Maria Roth | Babes-Bolyai University (original) (raw)
Papers by Maria Roth
European journal of probation, Aug 1, 2012
Based on Becker's conceptualization of deviance, the phenomena of labeling and stigmatization... more Based on Becker's conceptualization of deviance, the phenomena of labeling and stigmatization of people who commit antisocial acts will result in their social marginalization and exclusion, which may result in relapse into criminal behavior. By the means of qualitative research, this paper looks at different forms of social exclusion, as possible catalysts of male recidivism in Romania. Turning away from the perspective that the offender alone is responsible for the acts he committed and for his own rehabilitation, the authors demonstrate that social exclusion was experienced by recidivists in different ways, favouring the perpetration of antisocial acts. The identified spheres of social exclusion that mainly need to be targeted by social policies and social assistance are: employment, housing, family relationships and social networks.
Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residentia... more Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residential institutions and especially families but there are few comparative research projects to look at the effects of different cultures and organisational traditions on the effect of the known risk factors (like poverty, parenting stress, immaturity poor housing and marginalisation on violence against children). There are many gaps in our knowledge on the extent to which traditions can keep doors open to child maltreatment as opposed to laws, regulations and preventive measures that might promote children’s rights and their protection. In this context the presentation will look at existing research about child abuse and neglect specificities within former communist countries and their effects on the present policies and outcomes. It will also analyse existing data on prevention endeavours and their results in the last 27 years, in comparison with Western European countries. For historical data the presentation will mostly draw on the case of Romania, while for looking at prevention measures data will come from the PIECES project (Policy Investigation in Europe on Child Endangerment and Support, financed by Directorate of Justice, Daphne) which is among the few extensive data collection projects on child abuse and neglect legislative framework and prevention in all EU countries. Data were gathered via consultation with experts on violence against children in all EU member states. Results demonstrate that patterns of social policies in the area of prevention of child abuse and neglect have come much closer as for the legislative framework, as well as the prevention and intervention models, but resources deployed and professional requirements are still different, depending on institutional and community cultural traditions. We conclude that successful prevention policies of child abuse and neglect need to promote anti-violence values in a broader environmental change context and confront national policies and national cultural contexts. Child abuse and neglect, prevention, cultural context
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Problems, 2021
The objective of this paper is to capture a typology within the heterogeneity of the victims of h... more The objective of this paper is to capture a typology within the heterogeneity of the victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation, based on the perspective of victimology. The topic is highly relevant for the development of actual anti-trafficking policies as well as for the efforts to prevent trafficking for sexual exploitation and to respond to the needs of the victims. The study has been conducted in Romania, a country which in the last 20 years has been one of the major suppliers to the Western European sex industry (EUROSTAT, 2015). This research is partly based on the dissertation research of the first author, with data collected through the international project ANIMANOVA (2009-2012) 3. We have distinguished seven types of victims with different types of vulnerability defined by the characteristics of the motivated trafficker, the characteristics of the guardians and the characteristics of the victims as follows: 1. the deprived, needy victims; 2. the victims exploited by their own families; 3. the runaways from child abuse and/or domestic violence; 4. the dreamers, who aspire for a better life; 5. the abandoned; 6. the rebels; 7.
The teenage motherhood discourse as a pathological phenomenon is not only promoted by the mass me... more The teenage motherhood discourse as a pathological phenomenon is not only promoted by the mass media; teenage motherhood, the associated factors, and its consequences have been the object of social research for four decades (Furstenberg, 1978). Traditional literature on the subject reflects the extensive interest in the social exclusion of these mothers and their dependence on services. Such traditional scientific research, usually quantitative, has always legitimised specialised interventions, and shaped public policies relating to teenage mothers. The connection to science legitimises such interventions, and can subtly take on political substrata and biological interests, influencing the way in which we experience the world (Foucault, 1980). The confluence between the slanderous discourses in the mass media, the scientific discourses, and last but not least, my experience as a specialist, who came into contact with teenage mothers' experiences, raised my interest in this subject. Therefore, I started from the assumption that teenage motherhood is a social construct (Macleod, 2001), and I tried, in the
Oral Communications, 2017
Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residentia... more Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residential institutions and especially families but there are few comparative research projects to look at the effects of different cultures and organisational traditions on the effect of the known risk factors (like poverty, parenting stress, immaturity poor housing and marginalisation on violence against children). There are many gaps in our knowledge on the extent to which traditions can keep doors open to child maltreatment as opposed to laws, regulations and preventive measures that might promote children’s rights and their protection. In this context the presentation will look at existing research about child abuse and neglect specificities within former communist countries and their effects on the present policies and outcomes. It will also analyse existing data on prevention endeavours and their results in the last 27 years, in comparison with Western European countries. For historical data the presentation will mostly draw on the case of Romania, while for looking at prevention measures data will come from the PIECES project (Policy Investigation in Europe on Child Endangerment and Support, financed by Directorate of Justice, Daphne) which is among the few extensive data collection projects on child abuse and neglect legislative framework and prevention in all EU countries. Data were gathered via consultation with experts on violence against children in all EU member states. Results demonstrate that patterns of social policies in the area of prevention of child abuse and neglect have come much closer as for the legislative framework, as well as the prevention and intervention models, but resources deployed and professional requirements are still different, depending on institutional and community cultural traditions. We conclude that successful prevention policies of child abuse and neglect need to promote anti-violence values in a broader environmental change context and confront national policies and national cultural contexts. Child abuse and neglect, prevention, cultural context
Actas Del Ii Symposium Internacional Sobre Justicia Juvenil Y Del I Congreso Europeo Sobre Programas De Cumplimiento De Medidas Judiciales Para Menores Vol 2 2008 Isbn 978 84 472 1134 0 Pags 295 301, 2008
Sozial Extra, Jul 1, 2007
... com 1 The authors are grateful to Gary Bowen and Cristina Raț for valuable comments on the pa... more ... com 1 The authors are grateful to Gary Bowen and Cristina Raț for valuable comments on the paper. ... As previous Romanian research results show (Miclea, 2005; Jigău et al 2002) within the Romanian education system, structural inequalities are a risk factor for the balance of ...
Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of adolescent pat... more Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of adolescent pathways to subjective satisfaction with life and happiness. Methods: Data were drawn from a 2 wave (3 year) longitudinal study of the health and development of around 2000 Romanian, nationally representative sample of adolescent and young adults. In the first wave, a series of risk behaviors and positive resources were assessed by an online questionnaire that including aspects of social support and socioeconomic status. Findings: Romanian adolescents reported average risk factors close to European averages satisfactory levels of resources and social support. Levels of subjective happiness and life satisfaction were lower compared to European averages. Discussions: Inequalities in happiness and life satisfaction were mostly related to low socio-economic situation, lack of appropriate social cohesion and presence of risk factors
Sociologie Româneasca = Romanian Sociology, 2011
Social Care under State Socialism (1945-1989), 2009
The International Journal of Children's Rights, 2011
After a long history of living in Europe, latterly in democracies governed with reference to huma... more After a long history of living in Europe, latterly in democracies governed with reference to human, and children's, rights, Roma children still have a very low education status and very low school participation rates. The aims of this article are to review the current state of participation of Roma children in education in European countries, with a special focus on Romania, and to discuss some issues about how the right to education is, or is not, respected in the region. Data accumulated in the last decade are revisited and educational policies are analyzed. Particular attention is given to issues of segregation in education, scrutinized through the lens of Romanian and international education practices. The article recommends a number of policy responses, including the value of added cash transfers, as well as action to ensure quality standards in all education settings frequented by Roma children.
European journal of probation, Aug 1, 2012
Based on Becker's conceptualization of deviance, the phenomena of labeling and stigmatization... more Based on Becker's conceptualization of deviance, the phenomena of labeling and stigmatization of people who commit antisocial acts will result in their social marginalization and exclusion, which may result in relapse into criminal behavior. By the means of qualitative research, this paper looks at different forms of social exclusion, as possible catalysts of male recidivism in Romania. Turning away from the perspective that the offender alone is responsible for the acts he committed and for his own rehabilitation, the authors demonstrate that social exclusion was experienced by recidivists in different ways, favouring the perpetration of antisocial acts. The identified spheres of social exclusion that mainly need to be targeted by social policies and social assistance are: employment, housing, family relationships and social networks.
Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residentia... more Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residential institutions and especially families but there are few comparative research projects to look at the effects of different cultures and organisational traditions on the effect of the known risk factors (like poverty, parenting stress, immaturity poor housing and marginalisation on violence against children). There are many gaps in our knowledge on the extent to which traditions can keep doors open to child maltreatment as opposed to laws, regulations and preventive measures that might promote children’s rights and their protection. In this context the presentation will look at existing research about child abuse and neglect specificities within former communist countries and their effects on the present policies and outcomes. It will also analyse existing data on prevention endeavours and their results in the last 27 years, in comparison with Western European countries. For historical data the presentation will mostly draw on the case of Romania, while for looking at prevention measures data will come from the PIECES project (Policy Investigation in Europe on Child Endangerment and Support, financed by Directorate of Justice, Daphne) which is among the few extensive data collection projects on child abuse and neglect legislative framework and prevention in all EU countries. Data were gathered via consultation with experts on violence against children in all EU member states. Results demonstrate that patterns of social policies in the area of prevention of child abuse and neglect have come much closer as for the legislative framework, as well as the prevention and intervention models, but resources deployed and professional requirements are still different, depending on institutional and community cultural traditions. We conclude that successful prevention policies of child abuse and neglect need to promote anti-violence values in a broader environmental change context and confront national policies and national cultural contexts. Child abuse and neglect, prevention, cultural context
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Problems, 2021
The objective of this paper is to capture a typology within the heterogeneity of the victims of h... more The objective of this paper is to capture a typology within the heterogeneity of the victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation, based on the perspective of victimology. The topic is highly relevant for the development of actual anti-trafficking policies as well as for the efforts to prevent trafficking for sexual exploitation and to respond to the needs of the victims. The study has been conducted in Romania, a country which in the last 20 years has been one of the major suppliers to the Western European sex industry (EUROSTAT, 2015). This research is partly based on the dissertation research of the first author, with data collected through the international project ANIMANOVA (2009-2012) 3. We have distinguished seven types of victims with different types of vulnerability defined by the characteristics of the motivated trafficker, the characteristics of the guardians and the characteristics of the victims as follows: 1. the deprived, needy victims; 2. the victims exploited by their own families; 3. the runaways from child abuse and/or domestic violence; 4. the dreamers, who aspire for a better life; 5. the abandoned; 6. the rebels; 7.
The teenage motherhood discourse as a pathological phenomenon is not only promoted by the mass me... more The teenage motherhood discourse as a pathological phenomenon is not only promoted by the mass media; teenage motherhood, the associated factors, and its consequences have been the object of social research for four decades (Furstenberg, 1978). Traditional literature on the subject reflects the extensive interest in the social exclusion of these mothers and their dependence on services. Such traditional scientific research, usually quantitative, has always legitimised specialised interventions, and shaped public policies relating to teenage mothers. The connection to science legitimises such interventions, and can subtly take on political substrata and biological interests, influencing the way in which we experience the world (Foucault, 1980). The confluence between the slanderous discourses in the mass media, the scientific discourses, and last but not least, my experience as a specialist, who came into contact with teenage mothers' experiences, raised my interest in this subject. Therefore, I started from the assumption that teenage motherhood is a social construct (Macleod, 2001), and I tried, in the
Oral Communications, 2017
Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residentia... more Context: Maltreatment occurs in all countries and in all environments such as schools, residential institutions and especially families but there are few comparative research projects to look at the effects of different cultures and organisational traditions on the effect of the known risk factors (like poverty, parenting stress, immaturity poor housing and marginalisation on violence against children). There are many gaps in our knowledge on the extent to which traditions can keep doors open to child maltreatment as opposed to laws, regulations and preventive measures that might promote children’s rights and their protection. In this context the presentation will look at existing research about child abuse and neglect specificities within former communist countries and their effects on the present policies and outcomes. It will also analyse existing data on prevention endeavours and their results in the last 27 years, in comparison with Western European countries. For historical data the presentation will mostly draw on the case of Romania, while for looking at prevention measures data will come from the PIECES project (Policy Investigation in Europe on Child Endangerment and Support, financed by Directorate of Justice, Daphne) which is among the few extensive data collection projects on child abuse and neglect legislative framework and prevention in all EU countries. Data were gathered via consultation with experts on violence against children in all EU member states. Results demonstrate that patterns of social policies in the area of prevention of child abuse and neglect have come much closer as for the legislative framework, as well as the prevention and intervention models, but resources deployed and professional requirements are still different, depending on institutional and community cultural traditions. We conclude that successful prevention policies of child abuse and neglect need to promote anti-violence values in a broader environmental change context and confront national policies and national cultural contexts. Child abuse and neglect, prevention, cultural context
Actas Del Ii Symposium Internacional Sobre Justicia Juvenil Y Del I Congreso Europeo Sobre Programas De Cumplimiento De Medidas Judiciales Para Menores Vol 2 2008 Isbn 978 84 472 1134 0 Pags 295 301, 2008
Sozial Extra, Jul 1, 2007
... com 1 The authors are grateful to Gary Bowen and Cristina Raț for valuable comments on the pa... more ... com 1 The authors are grateful to Gary Bowen and Cristina Raț for valuable comments on the paper. ... As previous Romanian research results show (Miclea, 2005; Jigău et al 2002) within the Romanian education system, structural inequalities are a risk factor for the balance of ...
Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of adolescent pat... more Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative importance of adolescent pathways to subjective satisfaction with life and happiness. Methods: Data were drawn from a 2 wave (3 year) longitudinal study of the health and development of around 2000 Romanian, nationally representative sample of adolescent and young adults. In the first wave, a series of risk behaviors and positive resources were assessed by an online questionnaire that including aspects of social support and socioeconomic status. Findings: Romanian adolescents reported average risk factors close to European averages satisfactory levels of resources and social support. Levels of subjective happiness and life satisfaction were lower compared to European averages. Discussions: Inequalities in happiness and life satisfaction were mostly related to low socio-economic situation, lack of appropriate social cohesion and presence of risk factors
Sociologie Româneasca = Romanian Sociology, 2011
Social Care under State Socialism (1945-1989), 2009
The International Journal of Children's Rights, 2011
After a long history of living in Europe, latterly in democracies governed with reference to huma... more After a long history of living in Europe, latterly in democracies governed with reference to human, and children's, rights, Roma children still have a very low education status and very low school participation rates. The aims of this article are to review the current state of participation of Roma children in education in European countries, with a special focus on Romania, and to discuss some issues about how the right to education is, or is not, respected in the region. Data accumulated in the last decade are revisited and educational policies are analyzed. Particular attention is given to issues of segregation in education, scrutinized through the lens of Romanian and international education practices. The article recommends a number of policy responses, including the value of added cash transfers, as well as action to ensure quality standards in all education settings frequented by Roma children.