Ediguer Franco | Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (original) (raw)
Papers by Ediguer Franco
Sensors
This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultra... more This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultrasonic monitoring of the water content of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Experimental measurements, with water volume fractions from 0 to 0.48 and test temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, were carried out using ultrasonic measurement devices operating in transmission–reception and backscattering modes. The results show the phase slope depends on the water volume fraction and, to a lesser extent, on the size of the emulsion droplets, leading to a stable behavior over time. Conversely, the behavior of the phase slope as a function of the volume fraction is monotonic with low dispersion. Fitting a power function to the experimental data provides calibration curves that can be used to determine the water content with percentage relative error up to 70% for a water volume fraction of 0.06, but less than 10% for water volume fractions greater than 0.06. Furthermore, the methodology works ov...
2021 IEEE UFFC Latin America Ultrasonics Symposium (LAUS)
This work deals with the development of an ultrasonic backscattering sensor for the monitoring of... more This work deals with the development of an ultrasonic backscattering sensor for the monitoring of water-in-oil emulsion. The sensor consists of a 3.5-MHz ultrasonic transducer, working in pulse-echo mode, and an array of cylindrical obstacles located in the near field. Information from the backscattering signals was extracted by two processing methods: cross-correlation and wave energy. It was studied the sensitivity of the sensor and the time stability of the emulsions at three temperatures and volume water concentration from 0% to 50%. Cross-correlation and wave energy showed dependence on concentration. However, the wave energy showed little dependence on temperature. For water content monitoring, it was observed a measurement feasibility for concentrations below 20% with the cross-correlation methods and over all the measured range of water concentrations with the wave energy methods. On the other hand, the sensor allows the measurement of the propagation velocity in the emulsion with good accuracy and in a practical way.
2021 IEEE UFFC Latin America Ultrasonics Symposium (LAUS), 2021
This work reports the experiments carried out with an adjustable measuring cell for ultrasonic ch... more This work reports the experiments carried out with an adjustable measuring cell for ultrasonic characterization of water-in-crude oil emulsions. The cell prototype was designed to allow adjustments to be made to the position of the solid delay lines to avoid the overlapping echoes. The tests performed used a 0.5-MHz transducer in pulse-echo mode and emulsions with water contents ranging from 0 to 30% by volume. The echoes reflected at the interfaces of the delay lines were acquired immediately after finishing the emulsification process. Using a stirring and a peristaltic pump the flow conditions were simulated. The characterization of each emulsion was made from the reference echoes acquired in the initial experiment with an air sample. All measurements were performed at the same temperature. The results show that this technique is useful to differentiate the water-oil emulsions with water content up to 30%.
Machines, 2021
This work deals with a transmission-reception ultrasonic technique for the real-time estimation o... more This work deals with a transmission-reception ultrasonic technique for the real-time estimation of the water content in water-in-crude oil emulsions. The working principle is the measurement of the propagation velocity, using two in-house manufactured transducers designed for water coupling, with a central frequency of about 3 MHz. Water-in-crude oil emulsions with a water volume concentration from 0% to 40% were generated by mechanical emulsification. Tests were carried out at three temperatures. The results showed that the propagation velocity is a sensitive parameter that is able to determine the water content, allowing for differentiating the concentrations of up to 40% of water. The main motivation is the development of techniques for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of the water content of emulsions in petrochemical processes.
This work presents a cell to measure the liquid dynamic viscosity using an ultrasonic wave mode c... more This work presents a cell to measure the liquid dynamic viscosity using an ultrasonic wave mode conversion from longitudinal to shear wave and vice-versa. A prototype-measuring cell was constructed to test the proposed method. Measurements of the viscosity of automotive oils (SAE 90 and SAE140) were obtained in the frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz. These results are also compared with the Maxwell model with two relaxation times, showing the dependency of dynamic viscosity with the frequency of the shear wave. The experimental data are in good agreement with those provided by the Maxwell model.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016
Acoustic vortex (AV) beams generation is a subject of current interest. Even though different app... more Acoustic vortex (AV) beams generation is a subject of current interest. Even though different applications have been proposed using AV, their potential of use is still to be explored. Recent research works on particle manipulation use phased array systems for AV generation because it allows a flexible beam configuration, i.e., the beam can be easily focalized and modified in its shape. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that the AV can also be electronically steered. In view of this, this work presents a study of the steering capability of an AV. In particular, this paper gives an analysis of the effect of the applied delay law on the structure of AV beams steered at different angles using an array transducer of 32 equidistant elements, deployed on a triangular lattice, operating at 40 kHz. Special attention is paid to the appearance of grating vortices. The effect of the individual element directivity on the resultant beam is also studied. Experimental measurements were carried out in order to validate numerical estimations. Obtained results paves the way for the use of electronically steered vortices in different applications. Also, the potential of use of acoustic grating vortices is discussed. V
pmr.poli.usp.br
Page 1. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de EngenhariaMecatrônica e de S... more Page 1. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de EngenhariaMecatrônica e de Sistemas Mecânicos ... Page 2. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de Engenharia Mecatrônica e de Sistemas Mecânicos ...
Este trabajo explora el uso de la tecnologia CUDA en la solucion de problemas relacionados con la... more Este trabajo explora el uso de la tecnologia CUDA en la solucion de problemas relacionados con la dinamica de fluidos. Tres problemas clasicos de diferente nivel de complejidad: conveccion-difusion en un canal, la cavidad movida por pared y la cavidad movida por diferencia de temperatura, fueron solucionados por el metodo de las diferencias finitas, usando la CPU (procesador) y la GPU (tarjeta de video) para comparar el desempeno. Algunos aspectos importantes vinculados con la implementacion numerica en la GPU son discutidos. Asi mismo, los resultados mostraron un importante aumento de la velocidad cuando se uso la GPU.
This work presents a GPU algorithm to calculate the acoustic field generated by a circular ultras... more This work presents a GPU algorithm to calculate the acoustic field generated by a circular ultrasonic transducer radiating in water a continuous wave. The acoustic pressure in a space point in front of the transducer is calculated by Rayleigh integral, which uses the Huygens principle to compose the field as the sum of contributions from an infinite number of point sources. Because the pressure at each spatial point can be calculated independently, the solution algorithm can run in parallel, taking advantage of the GPU cores. Some experiments were performed in a frequency range from 0.25 to 5.0 MHz. The radiating surface was discretized in order to have a fixed number of elemental areas per wavelength. Results showed the validity of the acoustic fields simulated. In addition, a performance analysis showed that the GPU was 50 times faster than CPU for the most demanding problems. Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo implementado em GPU, para calcular o campo acústico produzid...
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021
This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-... more This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-in-petroleum emulsions. The sensor consists of a commercial ultrasonic transducer with an array of cylindrical scatterers placed in the near field. The scatterers are thin metal bars arranged in rows in front of the transducer. The backscattering signals were analyzed by calculating the wave energy and by a cross-correlation between signal segments; they were also used to determine the propagation velocity in the emulsions. The tests performed used emulsions with water volume concentrations from 0% to 50%. The results showed that both the signal energy and propagation velocity strongly depended on the concentration of water in the emulsion. Therefore, the ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor can be used for on-line and real-time monitoring of the water content in water-in-crude-oil emulsions.
The determination of the complex reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-li... more The determination of the complex reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid interface is a technique employed for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of liquids. An interesting property of the measurement technique is the very small penetration depth of the shear-waves into the liquid sample, which permits measurements with liquid films of some micrometers thick. This property, along with the adhesion of oily substances to surfaces, can be used for the detection of oily contaminants in water. In this work, the employment of the ultrasonic shear-wave reflection technique to the detection of oily contaminants in water is proposed and the theoretical and experimental concepts involved are discussed. Preliminary experimental results show the measurement technique can detect SAE 40 automotive oil in water in volume proportions less than 0.5%.
The elastic mechanical behavior of elastic materials is modeled by a pair of independent constant... more The elastic mechanical behavior of elastic materials is modeled by a pair of independent constants (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s coefficient). A precise measurement for both constants is necessary in some applications, such as the quality control of mechanical elements and standard materials used for the calibration of some equipment. Ultrasonic techniques have been used because wave velocity depends on the elastic properties of the propagation medium. The ultrasonic test shows better repeatability and accuracy than the tensile and indentation test. In this work, the theoretical and experimental aspects related to the ultrasonic through-transmission technique for the characterization of elastic solids is presented. Furthermore, an amorphous material and some polycrystalline materials were tested. Results have shown an excellent repeatability and numerical errors that are less than 3% in high-purity samples.
The measurement of the reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid inter... more The measurement of the reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid interface is a technique employed for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of liquids. An interesting property of the measurement technique is the very small penetration depth of the shear-waves into the liquid sample, that permits measurements with liquid films of some micrometers thick. This property, besides the well known tendency of oily substances to stick to the surfaces, can be used for the detection of oily contaminants in water. In this work, the employment of the ultrasonic shear-wave reflection technique to the detection of oily contaminants in water is proposed and the theoretical and experimental concepts involved are discussed. Preliminary experimental results show the measurement technique can detect SAE 40 automotive oil in water in volume proportions less than 0.5%.
If an acoustic wave impinges on an interface between two media with an oblique incidence, and if ... more If an acoustic wave impinges on an interface between two media with an oblique incidence, and if one of these media is a solid, in general, a complicated phenomenon occurs, that is referred to as mode conversion from longitudinal wave to shear wave, and viceversa, for the reflected and transmitted waves. The relations between the reflected and transmitted waves and the incident wave, defined in terms of amplitude and intensity, depend on the characteristic acoustic impedances of the media, the angles of incidence and the types of the incident wave (longitudinal or shear wave). The determination of these relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients, can be made by using the transmissionline models for waves in fluids and isotropic solids. In solids, this resolution takes into account the continuity of stresses and the particle velocity at the interface, and can be difficult to solve. This work presents a simple form of the system of equations to calculate the reflection ...
Resumen es: En este trabajo se presenta una implementacion de la tecnica de op - timizacion topol... more Resumen es: En este trabajo se presenta una implementacion de la tecnica de op - timizacion topologica (OT) aplicada al diseno de elementos estructurales mecanico...
DYNA
Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is requ... more Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is required. Aeronautic, naval and automotive industries use these materials to reduce the weight of the vehicles and, consequently, fuel consumption. However, the fiber-reinforced laminated materials are anisotropic and the elastic properties can vary widely due to non-standardized manufacturing processes. The elastic characterization using mechanical tests is not easy, destructive and, in most cases, not all the elastic constants can be obtained. Therefore, alternative techniques are required to assure the quality of the mechanical parts and the evaluation of new materials. In this work, the implementation of the ultrasonic through-transmission technique and the characterization of some engineering materials is reported. Isotropic materials and laminated composites of carbon fiber and glass fiber in a polymer matrix were characterized by ultrasound and mechanical tests. An improved methodolog...
Sensors
This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultra... more This work proposes the slope of the phase spectrum as a signal processing parameter for the ultrasonic monitoring of the water content of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Experimental measurements, with water volume fractions from 0 to 0.48 and test temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, were carried out using ultrasonic measurement devices operating in transmission–reception and backscattering modes. The results show the phase slope depends on the water volume fraction and, to a lesser extent, on the size of the emulsion droplets, leading to a stable behavior over time. Conversely, the behavior of the phase slope as a function of the volume fraction is monotonic with low dispersion. Fitting a power function to the experimental data provides calibration curves that can be used to determine the water content with percentage relative error up to 70% for a water volume fraction of 0.06, but less than 10% for water volume fractions greater than 0.06. Furthermore, the methodology works ov...
2021 IEEE UFFC Latin America Ultrasonics Symposium (LAUS)
This work deals with the development of an ultrasonic backscattering sensor for the monitoring of... more This work deals with the development of an ultrasonic backscattering sensor for the monitoring of water-in-oil emulsion. The sensor consists of a 3.5-MHz ultrasonic transducer, working in pulse-echo mode, and an array of cylindrical obstacles located in the near field. Information from the backscattering signals was extracted by two processing methods: cross-correlation and wave energy. It was studied the sensitivity of the sensor and the time stability of the emulsions at three temperatures and volume water concentration from 0% to 50%. Cross-correlation and wave energy showed dependence on concentration. However, the wave energy showed little dependence on temperature. For water content monitoring, it was observed a measurement feasibility for concentrations below 20% with the cross-correlation methods and over all the measured range of water concentrations with the wave energy methods. On the other hand, the sensor allows the measurement of the propagation velocity in the emulsion with good accuracy and in a practical way.
2021 IEEE UFFC Latin America Ultrasonics Symposium (LAUS), 2021
This work reports the experiments carried out with an adjustable measuring cell for ultrasonic ch... more This work reports the experiments carried out with an adjustable measuring cell for ultrasonic characterization of water-in-crude oil emulsions. The cell prototype was designed to allow adjustments to be made to the position of the solid delay lines to avoid the overlapping echoes. The tests performed used a 0.5-MHz transducer in pulse-echo mode and emulsions with water contents ranging from 0 to 30% by volume. The echoes reflected at the interfaces of the delay lines were acquired immediately after finishing the emulsification process. Using a stirring and a peristaltic pump the flow conditions were simulated. The characterization of each emulsion was made from the reference echoes acquired in the initial experiment with an air sample. All measurements were performed at the same temperature. The results show that this technique is useful to differentiate the water-oil emulsions with water content up to 30%.
Machines, 2021
This work deals with a transmission-reception ultrasonic technique for the real-time estimation o... more This work deals with a transmission-reception ultrasonic technique for the real-time estimation of the water content in water-in-crude oil emulsions. The working principle is the measurement of the propagation velocity, using two in-house manufactured transducers designed for water coupling, with a central frequency of about 3 MHz. Water-in-crude oil emulsions with a water volume concentration from 0% to 40% were generated by mechanical emulsification. Tests were carried out at three temperatures. The results showed that the propagation velocity is a sensitive parameter that is able to determine the water content, allowing for differentiating the concentrations of up to 40% of water. The main motivation is the development of techniques for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of the water content of emulsions in petrochemical processes.
This work presents a cell to measure the liquid dynamic viscosity using an ultrasonic wave mode c... more This work presents a cell to measure the liquid dynamic viscosity using an ultrasonic wave mode conversion from longitudinal to shear wave and vice-versa. A prototype-measuring cell was constructed to test the proposed method. Measurements of the viscosity of automotive oils (SAE 90 and SAE140) were obtained in the frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz. These results are also compared with the Maxwell model with two relaxation times, showing the dependency of dynamic viscosity with the frequency of the shear wave. The experimental data are in good agreement with those provided by the Maxwell model.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016
Acoustic vortex (AV) beams generation is a subject of current interest. Even though different app... more Acoustic vortex (AV) beams generation is a subject of current interest. Even though different applications have been proposed using AV, their potential of use is still to be explored. Recent research works on particle manipulation use phased array systems for AV generation because it allows a flexible beam configuration, i.e., the beam can be easily focalized and modified in its shape. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that the AV can also be electronically steered. In view of this, this work presents a study of the steering capability of an AV. In particular, this paper gives an analysis of the effect of the applied delay law on the structure of AV beams steered at different angles using an array transducer of 32 equidistant elements, deployed on a triangular lattice, operating at 40 kHz. Special attention is paid to the appearance of grating vortices. The effect of the individual element directivity on the resultant beam is also studied. Experimental measurements were carried out in order to validate numerical estimations. Obtained results paves the way for the use of electronically steered vortices in different applications. Also, the potential of use of acoustic grating vortices is discussed. V
pmr.poli.usp.br
Page 1. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de EngenhariaMecatrônica e de S... more Page 1. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de EngenhariaMecatrônica e de Sistemas Mecânicos ... Page 2. Boletim Técnico da Escola Politécnica da USP Departamento de Engenharia Mecatrônica e de Sistemas Mecânicos ...
Este trabajo explora el uso de la tecnologia CUDA en la solucion de problemas relacionados con la... more Este trabajo explora el uso de la tecnologia CUDA en la solucion de problemas relacionados con la dinamica de fluidos. Tres problemas clasicos de diferente nivel de complejidad: conveccion-difusion en un canal, la cavidad movida por pared y la cavidad movida por diferencia de temperatura, fueron solucionados por el metodo de las diferencias finitas, usando la CPU (procesador) y la GPU (tarjeta de video) para comparar el desempeno. Algunos aspectos importantes vinculados con la implementacion numerica en la GPU son discutidos. Asi mismo, los resultados mostraron un importante aumento de la velocidad cuando se uso la GPU.
This work presents a GPU algorithm to calculate the acoustic field generated by a circular ultras... more This work presents a GPU algorithm to calculate the acoustic field generated by a circular ultrasonic transducer radiating in water a continuous wave. The acoustic pressure in a space point in front of the transducer is calculated by Rayleigh integral, which uses the Huygens principle to compose the field as the sum of contributions from an infinite number of point sources. Because the pressure at each spatial point can be calculated independently, the solution algorithm can run in parallel, taking advantage of the GPU cores. Some experiments were performed in a frequency range from 0.25 to 5.0 MHz. The radiating surface was discretized in order to have a fixed number of elemental areas per wavelength. Results showed the validity of the acoustic fields simulated. In addition, a performance analysis showed that the GPU was 50 times faster than CPU for the most demanding problems. Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo implementado em GPU, para calcular o campo acústico produzid...
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021
This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-... more This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-in-petroleum emulsions. The sensor consists of a commercial ultrasonic transducer with an array of cylindrical scatterers placed in the near field. The scatterers are thin metal bars arranged in rows in front of the transducer. The backscattering signals were analyzed by calculating the wave energy and by a cross-correlation between signal segments; they were also used to determine the propagation velocity in the emulsions. The tests performed used emulsions with water volume concentrations from 0% to 50%. The results showed that both the signal energy and propagation velocity strongly depended on the concentration of water in the emulsion. Therefore, the ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor can be used for on-line and real-time monitoring of the water content in water-in-crude-oil emulsions.
The determination of the complex reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-li... more The determination of the complex reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid interface is a technique employed for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of liquids. An interesting property of the measurement technique is the very small penetration depth of the shear-waves into the liquid sample, which permits measurements with liquid films of some micrometers thick. This property, along with the adhesion of oily substances to surfaces, can be used for the detection of oily contaminants in water. In this work, the employment of the ultrasonic shear-wave reflection technique to the detection of oily contaminants in water is proposed and the theoretical and experimental concepts involved are discussed. Preliminary experimental results show the measurement technique can detect SAE 40 automotive oil in water in volume proportions less than 0.5%.
The elastic mechanical behavior of elastic materials is modeled by a pair of independent constant... more The elastic mechanical behavior of elastic materials is modeled by a pair of independent constants (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s coefficient). A precise measurement for both constants is necessary in some applications, such as the quality control of mechanical elements and standard materials used for the calibration of some equipment. Ultrasonic techniques have been used because wave velocity depends on the elastic properties of the propagation medium. The ultrasonic test shows better repeatability and accuracy than the tensile and indentation test. In this work, the theoretical and experimental aspects related to the ultrasonic through-transmission technique for the characterization of elastic solids is presented. Furthermore, an amorphous material and some polycrystalline materials were tested. Results have shown an excellent repeatability and numerical errors that are less than 3% in high-purity samples.
The measurement of the reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid inter... more The measurement of the reflection coefficient of ultrasonic shear-waves at the solid-liquid interface is a technique employed for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of liquids. An interesting property of the measurement technique is the very small penetration depth of the shear-waves into the liquid sample, that permits measurements with liquid films of some micrometers thick. This property, besides the well known tendency of oily substances to stick to the surfaces, can be used for the detection of oily contaminants in water. In this work, the employment of the ultrasonic shear-wave reflection technique to the detection of oily contaminants in water is proposed and the theoretical and experimental concepts involved are discussed. Preliminary experimental results show the measurement technique can detect SAE 40 automotive oil in water in volume proportions less than 0.5%.
If an acoustic wave impinges on an interface between two media with an oblique incidence, and if ... more If an acoustic wave impinges on an interface between two media with an oblique incidence, and if one of these media is a solid, in general, a complicated phenomenon occurs, that is referred to as mode conversion from longitudinal wave to shear wave, and viceversa, for the reflected and transmitted waves. The relations between the reflected and transmitted waves and the incident wave, defined in terms of amplitude and intensity, depend on the characteristic acoustic impedances of the media, the angles of incidence and the types of the incident wave (longitudinal or shear wave). The determination of these relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients, can be made by using the transmissionline models for waves in fluids and isotropic solids. In solids, this resolution takes into account the continuity of stresses and the particle velocity at the interface, and can be difficult to solve. This work presents a simple form of the system of equations to calculate the reflection ...
Resumen es: En este trabajo se presenta una implementacion de la tecnica de op - timizacion topol... more Resumen es: En este trabajo se presenta una implementacion de la tecnica de op - timizacion topologica (OT) aplicada al diseno de elementos estructurales mecanico...
DYNA
Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is requ... more Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is required. Aeronautic, naval and automotive industries use these materials to reduce the weight of the vehicles and, consequently, fuel consumption. However, the fiber-reinforced laminated materials are anisotropic and the elastic properties can vary widely due to non-standardized manufacturing processes. The elastic characterization using mechanical tests is not easy, destructive and, in most cases, not all the elastic constants can be obtained. Therefore, alternative techniques are required to assure the quality of the mechanical parts and the evaluation of new materials. In this work, the implementation of the ultrasonic through-transmission technique and the characterization of some engineering materials is reported. Isotropic materials and laminated composites of carbon fiber and glass fiber in a polymer matrix were characterized by ultrasound and mechanical tests. An improved methodolog...