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Papers by VICTOR SARTO I MONTEYS

Systematics and Biodiversity, 2005

Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) is an attractive neotropical castniid moth whose presence i... more Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) is an attractive neotropical castniid
moth whose presence in Europe was recently reported. Its larvae are endophagous, feeding inside the trunks and branches of several species of palm trees (Arecaceae). The present paper deals with the morphology and biometry of the egg of this moth, comparing them with those of other castniid species.
The egg is a typical castniid egg, fusiform, upright sensu Döring, light cream or creamy pink when freshly laid, 4.69 ± 0.37 mm long and 1.56 ± 0.11 mm wide. Larvae emerge by gently splitting the chorion along one of the longitudinal ridges, on the half closer to the micropyle. SEM, TEM and LSCM photographs showing ultrastructural details of the egg are shown for the first time. The micropylar rosette (c. 54 μm in diameter) has generally 14-17 cells; in its centre lies the micropylar pit (c. 6 μm in diameter) which bears 12-16 micropylar canal openings (= micropyles) around its periphery. The pathways followed by those canals through the chorion have been figured. Eggs sampled in the wild (so laid by several females) were found to have a slightly variable number of ridges: most bore seven ridges (68.87%), although a significant portion (30.46%) bore eight and 1 egg (0.67%) bore only six; this against the currently accepted rule of five-ridged eggs for Castniini (i.e. Neotropical castniids) to which Paysandisia archon belongs. It has also been found that the same female specimen has the capability of producing six-, seven- or eight-ridged
eggs. Five types of egg irregularities affecting the longitudinal ridges are also figured and described. Transverse striae on the egg of P. archon are about 122. Aeropyles (c. 4 μm in diameter) occur on the ridges, at the intersections between the latter and two contiguous (left and right of the ridge) transverse striae, amounting to c. 854 on a seven-ridged egg and to c. 976 on an eight-ridged egg. Ooccasionally minute aeropyles ('microaeropyles') (c. 1.96-3.13 μm in diameter) also occur on transverse striae located close to both egg poles.
The chorion of P. archon shows the typical ditrysian fine structure with very thin basal layer (C-1), 0.3-0.2 μm thick, gas-filled trabecular layer (C-2), c. 0.9 μm thick, and lamellar layer (C-3), its thickness varying between 18.5 and 13 μm due to the bumpy external surface of the chorion. Aeropylar canals, that penetrate layer C-3, connect the air-containing inner chorionic meshwork (the trabecular layer C-2) with the surrounding air; their outer part forms a big bulbous cavity (which opens to the outside through the small opening seen in external SEM images) and, underneath,
a narrow canal follows, leading into the trabecular layer (C-2).

Veterinary Record, Mar 1, 2005

Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is the main vector of bluetongue (BT) and African h... more Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is the main vector of bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) viruses in Europe. It was first reported to be present on mainland Europe in Spain in 1983 (Mellor and others 1983) and soon afterwards in Portugal (Mellor and others 1985), although it is probable that it had occurred in Iberia previously. In 1956 to 1960, a BT epizootic affected the Iberian Peninsula, with 1956 being particularly severe. Also, in 1966 and 1987 to 1990, two AHS epizootics were reported from this area; these were concentrated in south-west Iberia (Ortega and others 1998). In Portugal it was established that although most C imicola sites occurred south of 40°11 N, the midge seemed to spread northwards along the eastern border with Spain, with Salsas, at 41°38 N, being the most northern site (Capela and others 1993, 2003). Rawlings and others (1997) and Ortega and others (1998) established Talavera de la Reina (Toledo) on mainland Spain, at 40°N, as being the northernmost site for C imicola, with other sites concentrated in the south west of the country, and concluded that the midge occurred across almost the whole of south-west Iberia. This was consistent with the fact that all BT and AHS outbreaks had been reported from this area, and not from northern Portugal, where the midge had been found at fewer sites and in smaller numbers. In contrast, C imicola had not been found on the eastern side of Iberia, despite occasional sampling carried out in several localities within the province of Valencia in the 1970s by Ramos Ramis (1980), Sahuquillo Herraiz (1981), Garcia Sanchez (1983) and Sahuquillo Herraiz and Gil Collado (1986), and twice weekly sampling in six coastal areas throughout 1990 and 1991 at Aguadulce-Roquetas (Almeria), 16 m above sea level, Beniajan (Murcia), 45 m above sea level, Cullera (Valencia), 2 m above sea level, Amposta (Tarragona), 8 m above sea level, Viladecans (Barcelona), 17 m above sea level and Castello d’Empuries (Girona), 18 m above sea level (Sahuquillo Herraiz 1991; Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, unpublished data). The last three areas are in Catalonia, north-east Spain (Fig 1). During 2001 and 2002, sampling undertaken as a consequence of the BT epizootic in the Balearic Islands of Majorca and Menorca in 2000 (OIE 2000) demonstrated that for the first time, C imicola was present and abundant on these two islands (Miranda and others 2003). In this same period, eight traps were set again in coastal Catalonia in the provinces of Girona (two sites), Barcelona (four sites) and Tarragona (two sites) on farms stocked with either sheep or goats or both (Fig 2). This was part of INIA project 0T00-045C2. Sampling was carried out weekly throughout the year, including the winter months, but no C imicola were found in 2001. However, a single female C imicola was collected on August 8, 2002, at Dosrius (Barcelona) (Sarto i Monteys and Saiz-Ardanaz 2003). This was the first recording of C imicola in Catalonia and in eastern Iberia. No additional C imicola were found at any of the other seven sampling sites in Catalonia in 2002. Consequently, it was assumed that the female, which was heavily gravid, might have been carried by the wind from Majorca or Menorca, some 200 km offshore, where large populations were known to exist. Adult Culicoides can be carried on the wind for long distances, possibly up to 700 km (Sellers 1992). At the time, this finding in Catalonia was also the northernmost point where C imicola had been recorded on the eastern side of the Iberian peninsula (41°35 N), matching that of Salsas (Portugal) on the western side. During 2003, a surveillance programme aimed at detecting C imicola in coastal Catalonia was carried out supported by the Catalonian Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. Six of the eight trapping sites used in 2001 and 2002 were relocated further inland (Fig 3). The sites were located from just south of the Pyrenees (42°18 N 3°00 E) to just south of the Ebro river (40°40 N 0°27 E), irregularly spread along the 699 km of Catalonian coastline. Sampling was weekly, although it started on different dates for each site (Sarto i Monteys and others 2004), and there were occasional interruptions due to a lack of personnel and trap malfunctions. The number of nights throughout 2003 on which sampling Veterinary Record (2005) 156, 415-417

Ecological Economics, 2020

Invasive species are costly for human health, the environment and the economy while their burden ... more Invasive species are costly for human health, the environment and the economy while their burden is expected to rise. With limited budgets to address biological invasions, effective resource allocation is important. In the past decade, multiple frameworks have emerged to support this budgeting, but it is not clear if current strategies are consistent with these. Amongst invasive species, insects are the costliest. In this article we evaluate a set of conservation policies in response to the arrival of the invasive beetle, the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in Catalonia, Spain. The purpose of the selected schemes was to preserve palm species (Phoenix. spp) serving ornamental purposes. In a region with a large portion of land dedicated to agricultural activities and with densely populated coastal areas, budgets to address biological invasions should be carefully allocated. Through a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis based on the total economic value framework, we find that current policies were not justified as their net social benefits are negative.

Crop Protection, Mar 1, 2021

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Insects, May 9, 2018

In this paper, the invasion of a new alien beetle species to Europe, the longhorn Xylotrechus chi... more In this paper, the invasion of a new alien beetle species to Europe, the longhorn Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Cerambycidae), originating from East Asia, is revealed. It has settled in Catalonia (Spain), occupying at present an area of at least 44.1 km 2 , where it has been shown to severely infest (ca. 10 to 45%) and eventually kill mulberry trees in private and public grounds. The main objective of this study was to evaluate its impact and provide new significant insights into its life history, seasonality, reproductive capacity (females produce an average of 83.4 ± 9.02 eggs) and the type of damage produced to mulberries. Such damage was thoroughly described to facilitate inspection by others. At least in laboratory conditions, X. chinensis has not used common grape vines as an alternative hostplant. Both plants, mulberries and grape vines, are important in Catalonia and Spain, the former providing shade and ornament to many streets and avenues, and the latter having great economic significance in Mediterranean wine production areas. Possible control methods to hinder its spread are suggested and one local wasp, Stephanus serrator (Stephanidae), was identified as a likely parasitoid. We believe the risk of this beetle widely spreading in Europe is very real.

Nota lepidopterologica, 2002

ABSTRACT

Proceedings of The Entomological Society of Washington, Jul 1, 2009

Veterinary Record, 2006

BLUETONGUE (BT) is a disease caused by a virus of the genus Orbivirus that is mainly transmitted ... more BLUETONGUE (BT) is a disease caused by a virus of the genus Orbivirus that is mainly transmitted among vertebrate hosts by several species of biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) (Du Toit 1944, Mellor and Pitzolis 1979). BT virus (BTV) can replicate in all species of ruminants and causes severe disease in certain breeds of sheep and some species of deer (Taylor 1986, MacLachlan 1994). In Europe, the main vector for BTV is Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Mellor 1996), although species included within the Culicoides obsoletus group have been proposed as the probable vector of BTV in some European areas (Mellor and Wittmann 2002, Savini and others 2003, De Liberato and others 2005). Historically, BTV has made only brief, periodic incursions into Europe (Manso-Ribeiro and others 1957, Mellor and Pitzolis 1979, Jennings and others 1983). However, a large BT epidemic, which started in 1998, has affected many European countries, including several that had not previously experienced the virus, and is still ongoing in some areas. This extension of BTV into Europe appears to be partially linked to the recent northward expansion of C imicola across the Mediterranean European countries – an expansion that seems to be a consequence of recent changes in the European climate (Purse and others 2005). In Spain, during the last BT epidemic, BTV entered the Balearic Islands from eastern Europe in 2003. In late 2004, further incursions occurred from Morocco into south-west Spain, and in late 2005 BTV was spreading northwards in peninsular Spain. Previous studies suggested that the distribution of C imicola in Spain was mainly restricted to southwest peninsular Spain, and the Toledo province was thought to be the northernmost site for the species (Ortega and Holbroock 1994, Ortega and others 1997, 1998, Rawlings and others 1997). In the past five years, however, local surveys have reported, for the first time, the presence of C imicola in the Balearic Islands (Miranda and others 2003), in coastal areas of Catalonia (Sarto i Monteys and others 2003), in Madrid and in the eastern coastal provinces of Alicante and Murcia (Martinez 2004; F. Collantes, personal communication). A national surveillance programme aimed at estimating the spatial distribution of C imicola in Spain was carried out during 2004. The landmass of peninsular Spain was divided into 202 quadrats of 50 x 50 km; 100 evenly distributed quadrats were selected as sampling units, and within each sampling unit at least two livestock holdings or farms were sampled. In addition, seven farms were sampled in the Balearic Islands (three on Majorca, three on Minorca and one on Ibiza), five in the Canary Islands (two each on Tenerife and Fuerteventura and one on Gran Canaria), and one in the town of Ceuta, a Spanish town in northern Africa. Two samplings were carried out: one in spring/summer (April to June) and another in summer/autumn (September to November). Each farm was sampled for two consecutive nights. A 4 W UV light trap fitted with a suction fan (Miniature Blacklight model 1212; John Hock) was placed outside each selected farm but within 30 m of livestock, at between 1·7 and 2·5 m above ground level. The traps were lit from just before dusk until after dawn over both sampling days. Specimens of C imicola were identified on the basis of their wing pattern, as described by Rawlings (1996). In approximately one-quarter of the sampling units more than two farms were sampled; most extra samplings occurred during the summer/autumn period. In total, 364 farms were sampled; 229 during spring/summer and 292 in summer/ autumn; 159 of the farms were sampled in both periods. A total of 12,878 C imicola were trapped over the course of both sampling periods. The species was found on all the farms sampled in the Balearic Islands, with the exception of the one on Ibiza; however, it is known that C imicola is present on Ibiza, albeit in very low numbers (B. V. Purse, M. A. Miranda, personal communication). No C imicola were captured on the farm sampled in Ceuta, and the species was not detected in the Canary Islands. C imicola was found in all the provinces of peninsular Spain where it had previously been reported (Fig 1) except Sevilla, where it was not detected on any of the farms sampled. In addition, C imicola was found for the first time in nine other provinces, mainly located to the north and east of the previously defined distribution area of the species. The highest numbers of C imicola trapped in one sampling session of two consecutive nights in provinces where the species had previously been reported were in Malaga (6304 specimens), Huelva (973 specimens) and Jaen (348 specimens). Among the nine provinces where C imicola was recorded for the first time, the highest catches were in Albacete (480 specimens), Avila (194 specimens) and Granada (66 specimens). All of the sampling sessions with the highest catches occurred during the summer/autumn…

Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 1991

Boletín de sanidad vegetal. Plagas, 1991

Se confirma la presencia de una población establecida de Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaeni... more Se confirma la presencia de una población establecida de Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae) en la isla de Mallorca, hallándose abundante por toda ella y teniendo la larva como planta nutricia a geranios cultivados del género Pelargonium, de los que se ha convertido en grave plaga. La especie, procedente originariamente de Sudáfríca, resulta nueva para la fauna europea. V. SARTO i MONTEYS. Servei de Protecció deis Vegetáis. DARP Generalitat Cataluña. Comte d'Urgell, 187. 08036 Barcelona. A. MASÓ. Guitard, 49, 4.°, 2." 08014 Barcelona.

Journal of Medical Entomology, Nov 1, 2005

Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) and Culicoides scoticus Downes & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) ... more Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) and Culicoides scoticus Downes & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are sibling species of the Obsoletus group. This group comprises species of biting midges that are suspect vectors of bluetongue virus (family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus, BTV) and African horse sickness virus (family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus, AHSV). BTV and AHSV have been isolated several times from females of this group, although it has not been possible to determine the particular species harboring the virus, because of the inability to clearly identify the females of each species based on morphology. Both sexes of C. obsoletus and C. scoticus midges from Catalonia and the Balearics (Spain) were sequenced for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and these sequences were analyzed to determine intra-and interspeciÞc genetic variability. Species-speciÞc primers for C. obsoletus and C. scoticus were designed and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assay based on the COI gene and using a hemi-nested PCR technique was developed for reliably distinguishing the females of both species. The species-speciÞc PCR diagnostic was compared with morphological discrimination of C. obsoletus and C. scoticus females. The morphologic characters were not fully reliable.

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Earth-Science Reviews

Amber is fossilized resin that preserves biological remains in exceptional detail, study of which... more Amber is fossilized resin that preserves biological remains in exceptional detail, study of which has revolutionized understanding of past terrestrial organisms and habitats from the Early Cretaceous to the present day. Cretaceous amber outcrops are more abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and during an interval of about 54 million years, from the Barremian to the Campanian. The extensive resin production that generated this remarkable amber record may be attributed to the biology of coniferous resin producers, the growth of resiniferous forests in proximity to transitional sedimentary environments, and the dynamics of climate during the Cretaceous. Here we discuss the set of interrelated abiotic and biotic factors potentially involved in resin production during that time. We name this period of mass resin production by conifers during the late Mesozoic, fundamental as an archive of terrestrial life, the 'Cretaceous Resinous Interval' (CREI).

Zootaxa, 2021

Mexico is the Mesoamerican country with the highest number of Castniidae species (12), most of wh... more Mexico is the Mesoamerican country with the highest number of Castniidae species (12), most of which are found in the dry regions of the country. Among these, Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) was considered a species widely distributed in Mexico after Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) was synonymized with A. hechtiae over two decades ago. A genetic and morphological study, as well as details of the natural history of various populations of these two taxa have led us to restore Athis miastagma as a valid species (stat. rest.), increasing the number of castniids recorded in Mexico to 13.

Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ... more Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer namely composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data ‒ charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods‒ are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological...

Veterinaria italiana

Following the outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep on the Balearic islands in 2000, a su... more Following the outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep on the Balearic islands in 2000, a survey was conducted for Culicoides vectors along the eastern Catalonian cost of continental Spain where the presence of only C. obsoletus (Meigen) and C. pulicaris (Linnaeus) was known. Light-trap collections made at eight sites in 2002 yielded nine species of Culicoides, including C. imicola Kieffer (represented by a gravid female caught at Dosrius at a latitude of 41 degrees 35'N) and C. scoticus Downs and Kettle. The following season (2003), C. imicola was captured consistently at all sites and in greater numbers (maximum catch of 46) from August to November. The findings suggest that the distribution of C. imicola is extending northwards into Europe. The presence of four bluetongue vectors (C. imicola, C. obsoletus, C. pulicaris and C. scoticus) in Catalonia is of concern.

Systematics and Biodiversity, 2005

Veterinary Record, Mar 1, 2005

Ecological Economics, 2020

Crop Protection, Mar 1, 2021

Insects, May 9, 2018

Nota lepidopterologica, 2002

ABSTRACT

Proceedings of The Entomological Society of Washington, Jul 1, 2009

Veterinary Record, 2006

Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 1991

Boletín de sanidad vegetal. Plagas, 1991

Journal of Medical Entomology, Nov 1, 2005

Earth-Science Reviews

Zootaxa, 2021

Veterinaria italiana

Systematics and Biodiversity, 2005

PhD Thesis. A 31 months study (November 1977 through May 1980) of the lepidopteran family Noctuid... more PhD Thesis. A 31 months study (November 1977 through May 1980) of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae was carried out in the Montseny Massif, located 40 km north of Barcelona (Spain). An updated systematic catalogue of the Massif’s noctuid fauna was contributed resulting from all scattered records in the literature plus the own author’s findings. 297 noctuid species are recorded from the Massif, representing 42% of all iberobalearican noctuid fauna or 51% of all Catalonian noctuid fauna.

Collecting was done daily, including winter time, from dusk to dawn, using one modified Robinson mercury vapor light trap. The trap was set at an altitude of 710 m in the so-called Mediterranean montane evergreen oak forest, the most abundant habitat in the Massif, being evergreen oak, Quercus ilex, and chesnut, Castanea sativa, the dominant trees. A total of 17,919 noctuid specimens, belonging to 205 species, were collected in this habitat (including 61 new to the Massif fauna); for most of them seasonality graphs, distribution maps in Catalonia and/or Iberia, as well as many taxonomical/biological/ecological details were contributed.

Biogeographical analysis of the Massif’s noctuid fauna shows that 39.7% is Euroasiatic, 30.3% Mediterranean Asiatic, 19.2% Atlantic Mediterranean, 5.7% Cosmopolitan-Subtropical and 5.1% Holarctic. Because of its connection to the Pyrenees through the transverse Catalan range, the Massif becomes an even transition zone between ”mediterranean” and “continental” species, which contributes to its species richness and diversity.

Ecological diversity (Shannon-Weaver) indices, measured on a 10-days basis, are very high, over 3.5 bits, from June through September. During this same period the number of species on the wing is also the highest (over 45). Within this period maximum values for these two variables reach 5.18 bits and 72 species respectively.

The overall sex ratio for all 17,919 noctuid specimens collected was favourable to males (1.58:1 ). This ratio is not high compared to other lepidopteran families where males are much more attracted to light than females.

This book, sold out long ago, is an illustrated field guide of the insects of Catalonia and other... more This book, sold out long ago, is an illustrated field guide of the insects of Catalonia and other adjacent catalan-speaking areas. It forms part of a two-volume series, this one being # 1. The two volumes together describe 755 insect species, covering all insect orders.

This book, sold out long ago, is an illustrated field guide of the insects of Catalonia and other... more This book, sold out long ago, is an illustrated field guide of the insects of Catalonia and other adjacent catalan-speaking areas. It forms part of a two-volume series, this one being # 2. The two volumes together describe 755 insect species, covering all insect orders.

This volume gathers all scientific publications on European Lepidoptera issued either in Europe o... more This volume gathers all scientific publications on European Lepidoptera issued either in Europe or North America in 1991 and 1992. It includes 1888 references: 189 are books and 1699 are articles extracted from 267 Journals. A team of 29 recorders, 28 spread all over Europe and 1 in the USA gathered the data in their own countries and sent it to the SEL Bibliography headquarters for compiling the Bibliography.

Master's thesis. The adult food resources, ecology and ethology of 23 species of Nymphalidae butt... more Master's thesis. The adult food resources, ecology and ethology of 23 species of Nymphalidae butterflies occurring in a partially disturbed mediterranean forest close to the city of Barcelona are analyzed. Only late winter and spring populations are considered. This work constitutes a Graduate’s degree dissertation.

Order lepidoptera. A brief review of the main features for identification and an updated account ... more Order lepidoptera. A brief review of the main features for identification and an updated account of the number of species per family within the Portuguese-Spanish context, with examples and figures. Fully in Spanish.