Balakrishna Gowda | University of Agricultural Sciences,GKVK,Bangalore (original) (raw)

Papers by Balakrishna Gowda

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Non-edible oil-seed cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were subjected to natural decomposition ... more Non-edible oil-seed cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were subjected to natural decomposition by simple pit method in CR design during 2020â€“21 at UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. The physicochemical parameters temperature, pH, EC, mineral nutrients, lignin contents and phytotoxicity of oil-seed cakes during decomposition were determined at 30 days intervals for 90 days. Simultaneously, samples were also studied for the C-mineralization pattern by measuring CO2-C evolution during 60 days of the aerobic incubation experiment. The first-order kinetic model was used to describe the C-mineralization and calculate potentially mineralizable C. The decomposition of oil-seed cakes led to an increase in mineral nutrients and a decrease in lignin content and toxicity. After 60 days of the addition of soil with oil-seed cakes at different stages of compost, the cumulative C-mineralization occurred in the order neemM-0>N-0. The CMC value of mature compost (90 days) was lower in neem and simarouba (...

Neurochemical Research, Oct 23, 2010

Hyoscyamus species is one of the four plants used in Ayurveda for the treatment of Parkinson&... more Hyoscyamus species is one of the four plants used in Ayurveda for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since Hyoscyamus niger was found to contain negligible levels of L-DOPA, we evaluated neuroprotective potential, if any, of characterized petroleum ether and aqueous methanol extracts of its seeds in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD in mice. Air dried authenticated H. niger seeds were sequentially extracted using petroleum ether and aqueous methanol and were characterized employing HPLC-electrochemistry and LCMS. Parkinsonian mice were treated daily twice with the extracts (125-500 mg/kg, p.o.) for two days and motor functions and striatal dopamine levels were assayed. Administration of the aqueous methanol extract (containing 0.03% w/w of L-DOPA), but not petroleum ether extract, significantly attenuated motor disabilities (akinesia, catalepsy and reduced swim score) and striatal dopamine loss in MPTP treated mice. Since the extract caused significant inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity and attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+)-induced hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation in isolated mitochondria, it is possible that the methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus niger seeds protects against parkinsonism in mice by means of its ability to inhibit increased ·OH generated in the mitochondria.

Abstract About 400 species of weeds were recorded in dry lands, wet lands, plantations, gardens, ... more Abstract About 400 species of weeds were recorded in dry lands, wet lands, plantations, gardens, forests and other places in Karnataka. The most important weeds were Acanthospermum hispidum, Cuscuta sp., Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, ...

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020

The preliminary study was taken up to understand the variation on qualitative characteristics of ... more The preliminary study was taken up to understand the variation on qualitative characteristics of seeds and oil content in Pongamia pinnata in different rainfall zones in Hasssan district of Karnataka. The study was carried out in three contrasting locations represented by 20 random trees from each location. Accordingly, the observations were collected on Seed Biomass and Fatty acid composition (kernel oil) were studied to know the pattern and extent of variation among the rainfall habitats. The results revealed significant variation among the rainfall habitats. The moisture content was found to be highest in high rainfall (15.93%) and least in low rainfall area (9.55%). In case of low rainfall area, between Arasikere and Channarayapatna population, the fresh weight of seeds is higher in case of Arasikere seed population shows higher fresh biomass (4.300.500) than in case of Channarayapatna (3.800.65). In contrast to this, seed dry weight parameter shows the lower value in Arasikere population (3.350.46) than that Chnnarayapatna (3.580.39) though there is no significant difference. While the moisture content is higher in case of Chnnarayapatna (10.600.94) than in case of Arasikere seed population (8.500.83). The fatty acids varied significantly along the three rainfall zones of the study area. The highest content of the palmitic acid (12.04%), stearic acid (6.03%), oleic acid (8.84%), stearic acid (5.36%) was detected in low rainfall Zone followed by medium rainfall Zone except for the for oleic acid and the lowest content of all this chemical component were detected in the high rainfall Zones. This evidently shows that Arsikere lies in the transition zone produces quality seeds for bio diesel production.

The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2021

Dendrobium is a slow-growing epiphytic orchid and the third largest genus in the Orchidaceae fami... more Dendrobium is a slow-growing epiphytic orchid and the third largest genus in the Orchidaceae family. Though an orchid plant produces thousands of micro seeds owing to low level of mycorrhizal interactions, most of the seeds fail to grow out into plantlets. The present study was aimed at standardizing a protocol for culturing micro seeds of Dendrobium ovatum to obtain plantlets asymbiotically. Emergence of Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and their conversion into young plantlets was found the best in half-strength MS semi-solid media. PLBs formation was found earliest (20 days after culture) on MS half-strength semi-solid medium as compared to Lindeman media. Addition of 15 per cent coconut water (CW) to the media further accelerated the production of plantlets within 15 days of culture initiation. Among the different BAP treatments, half MS + 2 mg L-1 BAP + NAA (0.5 mg L-1) + 15% CW produced 9.20 shoots per explant, shoot length of 4.20 cm and the number of leaves was 6.40 at 90 days after culture. It can be inferred that addition of 15 per cent coconut water in the media is well suited for the mass multiplication of Dendrobium ovatum orchid and it further accelerate the morphological traits such as shoot length and number of leaves due to stimulative effect of growth regulator content leading to high-quality plantlets production.

Nine species of Solanum were investigated for genetic diversity studies using AFLP markers. Out o... more Nine species of Solanum were investigated for genetic diversity studies using AFLP markers. Out of 15 primer combinations used, three gave good scorable polymorphic bands. An average of 89% polymorphism was detected among the species. Cluster analysis showed 2 major clusters, A and B. Cluster A was divided into 2 subgroups, one formed by S. seaforthianum and the other by S. indicum and S. torvum. Cluster B was again divided into 2 sub-clusters, 1 and 2. Maximum genetic distance was recorded between S. erianthum and S. seaforthianum (0.97) while least distance was found between S. viarum and S. khasianum (0.74) compared with all other species. The separation of S. seaforthainum and S. caricaefolium into distinct groups was very significant. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2021

Purpose Raw and composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were evaluated for their effec... more Purpose Raw and composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were evaluated for their effect on plant growth, yield, and management of Alternaria tenuissima leaf spot disease, and rhizosphere microorganisms in chilli crop. Method The oil-cakes were composted in simple pits containing a mixture (6:1:1) of individual oil-cake, soil and rice straw. Growth promotion and disease incidence were assessed in plants grown in soil amended with raw or composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba in pot and field. Rhizosphere microflora was also determined in all treatments. Result Raw oil-cakes and their composts increased plant growth and yield and considerably decreased disease incidence and severity of A. tenuissima leaf spot in chilli grown in pot and field. The composted oil-cakes of simarouba were most effective in improving plant growth and yield and decreasing leaf spot disease in chilli, followed by madhuca and neem oil-cake compost. Fruit yield and vitamin C content were ...

Industrial Crops and Products, 2022

Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 2021

Background The release of triphenylmethane dyes, like malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV... more Background The release of triphenylmethane dyes, like malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV), into the environment is a cause of concern due to its toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Result A bacterial strain that is capable of decolorizing both dyes was isolated from the composted neem oil-seed cake. The strain was characterized as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and designated as isolate TPMD-1. The kinetic study of the dye degradation revealed the efficiency of the above isolate to degrade MG. The effect of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and agitation on the decolorization of MG by the isolate was also studied. The MG degradation rate was slightly more in neutral pH at 28–30 °C and 150 rpm. The UV-spectroscopy, HPLC, and FTIR analyses of the dye sample before and after bacterial treatment revealed the high ability of S. maltophilia TPDM-1 in the removal of MG from the media. The genetic snapshot of the isolate by PCR ampl...

Erwerbs-Obstbau, 2015

Optimierung von Einflussfaktoren auf die in-vitro Etablierung und die ex-vitro Bewurzelung und Ab... more Optimierung von Einflussfaktoren auf die in-vitro Etablierung und die ex-vitro Bewurzelung und Abhärtung bei der kommerziellen Massenvermehrung der Bananensorte 'Silk' (Musa AAB) Zusammenfassung Einflussfaktoren auf die Etablierung und Abhärtung der Meristemkultur wurden für die Bananensorte 'Silk' ausführlich untersucht. Während der Initiationsphase der Meristemkultur wurde der Einfluss der Gewebestückgröße (klein, mittel, groß), der Saccharosekonzentration (10, 20 und 30 g/l), des Zeitpunkts des Abstract Factors concerning aseptic culture establishment and hardening were studied in detail in choicest Silk Banana. Effect of size of sucker (small, medium and large), carbon concentration (10, 20 and 30 g/l), season of initiation (wet and dry) and pre-treatments such as segmentation and incision to the explants were studied during initiation. Further, hardening related factors such as substrates used for primary and secondary hardening, nursery nutrition (source and frequency of application) and pre-treatments for ex vitro rooting were also studied. Results revealed that small suckers were most suited for initiations with the

Environment and …, 2011

... the spentwash for irrigation. Biodiesel spentwash, appears dark yellow to cream colored liqui... more ... the spentwash for irrigation. Biodiesel spentwash, appears dark yellow to cream colored liquid, emits pungent odor and is highly alkaline in nature. Spentwash exhibits all the characters of polluted water. Among the different ...

Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products

Leaf area measurement can be a time consuming process and requires sophisticated electronic instr... more Leaf area measurement can be a time consuming process and requires sophisticated electronic instruments. The objective of this research was to develop a simple, accurate, non-destructive and time saving predictive model for leaf area (LA) estimation in Neem and Pongamia. In the present study the authors have developed a regression equation (RE) and a fixed coefficient (FC) to calculate the LA of Neem and Pongamia plants of five year age class grown in natural conditions. The regression equation, Leaf area = L*W*0.6585 - 0.9828 for Pongamia and Leaf area = L*W*0.465x + 0.8781 for Neem was derived by taking actual leaf area as dependent variable and product of L and W, as independent variable (r = 0.97 for Pongamia and r = 0.86 for Neem.) The FC calculated by taking the ratio of actual to product of L and W was found to be 0.634 for Pongamia and 0.572 for Neem. The equation and coefficient was validated and was found significant. The study indicates that either FC or RE can be used wi...

Energy Policy, 2018

 Species should have high yields, low labour requirements and high oilseed prices.  Value chain... more  Species should have high yields, low labour requirements and high oilseed prices.  Value chain reorganization through contracting further stimulates adoption.  High opportunity costs of labour demand for alternative business models.

The present study deals with the characterization of land use/land cover types in Koothy village,... more The present study deals with the characterization of land use/land cover types in Koothy village, Kodagu District as part of the Below ground biodiversity project. The satellite remote sensing data has been used to for delineation of land use/land cover types. The Hybrid classification approach has been adopted for classification. Six different land use/land cover types were delimited in the study area using satellite data of IRS-1D- LISS III data of the year 2000. The coffee and cardamom plantations occupied major portion of the study area and they are the dominant land use/land cover types in the area. The natural forests represented by only 6 % of the area. Phytodiversity was measured using 60 0.1 ha triangular plots. Phytodiversity was analyzed using diversity indices and importance value index. Highest Shannon-Wiener diversity was recorded for natural forests followed by coffee and cardamom plantations. Importance value index revealed the dominance of Caryota urens in natural f...

ThEME 3 SOLUTIONS TO ThE PRObLEMS CREATED bY CONTINUED DEvELOPMENT OF A GROWING WORLD POPULATION ... more ThEME 3 SOLUTIONS TO ThE PRObLEMS CREATED bY CONTINUED DEvELOPMENT OF A GROWING WORLD POPULATION biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesela case study of hassan district, india Avinash Narayanaswamy, CSTM Department, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands balakrishna Gowda, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKvK Campus, bengaluru, India Joy Clancy, CSTM Department, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands Please address all correspondence to avibvs@gmail.com

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 2010

Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction ... more Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. In this paper, we studied the mode of reproduction of Jatropha curcas. in GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. Pollination experiment clearly revealed the predominance of cross pollination in Jatropha curcas with the apomixis up to 28.5 per cent. The mean female to male flower ratio in the Jatropha was around 14.4 to 105.73. By the treatments of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination, which showed that Jatropha curcas could facilitate sexual system geitonogamy up to 75.6% fruit set indicates self-compatibility and xenogamy up to 82.33 per cent frui...

Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2012

Pongamia pinnata is one of the promising tree species suitable for providing oil for biodiesel pr... more Pongamia pinnata is one of the promising tree species suitable for providing oil for biodiesel production. This paper addresses the life cycle energy balance, global warming potential and acidification potential, of a small scale biodiesel system, in rural Karnataka. In addition , the system has also been expanded to generation and use of biogas from seed cake for electricity production and evaluated for its environmental impacts. The environmental impacts have been benchmarked with the life cycle impacts of fossil diesel. The results show that non-renewable energy requirement of Pongamia biodiesel system is twenty-eight times lower than that of fossil diesel. A significant increase in global warming potential (GWP) is indicated in Pongamia biodiesel system compared to fossil diesel if wood is used as fuel. GWP would be seven times less if wood is not used as fuel. Acidification and eutrophication potential of Pongamia system was found to be nil. Further, expanding the Pongamia biod...

The two popular and threatened species of Embelia viz., E. ribes and E. tsjeriam-cottam were anal... more The two popular and threatened species of Embelia viz., E. ribes and E. tsjeriam-cottam were analyzed for their genetic diversity using AFLP (Amplified fragment Length Polymorphism) studies. The two species exhibited considerable degree of polymorphism up to 88.65%. The EcoRI/MseI enzyme combination did not show scorable bands in stead genome digested and ligated by PstI/ MseI enzyme combination showed scorable bands with unique banding pattern. Species specific markers were also identified during the analysis for both the species which could be further utilized for identification during any circumstances of controversy. AFLP has proven to be robust tool in identifying the degree of similarity and variation between the two important species of medicinal plants.