Madhurima Vinod | University of Agricultural sciences Dharwad (original) (raw)

Papers by Madhurima Vinod

Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, 2020

Insects are the largest group of hexapod invertebrates belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. They a... more Insects are the largest group of hexapod invertebrates belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. They are the major enemies of our crops in field and stored products. On one side are the beneficial entomofauna, which positively works for human welfare, whereas, the other side comprises of insect pests which cause a huge negative impact on human and his belongings. Unfortunately, nearly one-sixth of all crops grown worldwide are lost to herbivorous insects and the plant diseases they transmit. In addition to this, due to climate change coupled with intensification in agriculture, there has been a paradigm shift in infestation of insect pests both in time and space. Moreover, over the decade, food security at global level has also emerged as a concern at an alarming rate. The farmers use pesticides as first line of defence and frequently resort to indiscriminate and non-judicious use of pesticides for managing the insect pests. However, these lead to several problems, such as environmental pollution, pesticide residue in the harvested products, development of resistance/resurgence of pests, emergence of new pests, destruction of natural enemies and pollinators, and ultimately, increased cost of production. In this background, a paradigm shift in pest management approaches is urgently required. Such management strategies could be A) Mechanical methods, B) Physical methods, C) Legislative methods, and D) Cultural methods. The literature on these components is being focused in the present review.

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2016

Among different intercropping systems in groundnut under organic system, the highest coccinellid ... more Among different intercropping systems in groundnut under organic system, the highest coccinellid population was recorded in groundnut + cowpea (3.00/plant) followed by groundnut + red gram (2.40/plant) and groundnut + sorghum (2.13/plant) at 60 days after sowing (DAS). A similar trend was followed under conventional systems also with highest population in groundnut + cowpea (2.07/plant) system. Spider population was maximum at 60 DAS under both systems in groundnut + field bean intercropping system, which recorded 2.93 and 1.97 per plant, respectively. Natural infection of Nomuraea rileyi on Spodoptera litura was maximum at 60 DAS in groundnut + cowpea (4.40 cadavers per meter row length (mrl)) and groundnut + soybean (3.37 cadavers/mrl) which were on par with each other under organic system. Comparatively lesser infection was recorded in groundnut + cowpea (2.80/mrl) followed by groundnut + soybean (1.67/mrl) at 60 DAS under conventional systems. Among all the treatments, sole crop of groundnut recorded lowest number of natural enemies during all observations under both the systems.

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2017

Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022

Pollination is the process through which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs ... more Pollination is the process through which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of the plants thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction. Pollinators play efficient role in pollination of wild plants and several crop species. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the crops grown for human consumption rely on pollinators, predominantly bees, for a successful harvest. However, over the last decade, both native and honey bee populations have been declining at alarming rates, raising concerns about the impact on crop pollination and global food security. To complicate the situation, many of the factors linked to bee population decline are the direct result of commonly adapted agricultural practices. Fortunately, one of the simplest ways to conserve pollinators’ population in an agriculturally reliant world is through organic farming. There are several studies citing the beneficial aspects of organic farming in this regard. In view of the important role of pollinators in gl...

Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022

Field studies were carried out at Seed Farm, ZAHRS Brahmavar, Udupi, Karnataka during summer 2019... more Field studies were carried out at Seed Farm, ZAHRS Brahmavar, Udupi, Karnataka during summer 2019 on effect of different farming systems on insect pests and natural enemies in groundnut and blackgram. Three days after first spray in groundnut, Package of practice recorded significantly lowest number of aphids per 2 cm shoot length per plant (2.32) whereas, the highest number of aphids was observed in Farmer's practice treatment (6.24 aphids per 2 cm shoot length per plant). The incidence of aphids on blackgram at three days after first spray revealed the lowest aphid count of 4.16 per 2 cm shoot length per plant in Package of practice, whereas, the highest in Farmer's practice (13.16 aphids per 2 cm shoot length per plant). Significantly higher number of coccinellids in groundnut and blackgram was observed in Natural farming which was on par with Organic farming after both the sprays.

Research article, 2017

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2014 to study the seasonal incidence of pod bore... more A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2014 to study the seasonal incidence of pod borer E. zinckenella on two extensively grown varieties of soybean namely JS 335 and DSb 21. The results revealed that the population of E. zinckenella was very low on soybean which appeared on 33 rd Meteorological Standard Week on JS 335 with the larval population of 0.10 larvae / plant and continued to increase gradually up to 1.0 l/plant on 42 nd MSW. While in DSb 21, the infestation appeared on 34 th MSW with 0.10 l/plant and attained a peak of 0.70 l/ plant on 42 nd MSW. The highest pod and seed damage in case of JS 335 was observed during 42 nd MSW (5.02 and 4.18%, respectively). However it was 3.28 and 2.25% pod and seed damage, respectively on DSb 21. The correlation studies between E. zinckenella and weather parameters revealed that the larval population of the pod borer exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the maximum temperature (r = 0.73**) on DSb 21. In both the varieties, a highly significant negative correlation (r =-0.71** and r =-0.79** respectively) was observed with morning relative humidity.

Research article, 2016

Field resistance of ten soybean varieties against pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora during kharif se... more Field resistance of ten soybean varieties against pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora during kharif season of two

Research article, 2022

The influence of different bee attractants on activity of minor pollinators, Tertragonula iridipe... more The influence of different bee attractants on activity of minor pollinators, Tertragonula iridipennis and other hymenopteran pollinators viz., Lasioglossum sp., Ceratina sp., Camponotus compressus, Crematogaster subnuda etc in mango under organic and conventional ecosystems was evaluated. The results indicated that cacambe @ 10 per cent attracted higher mean visitation of T. iridipennis in both organic (3.38 bees/panicle/5 min) and conventional ecosystems (3.42 bees/panicle/5 min). Similarly, cacambe @ 10 per cent was superior in attracting significantly highest mean number of other hymenopteran pollinators in mango both under organic and conventional farming systems with 3.14 and 3.99 other hymenopterans/panicle/5 min, respectively. The superiority of different attractants in enticing pollinators was more prominent under organic ecosystem than in conventional ecosystem.

The activity of bees viz., Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Apis cerana, Tetragonula iridipennis and ot... more The activity of bees viz., Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Apis cerana, Tetragonula iridipennis and other hymenopteran pollinators was noticed foraging in guava under both the ecosystems. The rock bee activity under organic guava ecosystem attained its peak during VIII week after 10 per cent flowering and was on par with VII, IX and X weeks whereas, during IX and X weeks under conventional farming system. The significantly highest activity of little bees under organic ecosystem was recorded during VIII and IX weeks whereas, during X week under conventional ecosystem. The maximum activity of A. cerana in guava was observed during VII, VIII and IX weeks under organic ecosystem whereas, during X week under conventional farming system. The maximum activity of all the pollinators was recorded at 1000 hr except for T. iridipennis, which were most active at 1200 hr. In general, the foraging activity of pollinators in guava was higher in organic ecosystem as compared to conventional ecosystem.

A total of 17 insect visitors were recorded from organic guava ecosystem out of which, maximum of... more A total of 17 insect visitors were recorded from organic guava ecosystem out of which, maximum of 11 species belonged to Hymenoptera followed by Diptera and Lepidoptera (3 each). Comparatively lesser number of 10 insect pollinators visited conventional ecosystem of which, seven species belonged to Hymenoptera followed by Diptera (2) and Lepidoptera (1). Among these, the important pollinators were Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea, Tetragonula iridipennis, Amegilla cingulifera, Xylocopa sp., Lasioglossum sp. etc of Hymenoptera. Under both organic and conventional guava ecosystems, Hymenoptera was the most dominant pollinator group which accounted for maximum relative abundance of 95.85 and 94.42 per cent, respectively. The diversity of pollinators and their numbers were more under organic guava ecosystem than conventional ecosystem.

Field studies were carried out at the Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during kha... more Field studies were carried out at the Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during kharif 2013-14 and 2014-15 on seasonal incidence of Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) in two different soybean varieties, JS 335 and DSb 21. The crop remained vulnerable to pod borer from 34 th Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) to 42 nd MSW which followed an increasing trend from 1.10 to 15.20 pod borer larvae per plant in variety JS 335 during 2013-14. A lower population range of 0.70 larvae per plant during 34 th MSW to 12.10 during 42 nd MSW was observed in variety DSb 21. The highest pod damage of 46.08 and seed damage of 43.32 per cent were recorded during 34 th and 42 nd MSW, respectively in JS 335 whereas, it was 40.56 and 37.16 per cent in DSb 21 during the respective MSW. During 2014-15, the pink pod borer infestation commenced on 34 th MSW in both the varieties which attained a peak population (10.20 and 9.10 larvae/ plant) during 42 nd MSW. Correlation studies indicated that a highly significant and positive relationship (r = 0.77**) between maximum temperature and incidence of pod borer during 2013-14 whereas, morning relative humidity showed a significant and negative correlation (r =-0.64**) with pod borer incidence during the year 2014-15.

Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.3 ml/l, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.00 ml/l and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/... more Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.3 ml/l, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.00 ml/l and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/l were found highly toxic to coccinellids as compared to safer chemicals like spinosad 45 SC @ 0.2 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.25 g/l, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.2 ml/l and novaluron 10 EC @ 1.00 ml/l. For Chrysoperla spp., spinosad 45 SC @ 0.2 ml/l and emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.25 g/l were found to be on par with untreated check with least toxic effects. Similarly, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.2 ml/l and emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.25 g/l were safer to spiders. Among different chemicals used, highest yield was registered in spinosad 45 SC @ 0.2 ml/l (2354 kg/ha) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.2 ml/l (2304 kg/ha).

Afield experiment was laid out during kharif of 2014 to study the influence of dates of sowing on... more Afield experiment was laid out during kharif of 2014 to study the influence of dates of sowing on the incidence of C. ptychora on soybean and natural enemies in soybean during post flowering stage. It was observed that the crop sown on 21 st MSW during the first week of June recorded the minimum larval population of 9.10 larvae/plant. However, the peak incidence of 30.40 l/plant was recorded in the crop sown on 29 th MSW during the last week of July. Similarly , the lowest pod and seed damage was observed in the crop sown during the first week of June with 5.26 and 3.19%, respectively whereas the highest pod and seed damage of 42.70 and 40.96% respectively, was recorded in the crop sown during the last week of July. Among the natural enemies, two larval parasi-toids, Bracon sp. and an unidentified Braconid wasp were found to parasitise the podborer larvae to the extent of 4.0%. The predatory coccinellids harbored the crop from first week of September and attained peak population (3.40 adults /mrl) during last week of September. However chrysopid activity was commenced during the second eek of September and attained peak (2.30 grubs/mrl) during the third week of September. In contrast, spider population was observed throughout the cropping season and showed a peak (1.20 spiders/mrl) during the fourth week of September.

Thesis Chapters by Madhurima Vinod

Ph D Thesis, 2018

Twenty five insect pollinators visited mango under organic ecosystem with 11 species each belongi... more Twenty five insect pollinators visited mango under organic ecosystem with 11
species each belonging to Hymenoptera and Diptera against 18 species in conventional
with 8 each in Hymenoptera and Diptera. However, Diptera recorded maximum number
in both organic and conventional ecosystems with maximum relative abundance of
52.70 and 53.18 per cent, respectively followed by Hymenoptera. Total of 17 insect
visitors were recorded from organic guava ecosystem among which, Hymenoptera
recorded 11 species with maximum relative abundance of 95.85 per cent against 10
species in conventional ecosystem with Hymenoptera (7) recording maximum relative
abundance of 94.42 per cent.
The peak foraging activity of pollinators in organic mango ecosystem was
observed during VII and VIII weeks after 10 per cent flowering in general whereas,
during VIII and IX weeks under conventional ecosystem. In organic guava ecosystem,
the maximum activity was noticed during VII, VIII and IX weeks as against IX and X
weeks in conventional ecosystem. The foraging activity of all pollinators was higher in
organic ecosystem as compared to conventional ecosystem in both crops with best
foraging activity at 1000 hr except for T. iridipennis which was most active at 1200 hr.
Bee-Q @ 1.25 per cent and cacambe @ 10 per cent attracted significantly higher
number of Apis pollinators whereas, cacambe @ 10 per cent and jaggery solution @ 10
per cent attracted T. iridipennis and other hymenopterans under organic and
conventional mango and guava ecosystems. In general, Bee-Q @ 1.25 per cent,
cacambe @ 10 per cent, jaggery solution @ 10 per cent and molasses @ 10 per cent
recorded significantly superior yield parameters in mango and guava under both
ecosystems. However, superior quantitative yield parameters of mango and guava were
recorded under conventional than organic farming system whereas, the reverse was the
case with respect to qualitative parameters.

Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, 2020

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2016

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2017

Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022

Research article, 2017

Research article, 2016

Research article, 2022

Ph D Thesis, 2018

Book Chapter, 2021

The author/publisher has attempted to trace and acknowledge the materials reproduced in this publ... more The author/publisher has attempted to trace and acknowledge the materials reproduced in this publication and apologize if permission and acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been given. If any material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so that we may rectify it.