Oluyemi Akinloye | University of Alberta (original) (raw)

Papers by Oluyemi Akinloye

Medical Research Archives

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer in the Nigerian male population, similar to ot... more Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer in the Nigerian male population, similar to other black populations. It is postulated that exposure to endogenous or environmental steroids prompts prostatic mediated changes via steroid receptors as well as a decrease in the androgen/estrogen ratio and aging. Thereby contributing to prostatic carcinogenesis and disease progression. This study is aimed to determine the plasma levels of testosterone, 17β-estradiol as well as the pattern of expression of steroid receptors in subjects with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and controls. Study participants are made up of a total of 195 consented volunteers consisting of 65 Prostate cancer (PCa) and 65 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment naïve participants and 65 apparently healthy subjects as controls. Anthropometric data were measured using standard methods and biochemical parameters determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene expression is q...

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Comparison of the 24 h and 48 h effects of extracts of Olax subscorpio... more Additional file 1: Fig S1. Comparison of the 24 h and 48 h effects of extracts of Olax subscorpioidea (OS) and Uvaria chamae (UC) on the viability of HeLa cells (n = 3).

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009

IntroductIon Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of several patho logies. objEct... more IntroductIon Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of several patho logies. objEctIvEs The study was designed to investigate the levels of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in relation to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in blood of Nigerian prostate cancer (PCa) patients. PAtIEnts And mEthods One hundred twenty PCa patients were assigned to 3 groups; group 1 (low grade) with a PSA level of 5-10 ng/ml (n = 33), group 2 (medium grade) with PSA of 11-20 ng/ml (n = 45) and group 3 (high grade) with PSA >20 ng/ml (n = 42). The co+ntrol group comprised 50 healthy subjects with PSA <3.0 ng/ml. rEsuLts Subjects with a PSA level of 11-20 ng/ml and PSA >20 ng/ml had significantly lower uric acid and reduced glutathione levels (p <0.05). A significant reduction (p <0.05) in plasma vitamin C and E levels was observed in these patients. The levels of vitamins C and E decreased by 27% and 77% in subjects with PSA >20 ng/ml, and by 25% and 47% in subjects with a PSA level of 11-20 ng/ml, respectively. Serum total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and LPO were significantly (p <0.05) elevated in subjects with PSA >11 ng/ml. More specifically, total bilirubin, ALP and LPO levels were elevated by 75%, 66% and 107% in subjects with PSA at 11-20 ng/ml, and by 167%, 105%, 98% in subjects with PSA ≥20 ng/ml, respectively. Moreover, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were lower (p <0.05) in all cancer patients. concLusIons The results confirmed the depletion of antioxidants in PCa patients, and an inverse relationship between antioxidants and PSA values in this group.

Biological Trace Element Research, 2019

The catalytic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) is responsible for its application... more The catalytic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) is responsible for its application as an antitumor agent. This activity may be due to its ability to switch between III and IVoxidation states thereby conferring pro-and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective potential of CeO2NPs in male BALB/c mice administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Thirtysix mice were divided equally into six groups and treated intraperitoneally with normal saline (control), DEN (200 mg/kg) alone, CeO2NPs 1 (100 μg/kg) + DEN (200 mg/kg), CeO2NPs 2 (200 μg/kg) + DEN (200 mg/kg), CeO2NPs 1 alone, and CeO2NPs 2 alone. Animals were pretreated with CeO2NPs daily for eight consecutive days, while DEN was administered 48 h before the animals were sacrificed. Administration of DEN caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and urea by 51% and 96%, respectively. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and inflammation (nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase) in hepatic tissues of DEN-treated mice were increased by 60%, 16%, and 38%, respectively. The activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and level of reduced glutathione were significantly decreased in DENtreated mice by 50%, 123%, 23%, 419%, and 78%, respectively. In addition, DEN increased the expression of hepatic Bcl 2 and COX-2, while p53, Bax, and iNOS were mildly expressed. Pretreatment with CeO2NPs attenuated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of Bcl 2 and COX-2. Overall, CeO2NPs confers protection from DEN-induced liver damage via antioxidative activity.

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2019

Multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus infections continue to account for excess mortality in hospit... more Multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus infections continue to account for excess mortality in hospital and community settings and constitute a rising global health problem. However, data on the efficacy and mechanism of actions of alternative solutions like silver nanoparticles in developing countries are lacking. This study investigated antistaphylococcal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against local strains from Nigeria. A total 119 clinical isolates of S. aureus from five Nigerian laboratories categorized as MRSA (n = 52) and MSSA (n = 67) by PCR were studied. The MIC of AgNP produced by chemical reduction method and characterized by surface plasmon resonance absorbance and size equivalence by scanning electron microscopy was determined by microbroth dilution method. Its effect on protease activity and plasmids were also investigated. Baseline characteristics of the isolates revealed MDR phenotype of the isolates, carriage of diverse plasmids (15-32 kb) among the MDR MSSA, and mean extracellular protease activity of 24.8-55.7 U/mL. The chemically synthesized AgNP had a peak absorbance at 400 nm with a size equivalence of 4.58 nm. The MICs of AgNP against the isolates were 4.7 μg/mL and 4.9 μg/mL, respectively, for MRSA and MSSA (P > 0.05). The bactericidal effect of AgNP at 2.5-5 μg/mL on the MSSA and MRSA isolates was observed at 2.7-5.5 h post exposure in vitro. Further analysis revealed plasmid eviction in the MDR MSSA isolates exposed to 5 μg/mL AgNP and dose-dependent reduction in extracellular protease activity by 84.6-93.1%. Hemolysis of human erythrocytes by AgNP was not observed at the MIC range. Conclusion: This study revealed safety and efficacy of AgNP against clinical MDR S. aureus isolates from Nigeria, using plasmid eviction and protease inhibition as mechanisms of action.

Annals of Global Health, 2016

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2013

This study was designed to determine the effects of the concomitant administration of kolaviron (... more This study was designed to determine the effects of the concomitant administration of kolaviron (Garcinia kola extract) with lead on male fertility by evaluating some spermogram and histopathology of the testis. 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The rats in group O (negative control) were given normal saline, while rats in group A were given 6 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate (positive control) for a period of 2 weeks. Rats in groups B and C (test groups) were given 6 mg/kg body weight of lead and with concomitant administration of 200 mg/kg body weight of the kolaviron extract once daily for a period of 7 and 14 days, respectively. The histopathological analysis revealed distorted morphological alterations of sperm cells, as well as deleterious effects on the seminiferous tubules, with degeneration of interstitial spaces and narrowing of lumen in the lead exposed groups compared to normal architecture in control group. Sperm cell motility was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in animals exposed to lead and kolaviron extract compared to the control group. The kolaviron extract does not prevent further damage of the testes for the period of two weeks. It rather showed worsening effects when compared with Group A which received lead only for 2 weeks. These are indications of interference with maturation stage of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. We concluded that extract (kolaviron) of G. kola do not prevent the toxic effect of Pb on the seminiferous tubular cells but rather worsen the toxic effect after we 2weeks duration of administration. Herbal preparation of G. kola should therefore be used cautiously in both man and animal. The possibility of the plant as an anti-fertility drug in man without toxic agents should be carefully explored.

African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2009

Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2011

Occurrence of different viruses in acute respiratory tract infections of Nigerian children was ex... more Occurrence of different viruses in acute respiratory tract infections of Nigerian children was examined. Respiratory swabs were collected from 246 children referred to hospital clinics because of acute respiratory symptoms from February through May 2009. Validated real-time RT-PCR techniques revealed nucleic acids of at least one virus group in 189 specimens (77%). Human rhinoviruses and parainfluenza viruses were present each in one third of the children. Adenoviruses, enteroviruses, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and influenza C virus were also relatively common. Possibly due to their seasonal occurrence, influenza A and B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected rarely. We conclude that all major groups of respiratory tract viruses are causing illness in Nigerian children.

Andrology-Open Access, 2012

This study is a decade review of requests pattern for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), in a Niger... more This study is a decade review of requests pattern for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), in a Nigerian tertiary health care. All plasma samples for PSA from January 2002-December 2011 were analysed weekly by immunoradiometric assay method. Biodata from request form were collated and analyzed. A total of 15079 requests were received for the period under review. There was a consistent and progressive yearly increase of request from inception to the last year of review but a sudden drop in 2010 only. Smoked or barbecued food, consumption of local herb and alcohol in order of importance, respectively, appears to be prominent factor in patient requested for PSA. There was an increasing trend in the proportion of requests with values outside the reference range over the years in review. This is consistent with previous report of increasing incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria. Certain indigenous and tradition modifiable lifestyle especially, alcoholic, positive history of native herbs and smoked food consumption may play an important role in addition to underlying genetics and other previously implicated risk factor of prostate cancer in Nigeria.

International Journal of Women's Health, 2011

Infertility has recently been construed to be a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This probl... more Infertility has recently been construed to be a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This problem seems to be viewed as of low priority with reference to the effective and efficient allocation of available health resources by national governments as well as by international donors sponsoring either research or service delivery in the public health sector. In this paper the problem of infertility in Nigeria is surveyed with a view to assessing the ethical dimension of proposals to manage infertility as a public sector priority in health care delivery. The population/individual and public/private distinction in the formulation of health policy has ethical implications that cannot simply be ignored and are therefore engaged in critically assessing the problem of infertility. Cost-utility analysis (such as Quality Adjusted Life-Year composite index) in the management of infertility in Nigeria entails the need for caution relevant to the country's efforts to achieve Millennium Development Goals. This should remain the case whether the ethical evaluation appeals to utilitarian or contractarian (Rawlsian) principles. The "worst off " category of Nigerians includes (1) underweight children less than 5 years of age, with special concern for infants (0-1 years of age) and (2) the proportion of the population below a minimum level of dietary consumption. The Rawlsian ethic implies that any Federal Ministry of Health policy aimed at establishing public programs for infertility management can be considered a "fair" allocation and expenditure if, and only if, the situation for these two cohorts is not thereby made worse. Nigerian health policy cannot assume this type of increased allocation of its resources to infertility care without it being hard pressed to warrant defensible moral or rational argument.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2007

High avidity (titer higher than 53% which is indicative of immunity) 2. Low avidity (titer lower ... more High avidity (titer higher than 53% which is indicative of immunity) 2. Low avidity (titer lower than 53% which is indicative of susceptibility) Neonates born from susceptible women were tested for rubella-specific IgM in cord blood sera. Results: Out of 325 women, 3 were excluded because they were not actually pregnant and the outcomes of conception were known only for 235 of the 322 pregnancies. Two-hundred-five (87.2%) had high avidity and 30 (12.8%) had a low avidity titer. The outcome of pregnancy in the two groups is depicted in the graph. Discussion: In this study rubella vaccination did not increase the rate of still birth, congenital malformation and abortions in rubella susceptible vaccinated mothers as compared to immune mothers. There was also no significant difference in still birth, congenital malformation and abortions between non-vaccinated and vaccinated pregnant women.

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal

Background. Genetic factors have been implicated in Achilles Tendinopathy (AT) and the response t... more Background. Genetic factors have been implicated in Achilles Tendinopathy (AT) and the response to different management strategies in Caucasian populations. To account for racial differences, this study investigated the ABO blood group disposition to AT and effects on selected physiotherapy interventions in Nigerian footballers. Methods. Participants included 56 footballers made up of 28 confirmed cases of AT and 28 matched controls. Royal London Hospital test and ultrasonography were used to screen for AT. Demographic data as well as outcome variables were determined at baseline. ABO blood grouping was done by conventional serotyping. Participants with AT were randomized into three groups and managed for eight weeks using Intrasound Therapy, Therapeutic Ultrasound and Eccentric Exercises. The outcome variables of the three physiotherapy approaches in the different ABO groups were assessed and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 at the end of eight weeks. Results. Blood group O responded significantly in all outcome parameters (p < 0.05) regardless of the modality used. Blood group A had the highest OR of 3.000 (p = 0.051) while blood group B had the lowest OR of 0.625 (p = 0.758). However, all the treatment strategies were effective in the management of AT. Conclusions. The differential treatment outcomes according to ABO blood group in footballers suffering from AT may help in the development of treatment algorithms. Study registration. South African Medical Research Council (PACTR201909524416162).

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coron... more Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted heavily on global health. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the current diagnostic method, challenges for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) necessitate cheaper, higher-throughput, reliable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Objective: We reviewed the documented performance characteristics of available COVID-19 RDTs to understand their public health utility in the ongoing pandemic, especially in resourcescarce LMIC settings. Methods: Using a scoping review methodology framework, common literature databases and documentary reports were searched up to 22 April 2020, irrespective of geographical location. The search terms included 'SARS-CoV-2 AND serological testing' and 'COVID-19 AND serological testing'. Results: A total of 18 RDTs produced in eight countries, namely China (6; 33.33%), the United States (4; 22.22%), Germany (2; 11.11%), Singapore (2; 11.11%), Canada, Kenya, Korea and Belgium (1 each; 5.56%), were evaluated. Reported sensitivity ranged from 18.4% to 100% (average = 84.7%), whereas specificity ranged from 90.6% to 100% (average = 95.6%). The testing time ranged from 2 min to 30 min. Of the 12 validated RDTs, the IgM/IgG duo kit with non-colloidal gold labelling system was reported to elicit the highest sensitivity (98%-100%) and specificity (98%-99% for IgG and 96%-99% for IgM). Conclusion: We found reports of high sensitivity and specificity among the developed RDTs that could complement RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, especially for screening in LMICs. However, it is necessary to validate these kits locally.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Background Uvaria chamae (UC) and Olax subscorpioidea (OS) roots are included in traditional anti... more Background Uvaria chamae (UC) and Olax subscorpioidea (OS) roots are included in traditional anti-cancer remedies and some studies have identified their chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic potential. This study aimed to identify some cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying such potential and the associated chemical constituents. Methods Effect on the viability of cancer cells was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay; ability to modulate oxidative stress was assessed using the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay; potential to modulate Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor like-2 (Nrf2) activity was assessed in the AREc32 luciferase reporter cell line; and anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide release model in the RAW264.7 cells (Griess Assay). Chemical constituents were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results Extracts up to 100 μg/ml were non-toxic or mildly toxic to HeLa, AREc32, PC3 an...