Dr. Abid G. Chaudhry | Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Abid G. Chaudhry

Indigenous Knowledge System is the set of values, customs, belief system and practices adopted by... more Indigenous Knowledge System is the set of values, customs, belief system and practices adopted by a culture on the basis of continuous socio-economic, geo-political and eco-environmental feedback. Man and environment both play the role of benefactors that enjoy mutual cooperation, dependence and physical existence. The aim of the paper was to see whether or not the traditional farming has totally come to an obsolete or are there any pockets where the traditional farming is still in practice. The most important was to explore the new advantage of traditional farming practices over the modern ones that are the electricity shortfalls, high pricing of modern fertilizers and pesticides, and the thinned profit margins after a use of modern agriculture. The study was conducted in a village Sacha Soda of Sheikhupura District.

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Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. The inability to conceive and reproduce... more Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. The inability to conceive and reproduce is termed as infertility. There are various factors leading to infertility like age, disease or the structure of the reproductive system. Infertility is a serious issue that is treated as a taboo thus has various social-psychological consequences. The data was collected from a sample of 40 respondent selected by snowball sampling using a semi-structured questionnaire from Rawalpindi city. The research was conducted over period of two month. The findings of the study revealed that infertile people face many difficulties when it comes to marital life. The family and society overall treated the infertile as a taboo; revolting and repellent excluding them from all social and cultural activities including decision making at familial level and participation in any cultural festivals. The exclusion thus made the infertile face serious psychological issues like depression, anxiety, guilt and dissatisfaction.

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The present study focuses on the economic empowerment of working women by contributing in househ... more The present study focuses on the economic empowerment of working women by contributing in household economy by working both inside and outside their homes. The study was conducted in the village of Karimabad in district Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan. Data was collected from 100 respondents with the help of simple random sampling technique, after building a sampling frame of working women in the area with the help of key informants. The study utilized various data collection methods like socio- economic census forms, case studies, participant observation, and key informant method. The study shows a significant yet unrecognized role of women in the economy, where they work both inside and outside their homes. Mostly the women working inside their homes engaged in agriculture, handicraft and vocational work, while women working outside the premises of their homes were involved in various educational, Community Based Organizations, NGOs and Public Organizations. Tabulated data shows that 63% were
attached with miscellaneous professions categorized as others occupations like teachers, professors, clerks, lower division clerks, shopkeepers and restaurant owners. While, 25% worked in different Community Based Organizations, NGOs and Public Organizations and 12% were attached with agriculture, poultry farming, handicrafts and sewing clothes.

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The current paper is also based on a research conducted in a Punjabi village of Pakistan. The ma... more The current paper is also based on a research conducted in a Punjabi village of Pakistan. The main thrust of research was to study indigenous knowledge system and its traditional wisdom attached with the traditional medicine which is called alternative medicine now a days. The study brings forth the worth of traditional medicine, its utilities and consumption practiced by the local and indigenous populations. Moreover, the paper throws light on perception of inhabitants regarding their preferences of seeking a particular treatment pattern and local sensing about health and treatment systems. In a nut shell, the papers highlights why local people have evolved a
preference pattern of their own in which they consult either western medicine or their local medicine. The paper also discusses details about domestically held treatments for few major ailments.

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The study focused on recognizing the local approaches of farming in designing and implementation ... more The study focused on recognizing the local approaches of
farming in designing and implementation of development projects. These approaches are representative of a particular ecological, social, economical, and political system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, as the locals are the ones most representative of their issues and have the most workable solution to them. The traditional agriculture has
completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming methods, due to which they are being abandoned by the farmers. Modern farming which is representative of development has increased the competition, transitioning, breaking the community into people experimenting on
modern technology and those who are still finding means to adapt their traditional agriculture to the fast changing needs of the societies. The research was carried out in the villages of Ghora Gali and Arukas through qualitative and quantitative methods. Sustainable development in Pakistan thus needs to be reinvented in the local perspective considering approaches and practices and, eradicating the alien chains of development
completely.

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The present study is an attempt to assess the scope of revival of Jirga or Panchayat, an importan... more The present study is an attempt to assess the scope of revival of Jirga or Panchayat, an important part of Informal Justice System, in the Pakistan. The data was gathered, using a structured questionnaire and interviews, from the sampling frame Law College, and Bahria university of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, respectively. A sample of 51 respondents was selected purposely. Majority of them were affiliated with legal studies i.e. law degree. It was observed that the government is fairly active in trying to revitalize the informal justice system in rural areas of Pakistan. According to the findings mediation has been found to significantly and positively affect justice provision as the government justice system is time consuming and requires a lot of money. Moreover, it was revealed that rape cases have increased in the last few decades as the grass root level; informal panchayat system has visibly collapsed.

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Ageing is a global phenomenon with all its impacts and consequences as observed most of the devel... more Ageing is a global phenomenon with all its impacts and consequences as observed most of the developed countries along with developing countries. In Pakistan the issue of ageing is not given more importance as it required securing the future of our elder’s population. This study was focused to explore the perception of Older Persons (OPs) about old age. Structure questionnaire was implemented to collect the data of 384 OPs of Rawalpindi city. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS. Data shows the participation of 70% male OPs and 30% belongs to female OPs of respective area. Most of the study respondents were having the age between age group 60-65 as recorded 53.9%. Among 384 respondents, 267 OPs perceived old age as illness & disease, 194 OPs were reported the name of stress & depression. Predominantly, 243 elders considered old age as full of social isolation & ignorance. Increased dependency, less social participation, and poor mental & physical health was also reported by study respondents. Study concludes that if we want to bring a happy and active ending then we must consider the efforts that promote the positive and productive perceptions and stereotypes among OPs of our society, and also to gain benefit from their valuable experiences.

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The research was designed to study the relationship between the traditional religious gatherings ... more The research was designed to study the relationship between the traditional religious gatherings and information and communication technologies. The study was conducted in the Malakwal city, Punjab by using the mixture of both quantitative and qualitative techniques. A sample of 390 households was drawn from the systematic random sampling. The data gathered from the survey and participant observation showed that most of the participants believe in the eroding bite of the traditional religious gatherings due to excessive use of both mobile and computers.

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This study is a qualitative analysis of women’s contribution to the household economy. This parti... more This study is a qualitative analysis of women’s contribution to the household economy. This particular study was conducted in the village of Karimabad in district Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan. Data was collected from 100 respondents by using simple random sampling technique. The study utilized various data collection methods including interviews, case studies, participant observation, and key informant method. Women in the village were observed to be working as teachers, nurses, carpenters and some engaged in agriculture. The shift from agriculture to employment sector has brought quiet a lot of changes in their daily life. The study reveals that the women of the area in relevance to the last decade have relatively taken more part as a working force in the domestic economy. 38 percent of the women working in various professions including vocational, technical, teaching and clerical earned between 10,000- 20,000. The data showed that even though woman have started working yet they are not being paid equally as men.

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Shrines of Sufi Saints remain a significant aspect of the religious and social structure of Pakis... more Shrines of Sufi Saints remain a significant aspect of the religious and social structure of Pakistan. They are fundamentally functional in creating social participation, provision of entertainment in the form of devotional music and songs (qawali), educating people, distribution of food, sweets, money etc. The purpose behind the present study was to explore the notion of Mannat and its existing types and practices in different religions and sects of the existing society. To uncover the associated belief systems of people visiting Shrines. Moreover, to understand the underlying casual factors compelling people to make Mannat. The study’s sampling frame was Shrine of Hazrat Bari Imam in village Noor Pur Shahan of Capital Territory Islamabad, from which a sample of 80 respondents was purposively selected. The study used a blend of both qualitative and quantitative tools.

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The characterization of what acts amount to child sexual abuse is seldom contested. Homosexuality... more The characterization of what acts amount to child sexual abuse is seldom contested. Homosexuality is alienated from Child sexual abuse since there is an element of mutual consent and age which draws a thin line between the two. It’s seldom talked about, yet boys are also vulnerable to sexual exploitation. The exploratory study spotted on ruling out the cases of abuse among children living in difficult circumstances. Keeping in view the cultural sensitivity of the topic, in-depth interviews were conducted from such children over a period of five months from a sample of 124 boy children from Mouza Gadai, Dera Ghazi Khan. The results from marginalized children were correlated with abuse which reflected a positive correlation amongst the variables. The study revealed that the cases of abuse were prevalent amongst the sample studied. The issues were more of exploitation than homosexuality by consent among the targeted populace. They were more vulnerable to sexual abuse due to unawareness and dependency.

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Ascribed status is a socially prescribed status assigned to the individual by birth. With rapid u... more Ascribed status is a socially prescribed status assigned to the individual by birth. With rapid urbanization and increase in population, resource inequality between the rural and the urban sectors has majorly increased leading to migration. The role of ascribed status in achieving resources and thus changing the achieved status still prevails in our societies. The objective of the study is to explore the depth of the role played by ascribed status in achieving resources in an urban setup. The type of questionnaire was qualitative in which tool used is mixed of qualitative and quantitative. The sample of study was 50. The data was collected in the area of Shamsabad Rawalpindi and gathered through convenient sampling. Statistical analysis of chi-square proved that hypothesis, people status effect in society significant value is 0.003>0.05 and people change their caste to seek respect significant value is 0.027>0.05.

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This research was designed to assess the need of internet technology in changing trends of commun... more This research was designed to assess the need of internet technology in changing trends of communication and its financial impact on household of Malakwal city. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used. A sample of 390 households was drawn by systematic random sampling. The data gathered by survey questionnaires showed that the number of social media users are low but they are very much familiar with these applications to response either wise about the asked question. And the changing communication trends must be backed by the internet technology which also raise the monthly expanse of household.

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This study was designed to investigate the level of life satisfaction in university students. The... more This study was designed to investigate the level of life satisfaction in university students. The sample of the study consisted of 275 students (124 Muzaffarabad university and 151 Hazara university). Among 275 students 152 were boys and 123 were girls. Age range of the sample was 18 to 23years. The data was collected from Muzaffarabad University and Hazara University. Satisfaction with life scale [1], was administered to assess the levels of life satisfaction with reference to age, gender and culture difference respectively along demographic form. For statistical analysis t-test was used. Findings showed that life satisfaction increases with increase in age, culture difference is also the predictor of life satisfaction and no difference found in life satisfaction with reference to gender.

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Scarcity of natural resources, determines the intensity of the competition and conflict among the... more Scarcity of natural resources, determines the intensity of the competition and conflict among the community, while the victor of the conflict and access to the resources is decided by the social status and class. The paper attempts to form a triangular relationship between 'ecology', 'conflict' and 'access to resources' demonstrating their interplay in the light of environmental determinism and Marxist perspective. The research locale and sampling frame were the villages of „Ghora Gali‟ and „Arukas‟, from where 200 sampling units, 100 from each locale respectively, were selected through convenience sampling. The paper revealed that scarcity of environmental resources, preferential treatment in distribution assets are directly correlated with competition and conflicts. Moreover, access to resources was correlated to preference on the basis of status.

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The main aim of the present study was to find out the effects of depression on students' academic... more The main aim of the present study was to find out the effects of depression on students' academic performance. The proposed study was descriptive in nature. The target population of the study was comprised of all Govt. Colleges Women of city Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Students studying in second year class were selected through simple random sampling technique. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. Depression Screening Test by Ivan Goldberg was used for measuring the level of depression and to find out the effects of depression on student’s academic performance “Academic Performance Rating Scale” (APRS) for teachers was administered to take teachers’ responses about students and students academic record was taken out from respective institutions. Data was analyzed by using Chi-Square and paired sample t test. The result showed that there is negative effect of depression on student’s academic performance whereas there is a significance difference between the academic performance of the students having low, medium and high level depression.

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Violence and show of power is a typical feature of rural life in province of Punjab, Pakistan. Th... more Violence and show of power is a typical feature of rural life in province of Punjab, Pakistan. The Power elites in the Extremities among the factions based on caste factor in rural areas are wide spread in the villages. The purpose of the paper is to see the major developmental projects in village for agricultural development and the cultural response. In order to better understand role of power structure in manipulation of the developmental work, the inevitable existence of influential Deraydars, the evolution of all major power groups in the village are also discussed. This paper also discusses the political set up of the village to see how the political set up of village revolves around the pressure groups of village. How these pressure groups are formed, why these pressure groups try to manipulate benefits using their influence, political links, relationships, etc. The paper is based on an empirical research conducted in a Village ‘Sacha Soda’ located in Sheikhupura district of the Punjab province.

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Women when it comes to family are supposed to go beyond extent to sacrifice for the sake of the f... more Women when it comes to family are supposed to go beyond extent to sacrifice for the sake of the family. Women generally in all sphere of life are striving for getting recognized. Women being the half of population are not just the half of inhabitants rather it is half of the labor force, half of the developmental human resources that is stuck in a black hole without realizing that pushing women to the back stage means pushing
our development in backyard. It is not reducing the competition; it is fixing a time bomb in the foundations of our society that will totally collapse the developmental efforts. Despite all cultural stereotypes, women are indulged in all spheres of life and contributing without desirous of being recognized.

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Youth constitute a major portion of the population of Pakistan. Over 110 million of the 180-odd m... more Youth constitute a major portion of the population of Pakistan. Over 110 million of the 180-odd million Pakistanis today are under the age of 29 of whom over 50 million are classified as youth between ages 15-29. Unfortunately, there are very few opportunities for them to participate in the political, social and economic life besides having no forums to make their voices heard. Also, often, the youth themselves are very unaware of their own roles and responsibilities viz a vis socio-political development and thus unable to contribute towards meeting
the challenges that they or/and their communities face. This study comprised 112 students from different education
institutions of Peshawar city. Respondents were selected by using the purposive sampling method regarding their
age. It also concludes that the youth is disappointed with the political leadership to a significant degree and consider them part of the problems and not part of the solution to the challenges Pakistan is facing today. On a positive note the end line survey reflects the positive impact of the project that youth who underwent the trainings learned about the significance of good leadership and how to help create and promote good leadership.

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Panchayat system has been operational as the lowest administrative unit since pre-partition ancie... more Panchayat system has been operational as the lowest administrative unit since pre-partition ancient
medieval times. It has been an influential tool for bringing justice to the local communities, as a conflict resolution
body for village level disputes and to systematize social, cultural and religious activities. The paper explores the
preference of the community and their views towards the panchayat system as a judicial body. The study locale was
district Lodhran‟s village “1-Chak”, the sample size was 153 selected through random sampling. The results reflected
that the community was exceptionally dependent upon the „panchayat and biradari system‟ for resolving their issues,
and it worked as a fundamental justice providing body. The preference for panchayat system was affirmed to be for
various reasons which firstly included; „confidentiality‟, “time efficiency‟ and „the complications of judicial law”
provided by the government

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