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Papers by María Sandín Vázquez
Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project cond... more Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project conducted in two districts with different socioeconomic status.
The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two rel... more The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights
two relevant facts regarding alcohol consumption: an increase in binge drinking in teenagers
and a reduction/reversal of the gender gap, particularly at young ages. This article aims to describe
some of the factors related to alcohol use in teenagers, especially those related to gender and risk
perception. A qualitative study was designed with semi-structured interviews and a discussion group
with students from the city of Madrid aged 14 to 18 years. A descriptive analysis of the content of the
replies of 28 teenagers was conducted. The results show that alcohol consumption has an identity
component, both in terms of transition to adulthood and gender role performance. Consumption is
also associated with risks, especially those determined by gender inequality, which teenagers learn to
manage as a means of survival in nightlife. Preventive campaigns typically lack a gender perspective
and a focus on risk prevention. To reduce the prevalence of consumption and associated risks, these
strategies need to be reformulated with a gender perspective.
Dentro de la comunidad de personas migrantes en Colombia, las familias con uno o más hijos o hija... more Dentro de la comunidad de personas migrantes en Colombia, las familias con uno o más hijos o hijas con diagnóstico de trastornos del neurodesarrollo presentan una probabilidad más alta de experimentar una imbricación de condiciones de desigualdad en al menos cuatro niveles: por ser migrantes, por vivir en condiciones socioeconómicas de riesgo, por su diagnóstico y por ser niños o niñas. Este texto presenta el análisis de las inequidades sociales en salud percibidas por una familia de personas inmigrante con hijos con diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) y Trastorno del Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) en su trayectoria de vida pre y post migración de Venezuela a Colombia, entre los años 2015 y 2020. A través del uso de una metodología cualitativa con enfoque biográfico, se identificaron las narrativas familiares acerca de las inequidades y condiciones sociales y de salud, y su experiencia de migración. Se concluye que su trayectoria ha estado marcada por experiencias de inequidad en salud, debido a los riesgos socioeconómicos y la pérdida de derechos legales y políticos que garanticen la prestación de servicios de salud, educación y condiciones básicas de bienestar psicosocial para toda la familia.
Objective: This study aims to describe the accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco ... more Objective: This study aims to describe the accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco around secondary schools in Madrid and its distribution in relation with area-level socioeconomic deprivation; analyze the relationship between this exposure and individual consumption characteristics of students between 14 and 18 years old; and explore other facilitators of this consumption. Method: Mixed-methods study conducted in three phases: 1) we collected data on accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco in the environment using systematic social observation around 55 secondary schools; 2) we administered 2287 questionnaires among the students in these centers to gather information about characteristics and determinants of consumption; and 3) we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews and one discussion group to deepen in the results obtained in surveys and systematic social observation. We will use Geographic Information Systems to integrate and analyze the data from a spatial perspective.
The place where we live, work and play may influence our alcohol drinking behaviours. This study ... more The place where we live, work and play may influence our alcohol drinking behaviours. This study aimed to present local policy recommendations on urban determinants for alcohol consumption prevention in a lowincome and a high-income area of Madrid (Spain) using a participatory action research method, with photovoice and nominal group techniques. Participants (n = 26) engaged in a photovoice project initiated a process of critical reflection by discussing and analysing their alcohol environment based on photographs they took themselves. At the end of six week group discussion sessions, participants identified 33 themes related to their alcohol environment. They later met to translate the final categories into urban policy recommendations using a logical framework approach. Then, with a nominal group, they prioritized these recommendations based on time, impact, feasibility, and cost. Finally, participants produced a total of 61 policy recommendations for the improvement of the alcohol environment, highlighting the need for researcher-community collaborations when designing public health interventions.
This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascu... more This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors by socioeconomic position from 2001 to 2020 in Spain; 2) explore public health professionals' perspectives regarding interventions that might have impacted these inequities; and 3) analyze determinants on social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors. First, we will measure the change in absolute and relative social inequities in eight cardiovascular risk factors through time trend analysis using repeated cross-sectional data from both National and European Health Surveys for Spain from 2001 to 2020. Second, we will interview key informants-both at the regional and national level-, to contextualize data obtained in phase 1 and capture the content and variation of policies across regions. Third, we will use econometric methods to analyze how these identified interventions have impacted these social inequities within and across regions.
Current Diabetes Reviews, 2011
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two rel... more The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two relevant facts regarding alcohol consumption: an increase in binge drinking in teenagers and a reduction/reversal of the gender gap, particularly at young ages. This article aims to describe some of the factors related to alcohol use in teenagers, especially those related to gender and risk perception. A qualitative study was designed with semi-structured interviews and a discussion group with students from the city of Madrid aged 14 to 18 years. A descriptive analysis of the content of the replies of 28 teenagers was conducted. The results show that alcohol consumption has an identity component, both in terms of transition to adulthood and gender role performance. Consumption is also associated with risks, especially those determined by gender inequality, which teenagers learn to manage as a means of survival in nightlife. Preventive campaigns typically lack a gender perspective and a focu...
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2011
During the last decade there have been significant socio-demographic changes in Spain with potent... more During the last decade there have been significant socio-demographic changes in Spain with potential impact on gestational length. The aim of the study was to describe the evolution of gestational age during 1997-2008, separately for native-born and immigrant population, in order to assess their contribution to the overall pattern of gestational length. A cross-sectional study of 5,018,229 singleton births born between 1997 and 2008 was carried out. The annual mean of gestational age was calculated and compared by means of ANOVA test, globally and also separately for natives and immigrants. Proportions of deliveries by gestational age and maternal characteristics were calculated in 4 periods and compared by means of Chi-square tests. Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were fitted separately for native-born and immigrant women. Our results show that in the last 12 years a progressive shortening in the mean gestational age has taken place in Spain. While the overall decrease of gestational length along the period was 1.5 days, closer to that in Spanish women (1.1 days), it was 2.3 days among immigrants. In both groups this shortening was mainly due to an increase in the proportion of 37-39 weeks deliveries at the expense of a substantial decrease in those with 40 weeks. These trends remained after controlling for known confounding variables such as maternal age, parity and occupation. Further analysis of its causes and public health implications are recommended.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011
ABSTRACT Background Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects men and women differently, and it nee... more ABSTRACT Background Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects men and women differently, and it needs to be determined whether these differences are due to expression of disparate sex-linked risks and/or related to gender inequalities. The aim of this paper is to summarise the studies presenting gender inequalities regarding the prevalence, incidence, complications and mortality in T2DM.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic review in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database and Elsevier database. The search was refined to those diabetes articles that were published between January 1999 and December 2009 in English or Spanish. We included those articles that had among their objectives to discuss three main themes: «prevalence and incidence», «control and complications» and «mortality».ResultsOf the 22 articles, 6 found significant differences in prevalence, 8 in the control and the complications, and 8 with respect to mortality. Most of the articles did not differentiate between the effects attributable to biological factors linked to the sex and those attributable to gender-related factors.Conclusions Although there are different health outcomes between men and women with T2DM, gender inequalities are not sufficiently explained in the articles in which there are significant sex differences. To understand the causes of these differences, indicators that incorporate gender perspectives should be included in studies.
learning is a learning strategy that involves students in designing, planning and evaluating proj... more learning is a learning strategy that involves students in designing, planning and evaluating projects with a real application be- yond the classroom setting, an methodology that is consistent with the new approach of learning competencies. Objective. This paper presents how project-based learning has been adapted to the practical part of the subject "Environmental Toxicology and Public Health", which belongs to the Environmental Sciences Degree Programme at the University of Alcala. Methods. We report the development of the contents and activities, as well as the students' assessment of the teach- ing-learning process. Results. Students value learning through this methodology very positively. Conclusions. Project-based learning has a great number of positive effects such as connecting learning with the real world, increasing motivation, promoting an interdisciplinary approach, and ac- quiring generic skills.
Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project cond... more Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project conducted in two districts with different socioeconomic status.
The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two rel... more The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights
two relevant facts regarding alcohol consumption: an increase in binge drinking in teenagers
and a reduction/reversal of the gender gap, particularly at young ages. This article aims to describe
some of the factors related to alcohol use in teenagers, especially those related to gender and risk
perception. A qualitative study was designed with semi-structured interviews and a discussion group
with students from the city of Madrid aged 14 to 18 years. A descriptive analysis of the content of the
replies of 28 teenagers was conducted. The results show that alcohol consumption has an identity
component, both in terms of transition to adulthood and gender role performance. Consumption is
also associated with risks, especially those determined by gender inequality, which teenagers learn to
manage as a means of survival in nightlife. Preventive campaigns typically lack a gender perspective
and a focus on risk prevention. To reduce the prevalence of consumption and associated risks, these
strategies need to be reformulated with a gender perspective.
Dentro de la comunidad de personas migrantes en Colombia, las familias con uno o más hijos o hija... more Dentro de la comunidad de personas migrantes en Colombia, las familias con uno o más hijos o hijas con diagnóstico de trastornos del neurodesarrollo presentan una probabilidad más alta de experimentar una imbricación de condiciones de desigualdad en al menos cuatro niveles: por ser migrantes, por vivir en condiciones socioeconómicas de riesgo, por su diagnóstico y por ser niños o niñas. Este texto presenta el análisis de las inequidades sociales en salud percibidas por una familia de personas inmigrante con hijos con diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) y Trastorno del Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) en su trayectoria de vida pre y post migración de Venezuela a Colombia, entre los años 2015 y 2020. A través del uso de una metodología cualitativa con enfoque biográfico, se identificaron las narrativas familiares acerca de las inequidades y condiciones sociales y de salud, y su experiencia de migración. Se concluye que su trayectoria ha estado marcada por experiencias de inequidad en salud, debido a los riesgos socioeconómicos y la pérdida de derechos legales y políticos que garanticen la prestación de servicios de salud, educación y condiciones básicas de bienestar psicosocial para toda la familia.
Objective: This study aims to describe the accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco ... more Objective: This study aims to describe the accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco around secondary schools in Madrid and its distribution in relation with area-level socioeconomic deprivation; analyze the relationship between this exposure and individual consumption characteristics of students between 14 and 18 years old; and explore other facilitators of this consumption. Method: Mixed-methods study conducted in three phases: 1) we collected data on accessibility to and promotion of alcohol and tobacco in the environment using systematic social observation around 55 secondary schools; 2) we administered 2287 questionnaires among the students in these centers to gather information about characteristics and determinants of consumption; and 3) we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews and one discussion group to deepen in the results obtained in surveys and systematic social observation. We will use Geographic Information Systems to integrate and analyze the data from a spatial perspective.
The place where we live, work and play may influence our alcohol drinking behaviours. This study ... more The place where we live, work and play may influence our alcohol drinking behaviours. This study aimed to present local policy recommendations on urban determinants for alcohol consumption prevention in a lowincome and a high-income area of Madrid (Spain) using a participatory action research method, with photovoice and nominal group techniques. Participants (n = 26) engaged in a photovoice project initiated a process of critical reflection by discussing and analysing their alcohol environment based on photographs they took themselves. At the end of six week group discussion sessions, participants identified 33 themes related to their alcohol environment. They later met to translate the final categories into urban policy recommendations using a logical framework approach. Then, with a nominal group, they prioritized these recommendations based on time, impact, feasibility, and cost. Finally, participants produced a total of 61 policy recommendations for the improvement of the alcohol environment, highlighting the need for researcher-community collaborations when designing public health interventions.
This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascu... more This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors by socioeconomic position from 2001 to 2020 in Spain; 2) explore public health professionals' perspectives regarding interventions that might have impacted these inequities; and 3) analyze determinants on social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors. First, we will measure the change in absolute and relative social inequities in eight cardiovascular risk factors through time trend analysis using repeated cross-sectional data from both National and European Health Surveys for Spain from 2001 to 2020. Second, we will interview key informants-both at the regional and national level-, to contextualize data obtained in phase 1 and capture the content and variation of policies across regions. Third, we will use econometric methods to analyze how these identified interventions have impacted these social inequities within and across regions.
Current Diabetes Reviews, 2011
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two rel... more The epidemiological information available in Spain and the Community of Madrid highlights two relevant facts regarding alcohol consumption: an increase in binge drinking in teenagers and a reduction/reversal of the gender gap, particularly at young ages. This article aims to describe some of the factors related to alcohol use in teenagers, especially those related to gender and risk perception. A qualitative study was designed with semi-structured interviews and a discussion group with students from the city of Madrid aged 14 to 18 years. A descriptive analysis of the content of the replies of 28 teenagers was conducted. The results show that alcohol consumption has an identity component, both in terms of transition to adulthood and gender role performance. Consumption is also associated with risks, especially those determined by gender inequality, which teenagers learn to manage as a means of survival in nightlife. Preventive campaigns typically lack a gender perspective and a focu...
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2011
During the last decade there have been significant socio-demographic changes in Spain with potent... more During the last decade there have been significant socio-demographic changes in Spain with potential impact on gestational length. The aim of the study was to describe the evolution of gestational age during 1997-2008, separately for native-born and immigrant population, in order to assess their contribution to the overall pattern of gestational length. A cross-sectional study of 5,018,229 singleton births born between 1997 and 2008 was carried out. The annual mean of gestational age was calculated and compared by means of ANOVA test, globally and also separately for natives and immigrants. Proportions of deliveries by gestational age and maternal characteristics were calculated in 4 periods and compared by means of Chi-square tests. Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were fitted separately for native-born and immigrant women. Our results show that in the last 12 years a progressive shortening in the mean gestational age has taken place in Spain. While the overall decrease of gestational length along the period was 1.5 days, closer to that in Spanish women (1.1 days), it was 2.3 days among immigrants. In both groups this shortening was mainly due to an increase in the proportion of 37-39 weeks deliveries at the expense of a substantial decrease in those with 40 weeks. These trends remained after controlling for known confounding variables such as maternal age, parity and occupation. Further analysis of its causes and public health implications are recommended.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011
ABSTRACT Background Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects men and women differently, and it nee... more ABSTRACT Background Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects men and women differently, and it needs to be determined whether these differences are due to expression of disparate sex-linked risks and/or related to gender inequalities. The aim of this paper is to summarise the studies presenting gender inequalities regarding the prevalence, incidence, complications and mortality in T2DM.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic review in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database and Elsevier database. The search was refined to those diabetes articles that were published between January 1999 and December 2009 in English or Spanish. We included those articles that had among their objectives to discuss three main themes: «prevalence and incidence», «control and complications» and «mortality».ResultsOf the 22 articles, 6 found significant differences in prevalence, 8 in the control and the complications, and 8 with respect to mortality. Most of the articles did not differentiate between the effects attributable to biological factors linked to the sex and those attributable to gender-related factors.Conclusions Although there are different health outcomes between men and women with T2DM, gender inequalities are not sufficiently explained in the articles in which there are significant sex differences. To understand the causes of these differences, indicators that incorporate gender perspectives should be included in studies.
learning is a learning strategy that involves students in designing, planning and evaluating proj... more learning is a learning strategy that involves students in designing, planning and evaluating projects with a real application be- yond the classroom setting, an methodology that is consistent with the new approach of learning competencies. Objective. This paper presents how project-based learning has been adapted to the practical part of the subject "Environmental Toxicology and Public Health", which belongs to the Environmental Sciences Degree Programme at the University of Alcala. Methods. We report the development of the contents and activities, as well as the students' assessment of the teach- ing-learning process. Results. Students value learning through this methodology very positively. Conclusions. Project-based learning has a great number of positive effects such as connecting learning with the real world, increasing motivation, promoting an interdisciplinary approach, and ac- quiring generic skills.