), 91-141. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN: 9789463728249. e-ISBN: 9789048553020 (pdf)., 2023
In some recent studies on the history of foreign language teaching, the main objects of study wer... more In some recent studies on the history of foreign language teaching, the main objects of study were European languages. It is difficult to understand why a comparable enterprise has not been undertaken yet on the history of language learning and teaching of non-Western languages within the subfield of missionary linguistics. This chapter attempts to fill this gap. In addition, missionary texts will be discussed, focusing on their pedagogical aims and strategies, and the role of the printing press will be described. The mise en page of the learning tools certainly contributed to the creation of original pedagogical and attractive tools for their learners. What we know of fieldwork methods in this period is fragmentary and often disappointingly scarce. The same applies to the teaching methods. What we have are the texts, the grammars, and the dictionaries used in teaching, but it is still unclear how these grammars were used in practice.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 9, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 21, 2010
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 31, 1998
Peeters Publishers eBooks, May 19, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 31, 2017
This essay is an attempt to reconstruct the missionaries' strategies in describing &q... more This essay is an attempt to reconstruct the missionaries' strategies in describing "otherness", and secondly how this reflected on their "exogenous translation", i.e. translation of concepts from their own cultural background into the Asian languages versus their attempts to describe local cultures "apud ethnicos". This study concentrates on the trilingual dictionary Vietnamese-Portuguese Latin of the Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1651).
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 1, 1992
In the title we read that the author wrote his grammatical introduction for those who want to “ea... more In the title we read that the author wrote his grammatical introduction for those who want to “easily” learn the difficult Otomi language. In the short prologue, we hardly find any explicit didactic goals, but the author informs his readers in his “dedicatoria” entitled “Señor”, that he has not seen any “clear” grammars (“no he visto arte con tanta claridad para explicarlo”).
The language is extinct. This source is together with the Doctrina en lengua chiapaneca of Fray L... more The language is extinct. This source is together with the Doctrina en lengua chiapaneca of Fray Luis Barrientos and the Sermones written by Juan Núñez, one of the few texts that have survived on Chiapanec.
Brief grammar, covering orthography, morphology, for beginners, with religious texts, such as ser... more Brief grammar, covering orthography, morphology, for beginners, with religious texts, such as sermons a catechism and other material. Most of these have the Spanish in the left-hand column and the Arabic translation on the right. Some sections are bilingual Latin and Arabic. Brief grammar, covering orthography, morphology, for beginners, with religious texts, such as sermons a catechism and other material. Most of these have the Spanish in the left-hand column and the Arabic translation on the right. Some sections are bilingual Latin and Arabic. The grammar of Pedro de Alcalá was a real novelty, a pioneering work. His transcription system of the Arabic alphabet is the first in Europe.
Aldama develops a totally different method with an explicit pedagogy, explained in his prologue, ... more Aldama develops a totally different method with an explicit pedagogy, explained in his prologue, where the author gives some advises how to use his grammar. Aldama seems to know the works of most of his predecessors and he says that he is a disciple of Molina, Carochi, Ribera, Vetancurt and Manuel Pérez. In the prologue (§ I) he tells that he particularly followed Carochi for the description of the adverb. He also admits that he sometimes changed some aspects (“abreviado un poco, y mudado algunas doctrinas de un lugar à otro”).
Descriptive grammar covering phonology and morphosyntax. Didactic/pedagogic grammar for learners ... more Descriptive grammar covering phonology and morphosyntax. Didactic/pedagogic grammar for learners of the ‘língua mais usada na costa do Brasil’ (Tupinamba).
The Ms has interesting differences compared with the 1593 printed grammar of de los Reyes.
The anonymous author summarises the most important descriptions of Otomí. The objective of the ed... more The anonymous author summarises the most important descriptions of Otomí. The objective of the editor, Eustaquio Buelna, are in agreement with one of the aims of the “Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística”, the publication of descriptive studies of indigenous languages of Mexico. In the prologue we read that one of his main goals was to compose the best eclectic manual in order to learn this language, when the learner does not have the opportunity to listen to natives
The manuscript had been produced at the end of the 16th or the begining of the 17th century, prob... more The manuscript had been produced at the end of the 16th or the begining of the 17th century, probably in the Franciscan convent of San Andrés Hueytlalpan, in the Sierra Norte of the modern state of Puebla. This is the earliest extant grammar of Totonac. Eugenio Romero could have been the author of this grammar. The work is one of the earliest “comparative” grammars of the New World in which two indigenous languages are compared or contrasted.
Complete grammar covering phonology, morphology and syntax. (2) The ensuing section is a bilingua... more Complete grammar covering phonology, morphology and syntax. (2) The ensuing section is a bilingual mono-directional, Portuguese-Lingua geral, dictionary organized alphabetically. (3) Reference word list: articles, pronouns, ‘dativos de proveito’, body parts. (4) Catechism. (5) Confessionary. (6) Articles of Faith. Descriptive grammar, Didactic/pedagogic grammar for learners of Lingua geral (Tupi Nheengatu), Dictionary and religious texts (monolingual in Lingua geral with Portuguese notes).
A treatise on Zapotec pronunciation and grammar, particularly of verbs, vocabulary, word lists, “... more A treatise on Zapotec pronunciation and grammar, particularly of verbs, vocabulary, word lists, “Confesionario” and other religious texts
The work starts with one page about pronunciation and orthography, followed by the eight parts of... more The work starts with one page about pronunciation and orthography, followed by the eight parts of speech. The author adds that he will pay particularly attention to how to make sentences (syntax). There are other grammarians who include “platicas” but not so many as Ávila did. Ávila's work is a compact edition. It is also a pleasure to read (“mucha curiosidad conque deleytar”), it contains many rules and much doctrinal texts. Another significant contribution is the author’s interest in etymology. Another contribution of Ávila’s work is that it contains the ancient Huehue tlatolli (“ò Mexicano viejo, con gran destreça, y co[n]cicion de palabras”). An important, and not sufficiently studied, is Ávila’s section “modo de formar Oraciones” (25v), which has a specific didactic approach to how to make an entire phrase in Nahuatl, translating from Spanish, together with “exercises”. Such “exercises” are a novelty in Mexican grammars.
Christian doctrine (“Doctrina christiana”, in Chinantec only, based on the Spanish text of the Je... more Christian doctrine (“Doctrina christiana”, in Chinantec only, based on the Spanish text of the Jesuit Gerónimo de Ripalda's (1536-1618) Doctrina (1591), with some grammatical notes. The only extant printed text in Chinantec from the colonial period.
Basalenque’s grammar mainly treats morphology, and the verb is the most important section. Differ... more Basalenque’s grammar mainly treats morphology, and the verb is the most important section. Different from most other grammarians of this period, Basalenque includes a relatively large amount of theory, such as, as for instance, the section demonstrating how he classified verbs according to the different declensions. The use of hyphens throughout the grammar is a great step forwards for this early period. These hyphens indicate the borders between what we call “morphemes” today, and Basalenque uses this system with great precision.
Pedagogically, the work follows a different structure, using “glossas”, which are “lessons” and e... more Pedagogically, the work follows a different structure, using “glossas”, which are “lessons” and explanations of the grammar (“glossas, liciones y declaraciones del Arte”). Before learning Tarascan, Basalenque composed a grammar of Matlaltzinca, which does not seem to rely heavily on earlier Tarascan grammars. Basalenque follows generally not only the grammars of Lagunas and Gilberti, but there are also traces from his own grammar of Matlaltzinca.
Earliest extant grammar of Otomi. Cáceres probably perceived most phonemes of the language, and i... more Earliest extant grammar of Otomi. Cáceres probably perceived most phonemes of the language, and in most cases he uses diacritics for vowel quality, but it is difficult to say if the edition of Nicolás León represents the original MS exactly which has been lost.
Carochi elaborates on Rincón, with improvements, corrections, extensions. It is significant that ... more Carochi elaborates on Rincón, with improvements, corrections, extensions. It is significant that Carochi devotes a special chapter to the adverbs and conjunctions. Although it follows the classical division of adverbs of space, time, etc., it is mainly based on the idiosyncratic features of the Nahuatl language and quite a few observations are interesting for the understanding of the pragmatics of this language. Nevertheless, according to later missionary grammarians of the colonial period, these detailed analyses were too comprehensive for a beginner, and this explains why there was soon a need for more brief introductions into the language. For pedagogical reasons, some learners preferred more abbreviated methods, but today the work is praised by most scholars.
Complete grammar covering phonology, morphology. The author decided to suppress syntax, but inste... more Complete grammar covering phonology, morphology. The author decided to suppress syntax, but instead he pays much attention to derivation and composition, an attempt to describe the specific typological features of a polysynthetic language like Nahuatl.
The work is seldom mentioned in recent scholarship, and it deserves more attention, since it is o... more The work is seldom mentioned in recent scholarship, and it deserves more attention, since it is one of the most extensive grammars of Nahuatl. Carranza deviates from tradition, since he does not start (after phonology) with the parts of speech, but with “número de oraciones” (level of the sentence, not the word). He distinguishes as in Latin grammar two types of active and two of passive sentences. Carranza does not only give examples or paradigms without explanations, but he includes also complete definitions. An original contribution is Carranza’s presentation of verbal paradigms combining twelve different “conjugations” with six different “voices” (“voces”).
Anthropogical Linguistics 49, 2:188-191., 2007
Review: Richard Hitchcock & Alan Jones (eds.): Studies on the Muwaššah and the Kharja. (Proceedin... more Review: Richard Hitchcock & Alan Jones (eds.): Studies on the Muwaššah and the Kharja. (Proceedings of the Exeter International Colloquium). London: Ithaca Press, 1991. and Federico Corriente & Ángel Sáenz-Badillos (eds.): Poesía estrófica. Actas del Primer Congreso Internacional sobre poesía estrófica árabe, hebrea y sus paralelos romances. Madrid: Facultad de Filología, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Cooperación con el Mundo Árabe, 1991.
‘Artículo-reseña.’ Lourido Díaz, Ramón. 2005. Fr. Bernardino González, OFM (c. 1665- c. 1735). In... more ‘Artículo-reseña.’ Lourido Díaz, Ramón. 2005. Fr. Bernardino González, OFM (c. 1665- c. 1735). Intérprete arábico, epítome de la gramática arábiga [obras manuscritas]. Estudio preliminar de Ramón Lourido Díaz. 2 Vols. Madrid: Real Academia de la historia/ Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación + Lourido Díaz, Ramón. 2006. El estudio del árabe entre los Franciscanos españoles en Tierra Santa (Siglos XVII- XIX). Madrid: Editorial Cisneros.
The grammars of the vernacular languages of Europe, as well as those that came out in other conti... more The grammars of the vernacular languages of Europe, as well as those that came out in other continents during the pre-modern period as a result of missionary activities, were influenced to a large extent by the idea of grammar propounded in the Trivium, particularly its sections on the letter, the syllable, the word and the phrase. Research in the last decades, however, has shown that these missionary grammars also contained references to linguistic phenomena that were “beyond” the traditional and established paradigms employed in the analysis of language during that time. In other words, while materials classified under the terms arte and diccionario generally encompassed well-known themes in the study of European languages and were based on Western conceptions of speech, the missionaries soon realized that the prevailing models were insufficient in understanding, describing and teaching non-European languages. Novel approaches were therefore devised to account for these differences, and these approaches will be at the heart of the IX International Congress on Missionary Linguistics.
From the 15th to the 18th of April 2016, the historic Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines will host the IX International Congress on Missionary Linguistics, which will delve into the contributions of missionary linguistics in fields of pragmatics and rhetoric. Previous conferences held in Oslo, São Paulo, Macao, Hong Kong, Valladolid (Spain), Mérida (Mexico), Tokyo, Bremen and Lima have focused on phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicography and translation. This conference will examine the observations made by missionaries on the communicative nuances of languages and their specific usage in particular contexts. In particular, the congress seeks to explore the contributions of missionary linguists in relation to the discipline that at present would have been called pragmatics. Some possible topics include:
- Language and its usage
- (Im)politeness
- Constituent orders (topicalization, focalization)
- Discourse markers
- Relationship between interlocutors
- Speech acts
- Evidentiality vs epistemicity
- Rhetoric (Rhetorical devices, metaphors, etc.)
- Extra-grammatical features of missionary grammars (references to culture, society, anthropology, etc.)
- Typology and functions of exemplars
- Translational issues linked to pragmatics.
The members of the group are investigating older texts (colonial, postcolonial, missionary and no... more The members of the group are investigating older texts (colonial, postcolonial, missionary and non-missionary, word lists of travelers, historians) with two main objectives: historical linguistics and the history of linguistics. The aim of historical linguistics is to describe older stages of languages as well as (processes of) language change, while the history of linguistics studies early thinking on languages and linguistics. The members working on missionary linguistics focus on European expansion, colonisation and christianisation after the discovery of the New World, which was accompanied by the study and recording of the native languages of the Americas. In the same period, Christian missionary activities escalated in Asia. Almost without exception, grammars and dictionaries were composed by missionaries for missionaries. Although it has been argued that this pioneer work is not interesting from a linguistic point of view, the results of recent research demonstrates that many missionaries, if not the most, had an excellent command of these ‘exotic' languages and often focused on the idiosyncratic features of the native languages. The work of these missionaries was hardly known in the Old World and, until today, many works have never been studied nor analysed in a satisfactory way. Other members work on non-missionary texts with the same objective, such as the pre-modern description of colloquial Arabic as it was spoken in Egypt and the disclosure of linguistic and ethnographic documentation in the Americas and the Philippines and networks of transcontinental information in the 18th century.
Pasado y presente de los estudios lingüisticos en México 25-29 de mayo de 2015 COLMEX/ UNAM/ IN... more Pasado y presente de los estudios lingüisticos en México
25-29 de mayo de 2015
COLMEX/ UNAM/ INAH/ SoMeHiL
