Gilberto Velazquez | Universidad Autonoma de Cd. Juarez (original) (raw)

Papers by Gilberto Velazquez

El crecimiento urbano actualmente acarrea consigo la modificacion del contexto social y ambiental... more El crecimiento urbano actualmente acarrea consigo la modificacion del contexto social y ambiental a pasos acelerados, por lo que siendo Mexico un pais con un amplio gama de relieves, ecosistemas, biodiversidad y multicultural es necesario desarrollar un conjunto de medidas que se adecuen de manera especifica a cada territorio susceptible de alteracion y en su caso modificar las medidas ya adoptadas con el fin de perfeccionarse, a traves del conocimiento de la interrelacion entre el desarrollo de las zonas urbanas con el ambiente natural, con el proposito de lograr un aprovechamiento sustentable y masificar su potencial. Por ello la creacion de este estudio, donde se realiza el analisis de tres casos de estudios de diferentes caracteristicas morfologicas, climaticas y sociales, para realizar una comparativa y determinar que aspectos tienen un grado potencial de optimizacion. El estudio incluye variables e indicadores urbanos sustentables en terminos de integracion, ocupacion de suelo...

Ante la problematica que ha surgido en la mayoria de las ciudades en Mexico y gran parte del mund... more Ante la problematica que ha surgido en la mayoria de las ciudades en Mexico y gran parte del mundo en cuestion ambiental y social, es necesario el conocimiento de la estructura y funcion de los componentes sociales en relacion a los componentes naturales del sistema urbano, es asi que en este estudio se evalua el escenario proyectual o consolidado para proponer un plan estrategico de acciones de optimizacion y mejora en zonas urbano-residencial. El caso de estudio es el Sector Independencia, area consolidada dentro de la ciudad de Toluca, Estado de Mexico. Con base en la aplicacion de indicadores de sustentabilidad urbana en tanto instrumento de valoracion y prospectiva de orden cuantitativo y cualitativo del proceso urbanizador en el area de estudio, orientado a la gestion de modelos urbano-arquitectonicos sustentables desde una vision integral y sistemica.

Investigacion Y Ciencia Universidad Autonoma De Aguascalientes, 2014

The effects of climate change (CC) are already being observed worldwide. It is estimated that in ... more The effects of climate change (CC) are already being observed worldwide. It is estimated that in consequence of the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, an increase in temperature and greater variability of the precipitation affecting agriculture and food security may occur. Maize production may be diminished due to adverse effects of CC. This review study indicates that in most regions of the world, maize yield will be reduced by the end of the XXI century, under different scenarios GHG, mainly by increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. These adverse effects could be attenuated by constant improvement of agricultural technology and the adoption of effective adaptation measures.

IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014), 2014

In response to the environmental impact of climate change, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductio... more In response to the environmental impact of climate change, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductions has become a common global goal. This has led to policies and measures to meet GHG reduction targets at country levels without much success. Therefore, the assessment of the effects of energy is important for the promotion of public policies at local levels that can lead to actions on GHG reductions. LED street lighting is more expensive than traditional luminaries and its use remains limited. This study analyzes the technical, economic, environmental and social impacts of LED street lighting in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico and proposes changes of the street lighting municipal regulation to promote and ensure the adoption of this technology. The results of the study show that by upgrading the street lighting to LED a 64% of energy savings is achieved, which represents an environmental impact on GHG emissions avoided to the atmosphere of 33,192 tons of equivalent carbon dioxide (tC02e) per year. We propose that the monetary savings achieved using LED street lightning be used to improve the quality of life for population groups in areas of the city that are most at risk.

CULCyT: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica, 2008

RESUMEN El propósito del estudio fue la determinación del fenómeno de la Isla de Calor Urbano (IC... more RESUMEN El propósito del estudio fue la determinación del fenómeno de la Isla de Calor Urbano (ICU) en Ciudad Juárez. La metodología utilizada fue la comparación de la temperatura de una zona urbana con una semirural de la ciudad, a través del análisis del parámetro de temperatura. Esta medida se obtuvo de estaciones meteorológicas automatizadas y mediante el programa de cómputo WeatherLink. Se obtuvieron datos del parámetro de temperatura de cinco estaciones fijas de monitoreo y se elaboraron gráficas ...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016

This study examines a pathway for building urban climate change mitigation policies by presenting... more This study examines a pathway for building urban climate change mitigation policies by presenting a multi-dimensional and transdisciplinary approach in which technical, economic, environmental, social, and political dimensions interact. Now, more than ever, the gap between science and policymaking needs to be bridged; this will enable judicious choices to be made in regarding energy and climate change mitigation strategies, leading to positive social impacts, in particular for the populations at-risk at the local level. Through a case study in Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, we propose a multidimensional and transdisciplinary approach with the role of scientist as policy advisers to improve the role of science in decision-making on mitigation policies at the local level in Mexico.

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2015

To propose specific adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector based on vulnerability to cl... more To propose specific adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector based on vulnerability to climate variability and climate change at the local level, we built a vulnerability index using an indicator tool at a fine spatial scale. This index was applied as a case study in the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico, at the basic census area (BCA) level. We used a total of 37 variables organized into three groups with equal weighting: exposure (13), sensitivity (13), and adaptive capacity (11). From the 20 rural BCAs located in the study area, eight were categorized as having very low vulnerability; five had low vulnerability; two had medium vulnerability because of the lack of basic services (sewers, water, and electricity) and a high rural population density; three had high vulnerability due to a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5°C and the lack of basic services; and two had very high vulnerability, characterized by a high percentage of production units (PUs) with losses due to climate factors, a high rural population density, and a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5°C. Approximately 50 % of the municipal rural population lives in BCAs vulnerable to climate change. This methodology allowed us to identify the most susceptible agricultural areas at the local level and the variables that require more attention so that we can propose adaptation strategies and minimize vulnerability due to climate change.

Population and Environment, 2013

There are significant human impacts associated with climate change. This paper introduces a model... more There are significant human impacts associated with climate change. This paper introduces a model for identifying small area risks associated with children's vulnerability to climate change-related hazard exposures, which is transferable to other regions and adaptable to varied population and exposure scenarios. The cross-national El Paso-Ciudad Juárez (US-Mexico) metropolis serves as the study area for model implementation, which involves mapping social vulnerability, hazard exposure, and cumulative climate change-related risks. This study addresses two limitations of extant fine-scale climate change vulnerability mapping

research.utep.edu

This study generated an immediately useful risk communication protocol to inform the public of th... more This study generated an immediately useful risk communication protocol to inform the public of the health hazards of carbon monoxide poisoning from unvented heat sources. Using the mental models approach (Morgan et al. 2001), interviews with expert and non-expert community members were conducted to develop a model that identified knowledge gaps about CO poisoning between experts and lay people. These data were used to guide the development of a comic book style risk communication protocol that was developed using entertainment-education principles (Singhal & Rogers, 1999) and the opinion leadership elements used in diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 2003). This project provides a base in skills and experience for further research into communication protocols for a wide range of health and technological risks commonly found in the many peri-urban settlements of the border region, such as drinking water quality, fire safety, electrical safety, and asthma triggers.

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue la determinación de plumas de dispersión ... more RESUMEN El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue la determinación de plumas de dispersión de contaminantes atmosféricos, por derrames y/o fugas de sustancias químicas durante su transporte por vía férrea en la zona de centro Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.

cambioclimatico.cimav.edu.mx

… : Cultura Científica y …, Jan 1, 2010

La bioadsorción dinámica en columnas de lecho fijo con biomasas naturales ha adquirido gran impor... more La bioadsorción dinámica en columnas de lecho fijo con biomasas naturales ha adquirido gran importancia en la separación y recuperación de componentes de mezclas acuosas. Una etapa fundamental en el diseño de estos sistemas de separación es la modelación de la transferencia de masa. El presente trabajo fundamente ampliamente y muestra de manera detallada una metodología rápida para la solución numérica de las ecuaciones en derivadas parciales que describe el proceso de transferencia de masa y modelan el complejo proceso de bioadsorción del Cr(VI) mediante la aplicación de columnas de lecho fijo. La metodología descrita se basa en la transformación de las ecuaciones originales del tiempodominio en el dominio de Laplace, donde se lleva a cabo la integración numérica y posterior transformación inversa numérica de la solución final. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el modelo generado mediante esta técnica muestran una gran similitud con los resultados experimentales. Lo que valida la aplicación del modelo propuesto. Palabras clave: Modelación, transferencia de masa, bioadsorcion, Cr(VI), transformadas de Laplace Introducción Algunos suelos y aguas de ciertas zonas de la República Mexicana, principalmente localizadas en los estados de Guanajuato, Zacatecas y Chihuahua, se caracterizan por los altos niveles de cromo originados en las actividades mineras y algunas industrias tales como producción de acero, cemento y curtido de pieles. El uso de lodos de aguas negras o de fertilizantes con diferentes concentraciones del cromo, en algunas prácticas agronómicas, son otros de los factores contribuyentes a la contaminación ambiental por este metal. El cromo se encuentra presente en agua y suelo principalmente en dos formas de oxidación: Cr(III) o Cr(VI), pero también puede encontrarse como Culcyt//Modelado

International journal of …, Jan 1, 2008

This study assessed exposure to carbon monoxide from gas and wood heater emissions in a sample of... more This study assessed exposure to carbon monoxide from gas and wood heater emissions in a sample of 64 households in peri-urban residential areas in Ciudad Jua´rez, Chihuahua, Me´xico. Indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentrations and temperatures were monitored for a continuous period of 1 week at 1 and 6-min intervals, respectively. The moving average carbon monoxide concentrations were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for carbon monoxide. Sixty-seven percent of households with gas heaters and 60% of households with wood heaters exceeded a health-based standard at some point during the monitoring. The difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures was modestly correlated with average carbon monoxide exposure (r ¼ 0.35, p-value o0.01). Heater type may be a stronger determinant of exposure, as households with a particular heater model (the El Sol FM-210) were significantly more likely to be among the more highly exposed households (odds ratio of 4.8, p-value of 0.02). A variety of health effects were pooled and found at elevated frequency in the households that exceeded the 8-h standard of 9 ppm (odds ratio ¼ 5.1, p-value ¼ 0.031). These results highlight the need for further efforts to identify and mitigate potentially hazardous carbon monoxide exposures, particularly in moderate-income countries with cooler climates.

Journal of …, Jan 1, 2010

Entertainment-Education and CO Poisonings in Ciudad Juárez: A Case Study of El Asesino Invisible.