Anne Thiébaut | Paris Sud XI University (original) (raw)
Papers by Anne Thiébaut
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in ... more Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Unsaturated fatty acids intake and breast cancer risk: epidemiological data review]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44666051/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Bulletin du cancer, 2005
The relationship between fatty acids and breast cancer has been debated for long, because of the ... more The relationship between fatty acids and breast cancer has been debated for long, because of the high frequency of breast cancer and the contradictory results from the numerous studies devoted to this issue. The present review includes case-control and prospective studies, according to specified methodological criteria, which estimated the exposure to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) using dietary questionnaires or markers (plasma, erythrocytes, adipose tissue). The relationship between MUFA intake and breast cancer risk seems to depend on the contributing food : neutral or beneficial for vegetable oil, rather deleterious for animal products. Contrary to data from animal experiments, human studies do not show an increase of breast cancer risk with n-6 PUFA intake. Estimating the risk associated with alpha-linolenic acid appears difficult due to the incompleteness of food composition tables and studies on biomarkers remain few. The...
Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
L'Encéphale, 2013
To assess the rate of metabolic testing after initiation of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA... more To assess the rate of metabolic testing after initiation of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) prescription in persons initially treated by conventional mood-stabilizers (lithium or anticonvulsants, as a proxy of bipolar disorder diagnosis) and to compare the rates of metabolic testing in these persons with those in persons with initiation of first-generation antipsychotics (FGA) prescription or with no antipsychotic prescription. Data were anonymously extracted from the 2004 to 2006 French national health database of the Régime Social des Travailleurs Indépendants (RSI). Patients aged 18 years and over were included in the cohort if they fulfilled the following criteria over a three-month inclusion period: refunding of lithium or anticonvulsant over the 3 months without discontinuation (as a proxy of bipolar disorder diagnosis), no concomitant refunding over the 3months of antipsychotic, and no concomitant refunding over the 3 months of an anti-diabetic drug (as a marker of diabetes) or a lipid-lowering drug (as a marker of hyperlipidemia). Metabolic testing was assessed using information collected in the RSI database on the reimbursement of glucose-specific serum tests (glycaemia) and lipid-specific serum tests (total cholesterol). Serum glucose and lipid testings were assessed at baseline and at 12-week follow-up for the first episode of antipsychotic dispensing. Multivariate analyses were performed to compare the rate of metabolic testing in users of SGA to those of users of FGA and to those of non-users of antipsychotics. Three thousand one hundred and seventy patients were included. Of the 490 (15.4%) persons with a first episode of antipsychotic dispensing after the index date, 138 (4.3%) were dispensed only FGA over the first episode and 352 (11.1%) SGA (including 37 patients with both SGA and FGA dispensing). Metabolic testing at baseline and at 12-week follow-up was performed for 14% of persons with initiation of FGA and 12% with initiation of SGA. Almost no patient had both baseline and follow-up testing. Testing rates were lower for lipid testing than for glucose testing. Compared to persons with no antipsychotic, persons with SGA were significantly more likely to have metabolic testing at baseline and at follow-up, independently from other characteristics (adjusted OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.36). No difference was found between persons with SGA and those with FGA (adjusted OR=1.12, 95%CI 0.62 to 2.0). Regarding the other characteristics associated with likelihood of metabolic testing (irrespective of the treatment group), women were more likely than men to have metabolic testing at baseline but not at follow-up. Elderly persons and persons with low occupational status were more likely to have metabolic testing at follow-up. From a public health point of view, such findings indicate that the metabolic risks associated with SGA use in real-life conditions are widely underestimated. Regarding the temporal trends of antipsychotic prescription, with the dramatic rise of SGA use observed in most countries, it is a public health priority to improve metabolic monitoring in SGA users, irrespective of the underlying diagnosis. Since it is more complex to modify pre-existing inadequate practices than to initiate correct ones in new prescribers, great attention should be paid to the need for delivering strong messages regarding the metabolic risks associated with SGA prescription during the initial training of physicians.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
The epidemiologic evidence for the role of alcohol use in pancreatic cancer development is equivo... more The epidemiologic evidence for the role of alcohol use in pancreatic cancer development is equivocal. The authors prospectively examined the relation between alcohol use and risk of pancreatic cancer among 470,681 participants who were aged 50-71 years in 1995-1996 in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. The authors identified 1,149 eligible exocrine pancreatic cancer cases through December 2003. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals with the referent group being light drinkers (<1 drink/day). The relative risks of developing pancreatic cancer were 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.80; P trend ¼ 0.002) for heavy total alcohol use (3 drinks/ day,~40 g of alcohol/day) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.10; P trend ¼ 0.001) for heavy liquor use, compared with the respective referent group. The increased risk with heavy total alcohol use was seen in never smokers (relative risk ¼ 1.35, 95% CI: 0.79, 2.30) and participants who quit smoking 10 or more years ago before baseline (relative risk ¼ 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.00). These findings suggest a moderately increased pancreatic cancer risk with heavy alcohol use, particularly liquor; however, residual confounding by cigarette smoking cannot be completely excluded.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in America... more This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in American Journal of Epidemiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Jun 1;167(11):1312-20 is available online at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/167/11/1312 * Numbers in parentheses, standard deviation. † Including 8:0, 10:0, 11:0, 13:0, 20:0, 21:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0. ‡ Including cisand trans-16:1n-7. § Including cisand trans-18:1n-9 and 18:1n-7. ¶ MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
PLoS computational biology, 2015
Close proximity interactions (CPIs) measured by wireless electronic devices are increasingly used... more Close proximity interactions (CPIs) measured by wireless electronic devices are increasingly used in epidemiological models. However, no evidence supports that electronically collected CPIs inform on the contacts leading to transmission. Here, we analyzed Staphylococcus aureus carriage and CPIs recorded simultaneously in a long-term care facility for 4 months in 329 patients and 261 healthcare workers to test this hypothesis. In the broad diversity of isolated S. aureus strains, 173 transmission events were observed between participants. The joint analysis of carriage and CPIs showed that CPI paths linking incident cases to other individuals carrying the same strain (i.e. possible infectors) had fewer intermediaries than predicted by chance (P < 0.001), a feature that simulations showed to be the signature of transmission along CPIs. Additional analyses revealed a higher dissemination risk between patients via healthcare workers than via other patients. In conclusion, S. aureus t...
IARC scientific publications, 2002
Statistics in Medicine, 2012
A broad variety of methods for measurement error (ME) correction have been developed, but these m... more A broad variety of methods for measurement error (ME) correction have been developed, but these methods have rarely been applied possibly because their ability to correct ME is poorly understood. We carried out a simulation study to assess the performance of three error-correction methods: two variants of regression calibration (the substitution method and the estimation calibration method) and the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) method. Features of the simulated cohorts were borrowed from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort in which exposure to radon had been documented from 1946 to 1999. In the absence of ME correction, we observed a severe attenuation of the true effect of radon exposure, with a negative relative bias of the order of 60% on the excess relative risk of lung cancer death. In the main scenario considered, that is, when ME characteristics previously determined as most plausible from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort were used both to generate exposure data and to correct for ME at the analysis stage, all three error-correction methods showed a noticeable but partial reduction of the attenuation bias, with a slight advantage for the SIMEX method. However, the performance of the three correction methods highly depended on the accurate determination of the characteristics of ME. In particular, we encountered severe overestimation in some scenarios with the SIMEX method, and we observed lack of correction with the three methods in some other scenarios. For illustration, we also applied and compared the proposed methods on the real data set from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort study.
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2012
Measurement error (ME) can lead to bias in the analysis of epidemiologic studies. Here a simulati... more Measurement error (ME) can lead to bias in the analysis of epidemiologic studies. Here a simulation study is described that is based on data from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort and that was conducted to assess the effect of ME on the estimated excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer death associated with radon exposure. Starting from a scenario without any ME, data were generated containing successively Berkson or classical ME depending on time periods, to reflect changes in the measurement of exposure to radon ((222)Rn) and its decay products over time in this cohort. Results indicate that ME attenuated the level of association with radon exposure, with a negative bias percentage on the order of 60% on the ERR estimate. Sensitivity analyses showed the consequences of specific ME characteristics (type, size, structure, and distribution) on the ERR estimates. In the future, it appears important to correct for ME upon analyzing cohorts such as this one to decrease bias in estimates of the ERR of adverse events associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.
Public Health Nutrition, 2002
Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and cou... more Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting: 24-Hour dietary recalls were collected by means of standardised computer-guided interviews in 27 redefined EPIC centres across 10 European countries. Subjects: From an initial number of 36 900 subjects, single dietary recalls from 22 924 women and 13 031 men in the age range of 35-74 years were included. Results: Mean daily intake of added fats and oils varied between 16.2 g (Varese, Italy) and 41.1 g (Malmö, Sweden) in women and between 24.7 g (Ragusa, Italy) and 66.0 g (Potsdam, Germany) in men. Total mean lipid intake by consumption of added fats and oils, including those used for sauce preparation, ranged between 18.3 (Norway) and 37.2 g day 21 (Greece) in women and 28.4 (Heidelberg, Germany) and 51.2 g day 21 (Greece) in men. The Mediterranean EPIC centres with high olive oil consumption combined with low animal fat intake contrasted with the central and northern European centres where fewer vegetable oils, more animal fats and a high proportion of margarine were consumed. The consumption of added fats and oils of animal origin was highest in the German EPIC centres, followed by the French. The contribution of added fats and oils to total energy intake ranged from 8% in Norway to 22% in Greece.
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in ... more Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013
the near future because oncogenic potentials of HPV types differ, and changes in incidence of HPV... more the near future because oncogenic potentials of HPV types differ, and changes in incidence of HPV-related disease are preceded by changes in prevalence of HPV-type infection.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2005
Contrasting etiologic hypotheses about the role of endogenous sex steroids in breast cancer devel... more Contrasting etiologic hypotheses about the role of endogenous sex steroids in breast cancer development among premenopausal women implicate ovarian androgen excess and progesterone defi ciency, estrogen excess, estrogen and progesterone excess, and both an excess or lack of adrenal androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA] or its sulfate [DHEAS]) as risk factors. We conducted a case -control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort to examine associations among premenopausal serum concentrations of sex steroids and subsequent breast cancer risk. Methods : Levels of DHEAS, ( Δ 4-)androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in single prediagnostic serum samples from 370 premenopausal women who subsequently developed breast cancer (case patients) and from 726 matched cancer-free control subjects. Levels of progesterone, estrone, and estradiol were also measured for the 285 case patients and 555 matched control subjects who had provided information about the day of menstrual cycle at blood donation. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks of breast cancer by quartiles of hormone concentrations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results : Increased risks of breast cancer were associated with elevated serum concentrations of testosterone (odds ratio [OR] for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 2.57; P trend = .01), androstenedione (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.32; P trend = .01), and DHEAS (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.14; P trend = .10) but not SHBG . Elevated serum progesterone concentrations were associated with a statistically signifi cant reduction in breast cancer risk (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.98; P trend = .06). The absolute risk of breast cancer for women younger than 40 followed up for 10 years was estimated at 2.6% for those in the highest quartile of serum testosterone versus 1.5% for those in the lowest quartile; for the highest and lowest quartiles of progesterone, these estimates were 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Breast cancer risk was not statistically signifi cantly associated with serum levels of the other hormones. Conclusions : Our results support the hypothesis that elevated blood concentrations of androgens are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:755 -65]
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2009
Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth for cancer mortality in the United States and is one of the most r... more Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth for cancer mortality in the United States and is one of the most rapidly fatal malignancies ( 1 ). Other than cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, modifi able risk factors are not well established ( 2 , 3 ). Various dietary factors have been investigated as potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer ( 3 ). Consumption of fat overall and fat from animal products has been associated with elevated disease risk in some epidemiological studies [ecological ( 4 , 5 ), case -control ( 6 -10 ), or prospective ( 11 -13 )] but not in others ( 14 -25 ).
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2012
Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Ente... more Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have become a major public health threat, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). We assessed and compared b-lactam use, the prevalence of colonization with CRE at admission and the incidence of CRE acquisition across ICUs.
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
Background International multicentre studies on diet and cancer are relatively new in epidemiolog... more Background International multicentre studies on diet and cancer are relatively new in epidemiological research. They offer a series of challenging methodological issues for the evaluation of the association between dietary exposure and disease outcomes, which can both be quite heterogeneous across different geographical regions. This requires considerable work to standardize dietary measurements at the food and the nutrient levels.
International Journal of Cancer, 2009
Experimental studies suggest detrimental effects of x-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and b... more Experimental studies suggest detrimental effects of x-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and beneficial effects of x-3 PUFAs on mammary carcinogenesis, possibly in interaction with antioxidants. However, PUFA food sources are diverse in human diets and few epidemiologic studies have examined whether associations between dietary PUFAs and breast cancer risk vary according to food sources or antioxidant intakes. The relationship between individual PUFA intakes estimated from diet history questionnaires and breast cancer risk was examined among 56,007 French women. During 8 years of follow-up, 1,650 women developed invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer risk was not related to any dietary PUFA overall; however, opposite associations were seen according to food sources, suggesting other potential effects than PUFA per se. Breast cancer risk was inversely associated with alinolenic acid (ALA) intake from fruit and vegetables [highest vs. lowest quintile, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.88; p trend < 0.0001], and from vegetable oils (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.97; p trend 0.017). Conversely, breast cancer risk was positively related to ALA intake from nut mixes (p trend 0.004) and processed foods (p trend 0.068), as was total ALA intake among women in the highest quintile of dietary vitamin E (p trend 0.036). A significant interaction was also found between x-6 and long-chain x-3 PUFAs, with breast cancer risk inversely related to long-chain x-3 PUFAs in women belonging to the highest quintile of x-6 PUFAs (p interaction 0.042). These results emphasize the need to consider food sources, as well as interactions between fatty acids and with antioxidants, when evaluating associations between PUFA intakes and breast cancer risk.
International Journal of Cancer, 2006
No associations with breast cancer risk were observed when the study participants were subdivided... more No associations with breast cancer risk were observed when the study participants were subdivided by menopausal status. Although the period of follow-up is relatively short, the results provide no evidence for an association between fish intake and breast cancer risk. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in ... more Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level.
Bulletin du cancer, 2005
The relationship between fatty acids and breast cancer has been debated for long, because of the ... more The relationship between fatty acids and breast cancer has been debated for long, because of the high frequency of breast cancer and the contradictory results from the numerous studies devoted to this issue. The present review includes case-control and prospective studies, according to specified methodological criteria, which estimated the exposure to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) using dietary questionnaires or markers (plasma, erythrocytes, adipose tissue). The relationship between MUFA intake and breast cancer risk seems to depend on the contributing food : neutral or beneficial for vegetable oil, rather deleterious for animal products. Contrary to data from animal experiments, human studies do not show an increase of breast cancer risk with n-6 PUFA intake. Estimating the risk associated with alpha-linolenic acid appears difficult due to the incompleteness of food composition tables and studies on biomarkers remain few. The...
Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
L'Encéphale, 2013
To assess the rate of metabolic testing after initiation of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA... more To assess the rate of metabolic testing after initiation of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) prescription in persons initially treated by conventional mood-stabilizers (lithium or anticonvulsants, as a proxy of bipolar disorder diagnosis) and to compare the rates of metabolic testing in these persons with those in persons with initiation of first-generation antipsychotics (FGA) prescription or with no antipsychotic prescription. Data were anonymously extracted from the 2004 to 2006 French national health database of the Régime Social des Travailleurs Indépendants (RSI). Patients aged 18 years and over were included in the cohort if they fulfilled the following criteria over a three-month inclusion period: refunding of lithium or anticonvulsant over the 3 months without discontinuation (as a proxy of bipolar disorder diagnosis), no concomitant refunding over the 3months of antipsychotic, and no concomitant refunding over the 3 months of an anti-diabetic drug (as a marker of diabetes) or a lipid-lowering drug (as a marker of hyperlipidemia). Metabolic testing was assessed using information collected in the RSI database on the reimbursement of glucose-specific serum tests (glycaemia) and lipid-specific serum tests (total cholesterol). Serum glucose and lipid testings were assessed at baseline and at 12-week follow-up for the first episode of antipsychotic dispensing. Multivariate analyses were performed to compare the rate of metabolic testing in users of SGA to those of users of FGA and to those of non-users of antipsychotics. Three thousand one hundred and seventy patients were included. Of the 490 (15.4%) persons with a first episode of antipsychotic dispensing after the index date, 138 (4.3%) were dispensed only FGA over the first episode and 352 (11.1%) SGA (including 37 patients with both SGA and FGA dispensing). Metabolic testing at baseline and at 12-week follow-up was performed for 14% of persons with initiation of FGA and 12% with initiation of SGA. Almost no patient had both baseline and follow-up testing. Testing rates were lower for lipid testing than for glucose testing. Compared to persons with no antipsychotic, persons with SGA were significantly more likely to have metabolic testing at baseline and at follow-up, independently from other characteristics (adjusted OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.36). No difference was found between persons with SGA and those with FGA (adjusted OR=1.12, 95%CI 0.62 to 2.0). Regarding the other characteristics associated with likelihood of metabolic testing (irrespective of the treatment group), women were more likely than men to have metabolic testing at baseline but not at follow-up. Elderly persons and persons with low occupational status were more likely to have metabolic testing at follow-up. From a public health point of view, such findings indicate that the metabolic risks associated with SGA use in real-life conditions are widely underestimated. Regarding the temporal trends of antipsychotic prescription, with the dramatic rise of SGA use observed in most countries, it is a public health priority to improve metabolic monitoring in SGA users, irrespective of the underlying diagnosis. Since it is more complex to modify pre-existing inadequate practices than to initiate correct ones in new prescribers, great attention should be paid to the need for delivering strong messages regarding the metabolic risks associated with SGA prescription during the initial training of physicians.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
The epidemiologic evidence for the role of alcohol use in pancreatic cancer development is equivo... more The epidemiologic evidence for the role of alcohol use in pancreatic cancer development is equivocal. The authors prospectively examined the relation between alcohol use and risk of pancreatic cancer among 470,681 participants who were aged 50-71 years in 1995-1996 in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. The authors identified 1,149 eligible exocrine pancreatic cancer cases through December 2003. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals with the referent group being light drinkers (<1 drink/day). The relative risks of developing pancreatic cancer were 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.80; P trend ¼ 0.002) for heavy total alcohol use (3 drinks/ day,~40 g of alcohol/day) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.10; P trend ¼ 0.001) for heavy liquor use, compared with the respective referent group. The increased risk with heavy total alcohol use was seen in never smokers (relative risk ¼ 1.35, 95% CI: 0.79, 2.30) and participants who quit smoking 10 or more years ago before baseline (relative risk ¼ 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.00). These findings suggest a moderately increased pancreatic cancer risk with heavy alcohol use, particularly liquor; however, residual confounding by cigarette smoking cannot be completely excluded.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in America... more This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in American Journal of Epidemiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Jun 1;167(11):1312-20 is available online at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/167/11/1312 * Numbers in parentheses, standard deviation. † Including 8:0, 10:0, 11:0, 13:0, 20:0, 21:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0. ‡ Including cisand trans-16:1n-7. § Including cisand trans-18:1n-9 and 18:1n-7. ¶ MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
PLoS computational biology, 2015
Close proximity interactions (CPIs) measured by wireless electronic devices are increasingly used... more Close proximity interactions (CPIs) measured by wireless electronic devices are increasingly used in epidemiological models. However, no evidence supports that electronically collected CPIs inform on the contacts leading to transmission. Here, we analyzed Staphylococcus aureus carriage and CPIs recorded simultaneously in a long-term care facility for 4 months in 329 patients and 261 healthcare workers to test this hypothesis. In the broad diversity of isolated S. aureus strains, 173 transmission events were observed between participants. The joint analysis of carriage and CPIs showed that CPI paths linking incident cases to other individuals carrying the same strain (i.e. possible infectors) had fewer intermediaries than predicted by chance (P < 0.001), a feature that simulations showed to be the signature of transmission along CPIs. Additional analyses revealed a higher dissemination risk between patients via healthcare workers than via other patients. In conclusion, S. aureus t...
IARC scientific publications, 2002
Statistics in Medicine, 2012
A broad variety of methods for measurement error (ME) correction have been developed, but these m... more A broad variety of methods for measurement error (ME) correction have been developed, but these methods have rarely been applied possibly because their ability to correct ME is poorly understood. We carried out a simulation study to assess the performance of three error-correction methods: two variants of regression calibration (the substitution method and the estimation calibration method) and the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) method. Features of the simulated cohorts were borrowed from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort in which exposure to radon had been documented from 1946 to 1999. In the absence of ME correction, we observed a severe attenuation of the true effect of radon exposure, with a negative relative bias of the order of 60% on the excess relative risk of lung cancer death. In the main scenario considered, that is, when ME characteristics previously determined as most plausible from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort were used both to generate exposure data and to correct for ME at the analysis stage, all three error-correction methods showed a noticeable but partial reduction of the attenuation bias, with a slight advantage for the SIMEX method. However, the performance of the three correction methods highly depended on the accurate determination of the characteristics of ME. In particular, we encountered severe overestimation in some scenarios with the SIMEX method, and we observed lack of correction with the three methods in some other scenarios. For illustration, we also applied and compared the proposed methods on the real data set from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort study.
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2012
Measurement error (ME) can lead to bias in the analysis of epidemiologic studies. Here a simulati... more Measurement error (ME) can lead to bias in the analysis of epidemiologic studies. Here a simulation study is described that is based on data from the French Uranium Miners&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; Cohort and that was conducted to assess the effect of ME on the estimated excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer death associated with radon exposure. Starting from a scenario without any ME, data were generated containing successively Berkson or classical ME depending on time periods, to reflect changes in the measurement of exposure to radon ((222)Rn) and its decay products over time in this cohort. Results indicate that ME attenuated the level of association with radon exposure, with a negative bias percentage on the order of 60% on the ERR estimate. Sensitivity analyses showed the consequences of specific ME characteristics (type, size, structure, and distribution) on the ERR estimates. In the future, it appears important to correct for ME upon analyzing cohorts such as this one to decrease bias in estimates of the ERR of adverse events associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.
Public Health Nutrition, 2002
Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and cou... more Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting: 24-Hour dietary recalls were collected by means of standardised computer-guided interviews in 27 redefined EPIC centres across 10 European countries. Subjects: From an initial number of 36 900 subjects, single dietary recalls from 22 924 women and 13 031 men in the age range of 35-74 years were included. Results: Mean daily intake of added fats and oils varied between 16.2 g (Varese, Italy) and 41.1 g (Malmö, Sweden) in women and between 24.7 g (Ragusa, Italy) and 66.0 g (Potsdam, Germany) in men. Total mean lipid intake by consumption of added fats and oils, including those used for sauce preparation, ranged between 18.3 (Norway) and 37.2 g day 21 (Greece) in women and 28.4 (Heidelberg, Germany) and 51.2 g day 21 (Greece) in men. The Mediterranean EPIC centres with high olive oil consumption combined with low animal fat intake contrasted with the central and northern European centres where fewer vegetable oils, more animal fats and a high proportion of margarine were consumed. The consumption of added fats and oils of animal origin was highest in the German EPIC centres, followed by the French. The contribution of added fats and oils to total energy intake ranged from 8% in Norway to 22% in Greece.
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in ... more Background: The association between placental malaria (PM) and first peripheral parasitaemias in early infancy was assessed in Tori Bossito, a rural area of Benin with a careful attention on transmission factors at an individual level.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013
the near future because oncogenic potentials of HPV types differ, and changes in incidence of HPV... more the near future because oncogenic potentials of HPV types differ, and changes in incidence of HPV-related disease are preceded by changes in prevalence of HPV-type infection.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2005
Contrasting etiologic hypotheses about the role of endogenous sex steroids in breast cancer devel... more Contrasting etiologic hypotheses about the role of endogenous sex steroids in breast cancer development among premenopausal women implicate ovarian androgen excess and progesterone defi ciency, estrogen excess, estrogen and progesterone excess, and both an excess or lack of adrenal androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA] or its sulfate [DHEAS]) as risk factors. We conducted a case -control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort to examine associations among premenopausal serum concentrations of sex steroids and subsequent breast cancer risk. Methods : Levels of DHEAS, ( Δ 4-)androstenedione, testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in single prediagnostic serum samples from 370 premenopausal women who subsequently developed breast cancer (case patients) and from 726 matched cancer-free control subjects. Levels of progesterone, estrone, and estradiol were also measured for the 285 case patients and 555 matched control subjects who had provided information about the day of menstrual cycle at blood donation. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks of breast cancer by quartiles of hormone concentrations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results : Increased risks of breast cancer were associated with elevated serum concentrations of testosterone (odds ratio [OR] for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 2.57; P trend = .01), androstenedione (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.32; P trend = .01), and DHEAS (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.14; P trend = .10) but not SHBG . Elevated serum progesterone concentrations were associated with a statistically signifi cant reduction in breast cancer risk (OR for highest versus lowest quartile = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.98; P trend = .06). The absolute risk of breast cancer for women younger than 40 followed up for 10 years was estimated at 2.6% for those in the highest quartile of serum testosterone versus 1.5% for those in the lowest quartile; for the highest and lowest quartiles of progesterone, these estimates were 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Breast cancer risk was not statistically signifi cantly associated with serum levels of the other hormones. Conclusions : Our results support the hypothesis that elevated blood concentrations of androgens are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:755 -65]
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2009
Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth for cancer mortality in the United States and is one of the most r... more Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth for cancer mortality in the United States and is one of the most rapidly fatal malignancies ( 1 ). Other than cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, modifi able risk factors are not well established ( 2 , 3 ). Various dietary factors have been investigated as potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer ( 3 ). Consumption of fat overall and fat from animal products has been associated with elevated disease risk in some epidemiological studies [ecological ( 4 , 5 ), case -control ( 6 -10 ), or prospective ( 11 -13 )] but not in others ( 14 -25 ).
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2012
Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Ente... more Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have become a major public health threat, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). We assessed and compared b-lactam use, the prevalence of colonization with CRE at admission and the incidence of CRE acquisition across ICUs.
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
Background International multicentre studies on diet and cancer are relatively new in epidemiolog... more Background International multicentre studies on diet and cancer are relatively new in epidemiological research. They offer a series of challenging methodological issues for the evaluation of the association between dietary exposure and disease outcomes, which can both be quite heterogeneous across different geographical regions. This requires considerable work to standardize dietary measurements at the food and the nutrient levels.
International Journal of Cancer, 2009
Experimental studies suggest detrimental effects of x-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and b... more Experimental studies suggest detrimental effects of x-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and beneficial effects of x-3 PUFAs on mammary carcinogenesis, possibly in interaction with antioxidants. However, PUFA food sources are diverse in human diets and few epidemiologic studies have examined whether associations between dietary PUFAs and breast cancer risk vary according to food sources or antioxidant intakes. The relationship between individual PUFA intakes estimated from diet history questionnaires and breast cancer risk was examined among 56,007 French women. During 8 years of follow-up, 1,650 women developed invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer risk was not related to any dietary PUFA overall; however, opposite associations were seen according to food sources, suggesting other potential effects than PUFA per se. Breast cancer risk was inversely associated with alinolenic acid (ALA) intake from fruit and vegetables [highest vs. lowest quintile, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.88; p trend < 0.0001], and from vegetable oils (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.97; p trend 0.017). Conversely, breast cancer risk was positively related to ALA intake from nut mixes (p trend 0.004) and processed foods (p trend 0.068), as was total ALA intake among women in the highest quintile of dietary vitamin E (p trend 0.036). A significant interaction was also found between x-6 and long-chain x-3 PUFAs, with breast cancer risk inversely related to long-chain x-3 PUFAs in women belonging to the highest quintile of x-6 PUFAs (p interaction 0.042). These results emphasize the need to consider food sources, as well as interactions between fatty acids and with antioxidants, when evaluating associations between PUFA intakes and breast cancer risk.
International Journal of Cancer, 2006
No associations with breast cancer risk were observed when the study participants were subdivided... more No associations with breast cancer risk were observed when the study participants were subdivided by menopausal status. Although the period of follow-up is relatively short, the results provide no evidence for an association between fish intake and breast cancer risk. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.