Fernando Estirado | Universidad de Alcalá (original) (raw)
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Institute of Archaeology of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences
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Papers by Fernando Estirado
Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, 2013
Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1495 whose main building was the "Colegio M... more Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1495 whose main building was the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso". This building has undergone many transformations and changes throughout the history since its construction in early sixteenth century. A recent restoration of the building has allowed the identification of up to five constructive phases (Barluenga et al. 2012). The first one begins with the construction of the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso" between 1501 and 1508 under the direction of the architect Pedro de Gumiel. The second phase refers to the construction of the main façade of the building, between 1537 and 1553, whose works were undertaken by the master Rodrigo Gil de Ontañón. A clock tower was later added to the south wall between 1599 and 1615 which is the third constructive phase. At the beginning the clock tower was ordered to Juan de Ballesteros. However, several building troubles make Juan de Ballesteros left the work, which was finally ended by Juan García Atienza. An important element of the building is the courtyard known as "Patio de Santo Tomás" which was originally made of bricks, even though bricks were later covered with granite during the construction of the cloister that can be nowadays seen. The cloister was built between 1656 and 1670 by José de Sopeña and constitutes the fourth constructive phase. At late eighteenth century the University of Alcalá entered a period of decadence which ended with its move to Madrid in 1836. After some years, the building was occupied from 1850 by the army. The late phase identified is the period comprised from 1865 to 1868 in which the "Patio de Santo Tomás" was reconditioned. The modern University of Alcalá was created in 1977 and, from then, the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso" was recovered for academic use. The building is a masterpiece of the Spanish Renaissance. Along with the rest of the historic city of Alcalá de Henares, in 1998 it was declared World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.
This paper studies, from a multidisciplinary point of view, the Saint Ildephonse's College, t... more This paper studies, from a multidisciplinary point of view, the Saint Ildephonse's College, the first building of the University of Alcalá founded by Cardinal Cisneros in 1495 and declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998. The study integrated a photogrammetric survey of the walls, a morphological analysis of the materials, including their characterization, a metric analysis of the constructive elements and an architectural explanation of the construction chronology. The aim of the study was to identify the different stages of the building's evolution, supported by objective information, to understand the sequence of changes suffered by the building and to formulate a feasible hypothesis of the initial configuration of the patio. During the last restoration of the College, carried out in 2011-2012, the modern coats were completely removed and several previous layers of the walls built during the last 500 years, came out to light. This made possible to take samples direc...
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
Brick masonry identification in a complex historic building, the Main College h i g h l i g h t s
Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, 2013
Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1495 whose main building was the "Colegio M... more Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1495 whose main building was the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso". This building has undergone many transformations and changes throughout the history since its construction in early sixteenth century. A recent restoration of the building has allowed the identification of up to five constructive phases (Barluenga et al. 2012). The first one begins with the construction of the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso" between 1501 and 1508 under the direction of the architect Pedro de Gumiel. The second phase refers to the construction of the main façade of the building, between 1537 and 1553, whose works were undertaken by the master Rodrigo Gil de Ontañón. A clock tower was later added to the south wall between 1599 and 1615 which is the third constructive phase. At the beginning the clock tower was ordered to Juan de Ballesteros. However, several building troubles make Juan de Ballesteros left the work, which was finally ended by Juan García Atienza. An important element of the building is the courtyard known as "Patio de Santo Tomás" which was originally made of bricks, even though bricks were later covered with granite during the construction of the cloister that can be nowadays seen. The cloister was built between 1656 and 1670 by José de Sopeña and constitutes the fourth constructive phase. At late eighteenth century the University of Alcalá entered a period of decadence which ended with its move to Madrid in 1836. After some years, the building was occupied from 1850 by the army. The late phase identified is the period comprised from 1865 to 1868 in which the "Patio de Santo Tomás" was reconditioned. The modern University of Alcalá was created in 1977 and, from then, the "Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso" was recovered for academic use. The building is a masterpiece of the Spanish Renaissance. Along with the rest of the historic city of Alcalá de Henares, in 1998 it was declared World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.
This paper studies, from a multidisciplinary point of view, the Saint Ildephonse's College, t... more This paper studies, from a multidisciplinary point of view, the Saint Ildephonse's College, the first building of the University of Alcalá founded by Cardinal Cisneros in 1495 and declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998. The study integrated a photogrammetric survey of the walls, a morphological analysis of the materials, including their characterization, a metric analysis of the constructive elements and an architectural explanation of the construction chronology. The aim of the study was to identify the different stages of the building's evolution, supported by objective information, to understand the sequence of changes suffered by the building and to formulate a feasible hypothesis of the initial configuration of the patio. During the last restoration of the College, carried out in 2011-2012, the modern coats were completely removed and several previous layers of the walls built during the last 500 years, came out to light. This made possible to take samples direc...
Construction and Building Materials, 2014
Brick masonry identification in a complex historic building, the Main College h i g h l i g h t s