T. Heidrick | University of Alberta (original) (raw)

Papers by T. Heidrick

In other words

Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Ph... more Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (PDPA) cannot provide accurate mass flux measurements in a highly turbulent multiphase spray due to the presence of non-spherical and multiple droplets in the probe volume. A combined measurement of momentum data from the impulse probe and velocity data from the PDPA provides a fairly reasonable estimate of mass flux data in the two phase spray envelope. Experimental results show that mass flux at 60D n (Dn= nozzle diameter of 3.10 mm) downstream of a horizontal nozzle tip is 0.033 kg/s, 0.034 kg/s and 0.0005 kg/s obtained from the theoretical value, impulse probe method and PDPA technique, respectively. This study will help answer some of the fundamental questions about the mass flux distribution in the two phase dense spray, which will aid in the improvement of the multiphase atomization design process in industrial applications.

Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Ph... more Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (PDPA) cannot provide accurate mass flux measurements in a highly turbulent multiphase spray due to the presence of non-spherical and multiple droplets in the probe volume. A combined measurement of momentum data from the impulse probe and velocity data from the PDPA provides a fairly reasonable estimate of mass flux data in the two phase spray envelope. Experimental results show that mass flux at 60Dn (Dn = nozzle diameter of 3.10 mm) downstream of a horizontal nozzle tip is 0.033 kg/s, 0.034 kg/s and 0.0005 kg/s obtained from the theoretical value, impulse probe method and PDPA technique, respectively. This study will help answer some of the fundamental questions about the mass flux distribution in the two phase dense spray, which will aid in the improvement of the multiphase atomization design process in industrial applications.

International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2012

The effervescent atomization from an industrial Coker feed nozzle is compared for two different g... more The effervescent atomization from an industrial Coker feed nozzle is compared for two different gas densities (air and mixed gas of 81.4 vol.% helium/18.6 vol.% nitrogen) at equivalent operating temperatures. The application is to observe the similarity of lab tests using air at 20°C to the industrial process using steam at 300-400°C. The effects of operating conditions, such as gas to liquid mass ratio, mixing pressure and void fraction on the flow regime, bubble size, and droplet size distribution were also examined in this study. The experiments were performed using mixtures of water with air or mixed gas, which resulted in gas to liquid mass ratios ranging from 1% to 4%. Stroboscopic back scattered imagery (SBSI) indicates that the average bubble size inside the nozzle conduit is similar when air and water are used as the process fluids, when compared to the case when mixed gas and water are used as the process fluids. Under similar conditions, the Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (PDPA) data indicate that the droplet size in the spray is similar when using either mixed gas or air as the atomization gas. Experimental results obtained by high-speed video shadowgraphy (HSVS) indicate that the flow pattern inside the nozzle feeding conduit was slug flow with a tendency to attain annular flow with increased air to liquid mass ratios. Thus, from the experimental results it is evident that the smaller molecular weight of the mixed gas versus air (8.4 versus 29) does not significantly reduce the bubble (<±10% difference) and droplet size (<±1.5% difference), indicating a weak dependence of the gas phase density on two-phase atomization. This confirms that laboratory experiments on effervescent nozzles using air have reliable similarity to systems that use high temperature steam for the gas phase.

Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1985

Abstract: Gas assisted atomization is becoming increasingly important in many industrial applicat... more Abstract: Gas assisted atomization is becoming increasingly important in many industrial applications such as physical, chemical and petroleum processes. In order to achieve proper atomization it is crucial to have proper mixing of gas (air) and liquid (water) in the feeding conduit before it enters into the nozzle. The flow regime, as well as the flow pattern and structure of the flow, are some of the important parameters that describe two-phase gas/liquid flows, and identify two-phase gas/liquid flow regimes. It is also desirable to know under what conditions there is a transition among the different flow regimes (dispersed, stratified, annular, annular-dispersed, slug, wavy-slug, mist-annular). Due to the existence of relative movement in the interfaces and variable interactions between two phases, two-phase gas/liquid flow is a complex transport phenomenon compared to single-phase flow. Still, there is no effective technique to identify the two-phase gas/liquid flow regimes and ...

The present conference discusses the visualization of longitudinal vortices in curved rectangular... more The present conference discusses the visualization of longitudinal vortices in curved rectangular channel flow of high aspect ratio, the use of the dye-layer technique in unsteady flow visualization, unsteady flow surveys conducted by means of movie sequences, holographic techniques for multiphase flow visualization, and holographic interferometry of converging cylindrical shock wave stability. Also discussed are color/temperature calibrations for temperature-sensitive tracer particles, photochromic flow visualization in one- and two-phase flows, the interaction of liquid droplets and liquid bubbles with shock waves, computer-aided flow visualizations of dye swells, and similarity criteria for scaling snow/wind interaction phenomena by means of water flumes and wind tunnels.

This book presents the papers given at a conference on unsteady flow. Topics considered at the co... more This book presents the papers given at a conference on unsteady flow. Topics considered at the conference included the identification of pulsation induced orifice metering errors including gage line shift, electromagnetic flowmeters, mass flow measurements on the flue of a woodburning stove, fluid excitation forces acting on a tube array, and a numerical analysis of pulsating laminar flow through a pipe orifice.

An investigation of how changes to the feeding conduit of a gas-liquid spray nozzle can widen the... more An investigation of how changes to the feeding conduit of a gas-liquid spray nozzle can widen the stable operating regime is presented in this work. The concept is based on maintaining a thorough mixing of the two phases, resulting in a more homogeneous flow pattern entering the nozzle. The modification consists of a series of abrupt changes in the inner diameter of the feeding pipe. This alternative is experimentally compared with the standard conduit in terms of their eÆect on the spray stability. A full-scale testing system was used with water and air as fluids. The range of flow conditions considered was 76–182 kg/min of water and 1–3 kg/min of air, which corresponds to 0.55–3.96 % of air to liquid mass ratio. The stability was indirectly assessed through the analysis of the pipe wall pressure fluctuations. Specifically, a criterion was established based on the area beneath the power spectral density of the pressure fluctuation signal, for frequencies below 40 Hz. This value inc...

Due to the existence of relative movement in the interfaces and variable interactions between two... more Due to the existence of relative movement in the interfaces and variable interactions between two phases, two-phase two-component flow is a complex transport phenomenon compared to single-phase flow. Still there is no effective technique to identify the two-phase two-component flow regimes and it is even difficult to capture the accurate flow structures in the smaller conduits in turbulent flow cases. Lack of solid and comprehensive theories for predicting and calculating the pressure and void fraction variations in two-phase gas/liquid flow situations has left engineers without essential information for proper design of two-phase systems. This review is an effort to explore the state of the present advanced measurement techniques in this field of research. Subsequently some of the advanced photonics and pressure measurement techniques and correlations for identification of two-phase two-component flows, bubble sizes and droplet profiles are investigated.

SPE California Regional Meeting, 1985

... sweep ef-ficiency,and oil/steamratio. In thesa runs steam was injecte6tiiroiightha bstts=wate... more ... sweep ef-ficiency,and oil/steamratio. In thesa runs steam was injecte6tiiroiightha bstts=water zone until the oil sand layer above it was hot enough to have mobila bitumenas well ss eufficiant injectivity. After that, for the case ...

Organic Geochemistry, 2002

The Central Sumatra Basin (CSB) is a prolific petroleum-producing basin and its petroleum systems... more The Central Sumatra Basin (CSB) is a prolific petroleum-producing basin and its petroleum systems have been extensively studied. The widely occurring Tertiary lacustrine shale, Brown Shale, has long been recognized as the main source rock for tens of billions of barrels of oil in place. The oils produced from different fields display significant variation in source characteristics that have been attributed to variation in source facies. Despite this generalized recognition of the oil source, the links between major oil accumulations and many possible source kitchens throughout the basin have not been established as detailed oil-source correlation, and oil migration routes are not well defined. For continued exploration in the region, detailed genetic grouping and migration routes of the oils were evaluated through geochemical characterization of numerous oils from various fields in the northern part of Central Sumatra. Biomarker and carbon isotopic data indicate that the oils are quite similar geochemically but form several genetic groups on the basis of subtle but persistent differences in source facies. The groupings appear geographically meaningful and show association of the different oil groups with various troughs. Carbazole distributions show consistency in suggesting differences in relative migration distance among the oils within each genetic group. By combining the oil grouping and carbazole distributions with geological data, models of migration directions and pathways for oils in North Central Sumatra have been constructed. #

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1978

At temperatures above the (01+ p)/p transformation temperature for zirconium alloys, steam reacts... more At temperatures above the (01+ p)/p transformation temperature for zirconium alloys, steam reacts with P-ZI to form a superficial layer of zirconium oxide (Z102) and an intermediate layer of oxygen-stabilized a-ZI. Reaction kinetics and the rate of growth of the combined (Z102 + (Y-ZI) layer for Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 oxidation in steam were measured over the temperature range 1050-1850°C. The reaction rates for both alloys were similar, obeyed parabolic kinetics and were not limited by gas phase diffusion. The parabolic rate constants were consistently less than those given by the Baker and Just correlation for zirconium oxidation in steam. A discontinuity was found in the temperature dependence of both the reaction rate and the rate of growth of the combined (ZrOz + or-ZI) layer. The discontinuity is attributed to a change in the oxide microstructure at the discontinuity temperature, an observation which is consistent with the zirconium-oxygen phase diagram.

Solvents may be injected into a formation once communication has been achieved between injection ... more Solvents may be injected into a formation once communication has been achieved between injection and production wells to increase the size of the communication path. However, the solvent disperses into the formation and bitumen flows into the communication path increasing the viscosity of the flowing phase. As a result, it can occur that no solvent ever appears at the producing

In other words

Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Ph... more Mass flux and void fraction measurement in a multiphase dense spray is a challenging task. The Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (PDPA) cannot provide accurate mass flux measurements in a highly turbulent multiphase spray due to the presence of non-spherical and multiple droplets in the probe volume. A combined measurement of momentum data from the impulse probe and velocity data from the PDPA provides a fairly reasonable estimate of mass flux data in the two phase spray envelope. Experimental results show that mass flux at 60Dn (Dn = nozzle diameter of 3.10 mm) downstream of a horizontal nozzle tip is 0.033 kg/s, 0.034 kg/s and 0.0005 kg/s obtained from the theoretical value, impulse probe method and PDPA technique, respectively. This study will help answer some of the fundamental questions about the mass flux distribution in the two phase dense spray, which will aid in the improvement of the multiphase atomization design process in industrial applications.

International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2012

Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1985

SPE California Regional Meeting, 1985

Organic Geochemistry, 2002

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1978