Essa Lwisa | UAE University (original) (raw)
Papers by Essa Lwisa
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2021
The Propellant Stimulation is applied to increase the permeability of rocks; a certain quantity o... more The Propellant Stimulation is applied to increase the permeability of rocks; a certain quantity of explosive material is donated at the bottom of the well opposite the producing layer, which causes many cracks in the near well area. A good Propellant Stimulation process must consider the explosive material quality and quantity, and the explosion should be prevented from vertically spread so all its energy will be used to crack the rocks. The first part of this chapter explains all the above in addition to the directed explosions and its calculation in an easy way. In the second part, I explained the Hydraulic Fracturing of the reservoir rocks in details, from principal elements of the process passing through cracking fluids, proppants, preparing the wells and ending with evaluating the effectiveness and discussing the methods of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is the process of pumping fluid into a wellbore at an injection rate that is too high for the formation to accept without breaking. During injection the resistance to flow in the formation increases, the pressure in the wellbore increases to a value called the breakdown pressure, that is the sum of the in-situ compressive stress and the strength of the formation. Once the formation "breaks down," a fracture is formed, and the injected fluid flows through it.
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research International Journal for Innovation Education , 2021
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are currently one of the top priorities of technological d... more Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are currently one of the top priorities of technological development in the oil industry owing to the increasing demand for oil and gas, which cannot be fulfilled by primary or secondary production methods. The main function of the enhanced oil recovery process is to displace oil in the production wells by the injection of different fluids to supplement the natural energy present in the reservoir. moreover these injecting fluids can alter the reservoir`s properties; for example they can lower the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water, alter the rocks` wettability, change the pH value, form emulsions aid in clay migration and reduce the oil viscosity. In this chapter, we will discuss the following methods of chemical enhanced oil recovery: polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkaline flooding and smart water flooding. In addition, we will review the merits and demerits of each method and conclude the chapter with our recommendations.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2023
Enhanced oil recovery has become an essential process in oil production due to the large amount o... more Enhanced oil recovery has become an essential process in oil production due to the large amount of oil that could not be produced by the primary and secondary oil recovery techniques and the increasing demand for oil. The main purpose of the enhanced oil recovery process is to transfer oil in the production wells by the flooding of different fluids to increase the natural energy present in the reservoir and alter the properties of reservoir's properties such as interfacial tension, rock wettability, oil and water viscosity, pH. Enhanced oil recovery may be divided into the following categories: Thermal methods, Miscible flooding, Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), Foam flooding, Gas injection, Plasma-pulse, and Chemical enhanced oil recovery. A process in which one or more pre-selected chemicals are mixed with water or brine and then flooded into the reservoir to increase the oil recovery factor further than water flooding levels is called chemical enhanced oil recovery (Chemical EOR). In this research the usage of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) had been studied as a surfactant to enhance the oil recovery in one of the United Arab Emirates tight carbonate reservoirs. SLS was mixed with various brines to optimize the brine concentration and SLS concentration in brine. Core rock samples were taken from a tight carbonate reservoir in United Arab Emirates, whereas Bu Hassa crude oil used to perform the flooding, IFT, and AMOTT experiments. It was found that (SLS) has a significant effect on the interfacial tension between crude oil and all types of brine used in this research, especially on the high saline formation brines, where the residual oil saturation was at the minimum. Hence using the proposed technique will save time, money, and the environment.
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2015
The effect of injection brine salinity on the displacement efficiency of low water salinity flood... more The effect of injection brine salinity on the displacement efficiency of low water salinity flooding was investigated using sea water at 35,000 ppm, and two field injection waters, namely, Um-Eradhuma (UER) at 171,585 ppm and simsima (SIM) at 243,155 ppm. The salinity of the employed waters was varied from original salinity to 1,000 ppm and used in the displacement of oil in selected core samples. The results of this set of experiments revealed that UER salinity of 5,000 ppm is the optimum system for the candidate reservoir. UER original water and its optimum water were then used in this project as the high and low salinity waters in the CO 2 -WAG flooding experiments. Displacement efficiencies were evaluated under three injection modes: carbon dioxide WAG miscible flooding (CO 2 -WAG, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2), continuous CO 2 injection, and waterflood. The WAG performance parameters, such as secondary and tertiary displacement efficiencies, CO 2 flood utilization factor, and CO 2 performance during different WAG flood cycles were determined. To insure miscibility condition between the injected gas and the employed oil, all of the flooding experiments were conducted at 3,200 psia (which is 300 psia above the minimum miscibility pressure of CO 2 and used oil) and 250°F. Experimental results indicated that core length is a critical parameter in determining the optimum WAG process, and that a minimum core length of 29 cm is required to insure the generation of miscibility before breakthrough in CO2-WAG flooding experiments. On the other hand, core length had no effect on the performance of the low salinity flooding experiments. Using single core flooding low salinity CO 2 -WAG of 1:2 flooding produced an improvement in the displacement efficiency of 29 % over the high salinity system. Also, composite core flooding experiments showed that the high salinity CO 2 -2:1 WAG achieved a displacement efficiency of 98 %. These results indicate that achieving miscibility at the reservoir conditions is the dominant mechanism and that low salinity will have no major effect on the displacement efficiency of CO 2 -Miscible WAG flooding. Results also indicate that oil recovery during different CO2-WAG cycles is a function of WAG ratios.
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2021
The Propellant Stimulation is applied to increase the permeability of rocks; a certain quantity o... more The Propellant Stimulation is applied to increase the permeability of rocks; a certain quantity of explosive material is donated at the bottom of the well opposite the producing layer, which causes many cracks in the near well area. A good Propellant Stimulation process must consider the explosive material quality and quantity, and the explosion should be prevented from vertically spread so all its energy will be used to crack the rocks. The first part of this chapter explains all the above in addition to the directed explosions and its calculation in an easy way. In the second part, I explained the Hydraulic Fracturing of the reservoir rocks in details, from principal elements of the process passing through cracking fluids, proppants, preparing the wells and ending with evaluating the effectiveness and discussing the methods of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is the process of pumping fluid into a wellbore at an injection rate that is too high for the formation to accept without breaking. During injection the resistance to flow in the formation increases, the pressure in the wellbore increases to a value called the breakdown pressure, that is the sum of the in-situ compressive stress and the strength of the formation. Once the formation "breaks down," a fracture is formed, and the injected fluid flows through it.
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research International Journal for Innovation Education , 2021
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are currently one of the top priorities of technological d... more Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are currently one of the top priorities of technological development in the oil industry owing to the increasing demand for oil and gas, which cannot be fulfilled by primary or secondary production methods. The main function of the enhanced oil recovery process is to displace oil in the production wells by the injection of different fluids to supplement the natural energy present in the reservoir. moreover these injecting fluids can alter the reservoir`s properties; for example they can lower the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water, alter the rocks` wettability, change the pH value, form emulsions aid in clay migration and reduce the oil viscosity. In this chapter, we will discuss the following methods of chemical enhanced oil recovery: polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkaline flooding and smart water flooding. In addition, we will review the merits and demerits of each method and conclude the chapter with our recommendations.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2023
Enhanced oil recovery has become an essential process in oil production due to the large amount o... more Enhanced oil recovery has become an essential process in oil production due to the large amount of oil that could not be produced by the primary and secondary oil recovery techniques and the increasing demand for oil. The main purpose of the enhanced oil recovery process is to transfer oil in the production wells by the flooding of different fluids to increase the natural energy present in the reservoir and alter the properties of reservoir's properties such as interfacial tension, rock wettability, oil and water viscosity, pH. Enhanced oil recovery may be divided into the following categories: Thermal methods, Miscible flooding, Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), Foam flooding, Gas injection, Plasma-pulse, and Chemical enhanced oil recovery. A process in which one or more pre-selected chemicals are mixed with water or brine and then flooded into the reservoir to increase the oil recovery factor further than water flooding levels is called chemical enhanced oil recovery (Chemical EOR). In this research the usage of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) had been studied as a surfactant to enhance the oil recovery in one of the United Arab Emirates tight carbonate reservoirs. SLS was mixed with various brines to optimize the brine concentration and SLS concentration in brine. Core rock samples were taken from a tight carbonate reservoir in United Arab Emirates, whereas Bu Hassa crude oil used to perform the flooding, IFT, and AMOTT experiments. It was found that (SLS) has a significant effect on the interfacial tension between crude oil and all types of brine used in this research, especially on the high saline formation brines, where the residual oil saturation was at the minimum. Hence using the proposed technique will save time, money, and the environment.
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2015
The effect of injection brine salinity on the displacement efficiency of low water salinity flood... more The effect of injection brine salinity on the displacement efficiency of low water salinity flooding was investigated using sea water at 35,000 ppm, and two field injection waters, namely, Um-Eradhuma (UER) at 171,585 ppm and simsima (SIM) at 243,155 ppm. The salinity of the employed waters was varied from original salinity to 1,000 ppm and used in the displacement of oil in selected core samples. The results of this set of experiments revealed that UER salinity of 5,000 ppm is the optimum system for the candidate reservoir. UER original water and its optimum water were then used in this project as the high and low salinity waters in the CO 2 -WAG flooding experiments. Displacement efficiencies were evaluated under three injection modes: carbon dioxide WAG miscible flooding (CO 2 -WAG, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2), continuous CO 2 injection, and waterflood. The WAG performance parameters, such as secondary and tertiary displacement efficiencies, CO 2 flood utilization factor, and CO 2 performance during different WAG flood cycles were determined. To insure miscibility condition between the injected gas and the employed oil, all of the flooding experiments were conducted at 3,200 psia (which is 300 psia above the minimum miscibility pressure of CO 2 and used oil) and 250°F. Experimental results indicated that core length is a critical parameter in determining the optimum WAG process, and that a minimum core length of 29 cm is required to insure the generation of miscibility before breakthrough in CO2-WAG flooding experiments. On the other hand, core length had no effect on the performance of the low salinity flooding experiments. Using single core flooding low salinity CO 2 -WAG of 1:2 flooding produced an improvement in the displacement efficiency of 29 % over the high salinity system. Also, composite core flooding experiments showed that the high salinity CO 2 -2:1 WAG achieved a displacement efficiency of 98 %. These results indicate that achieving miscibility at the reservoir conditions is the dominant mechanism and that low salinity will have no major effect on the displacement efficiency of CO 2 -Miscible WAG flooding. Results also indicate that oil recovery during different CO2-WAG cycles is a function of WAG ratios.