Mira Ziolo | University of British Columbia (original) (raw)
Videos by Mira Ziolo
A presentation made to secondary students from the Institute of Global Solutions, BC discussing r... more A presentation made to secondary students from the Institute of Global Solutions, BC discussing root causes of zoonotic disease spillover from an health equity lens
1 views
Papers by Mira Ziolo
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2021
Since the emergence of the SARS-COV2 pandemic, numerous scholars have highlighted the inextricabl... more Since the emergence of the SARS-COV2 pandemic, numerous scholars have highlighted the inextricable relationships between pandemic emergence and human civilization's unhealthy relationship with the environment. Baybutt and Dooris (2021), highlight five possible strategies for engaging with the complexity of the pandemic and the role of public health therein. One recommendation is to leverage the potential of eco-social approaches to public health such as OneHealth, Ecohealth and Planetary Health. In this commentary, we seek to build on this recommendation. While a full review of these concepts is beyond the scope of this commentary (readers can see Buse et al., 2018; Oestreicher et al. 2018 for a more fulsome description of these and related environmental health 'fields of practice'), here we point to the need for urgent actions that: 1) recognize the interconnected nature of human and ecological systems, and 2) provide co-benefits that are good for people and the planet. In the wake of nearly 50 years of robust evidence on human-induced environmental change-actions that accelerate harmful ecological change (e.g. ocean acidification, climate change, biodiversity loss) (IPCC, n.d.; Millennium Assessment Board 2005)there remains a gulf in actions which effectively redress these challenges. To date, actions that are occurring are too little, too late. Suddenly, in the wake of public health emergency orders that sought to limit the movement of human populations to reduce virus transmission, COVID-19 control measures reduced global travel, and environmentalists were cautiously optimistic that this 'pause' in emissions could have positive environmental implications. For example, air quality improved in many localities and likely averted thousands of premature deaths; yet our overall reduction to GHGs that cause climate change was only in the realm of about 7% (Reilly, Henry Chen, and Jacoby 2021). These actions, though unprecedented, made only a temporary difference and were not on a scale that moves the needle on redressing climate change. As economies seek to roar back into action, there is little evidence of the will and intent to integrate the principles of transformative sustainability and social justice into 'restart plans', even though stark social and global inequities deepened during the pandemic and significant environmental events are cascading (UNEP, 2020; Whitmee et al. 2015). How can eco-social approaches to public health generate positive momentum in protecting and promoting health from the local to planetary level for current and future generations? Eco-social approaches are those that which attend to the reciprocal relationship between ecological and social change, and which prioritize rapid planetary-scale transitions to promote human health and societal stability (Hancock 2015; Parkes et al. 2020). This thinking is embedded in the need for "supportive environments" as identified by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, and yet health promotion has yet to fully
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls {Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls {Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H 13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype HI 3 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nudeotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H 13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease. RESUMEN. Virus de la influenza aviar H13 circulante en gaviotas de Delaware (Larus dekwarensis) en la parte sur de Ontario, Canada.
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, 2021
Research translation to affect policy and practice
COVID-19 and Similar Futures, 2021
In this chapter, we address what is currently thought to be the environmental origins (and conseq... more In this chapter, we address what is currently thought to be the environmental origins (and consequences) of COVID-19, from the “wet markets” of Wuhan, China, to the clearing skies over major cities around the world, from the vastly unequal realities of urban (and rural) spread and containment to the reconfiguration of urban space, climate justice, and energy futures amid efforts to “save” or “reconfigure” the economy. In addition to telling the “front story” of the pandemic’s emergence and impact as it pertains to what is commonly referred to as “the environment,” we draw on several key lenses for understanding the “backstory.” We close with reflections on what many are calling a “fork in the road”—contested decisions being taken about how far to “bounce back” to “normal” versus “bouncing forward” to a more socially and ecologically sustainable future.
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2021
Avian Diseases, 2010
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype H13 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nucleotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease.
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2009
Objective-To characterize the effects of propofol administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg (4.5 and 9 mg/l... more Objective-To characterize the effects of propofol administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg (4.5 and 9 mg/lb) via the supravertebral venous sinus in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta). Design-Prospective, masked randomized crossover study. Animals-10 adult female red-eared sliders. Procedures-Propofol was administered via the supravertebral sinus. Skeletal muscle tone of neck, forelimbs, hind limbs, and tail; heart rate; palpebral, corneal, and tap reflexes; response to deep pain; and spontaneous movement were recorded. Results-Mean induction times were 1.7 ± 2.4 minutes and 0.9 ± 1.4 minutes at propofol doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Significant differences between the 2 doses were found in anesthetic duration, duration of the plateau phase, and time to recovery of skeletal muscle tone. A greater proportion of turtles in 20 mg/kg trials had loss of palpebral reflexes and sensation of deep pain, whereas corneal and spinal reflexes remained highly conserved at both doses. No significant differences were detected in time to maximal loss of skeletal muscle tone or in time to loss or recovery of reflexes. Total anesthetic times were 63.2 ± 23.8 minutes and 90.5 ± 32.3 minutes for 10 and 20 mg/kg trials, respectively. Heart rates remained constant between 30 and 40 beats/min with both doses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Propofol administration via the supravertebral sinus was a rapid and reliable means of achieving anesthesia in healthy red-eared sliders. Doses of 10 to 20 mg/kg should be adequate for short procedures or for induction prior to inhalation anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;234:390-393)
Avian diseases, 2010
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype H13 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nucleotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease.
A presentation made to secondary students from the Institute of Global Solutions, BC discussing r... more A presentation made to secondary students from the Institute of Global Solutions, BC discussing root causes of zoonotic disease spillover from an health equity lens
1 views
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2021
Since the emergence of the SARS-COV2 pandemic, numerous scholars have highlighted the inextricabl... more Since the emergence of the SARS-COV2 pandemic, numerous scholars have highlighted the inextricable relationships between pandemic emergence and human civilization's unhealthy relationship with the environment. Baybutt and Dooris (2021), highlight five possible strategies for engaging with the complexity of the pandemic and the role of public health therein. One recommendation is to leverage the potential of eco-social approaches to public health such as OneHealth, Ecohealth and Planetary Health. In this commentary, we seek to build on this recommendation. While a full review of these concepts is beyond the scope of this commentary (readers can see Buse et al., 2018; Oestreicher et al. 2018 for a more fulsome description of these and related environmental health 'fields of practice'), here we point to the need for urgent actions that: 1) recognize the interconnected nature of human and ecological systems, and 2) provide co-benefits that are good for people and the planet. In the wake of nearly 50 years of robust evidence on human-induced environmental change-actions that accelerate harmful ecological change (e.g. ocean acidification, climate change, biodiversity loss) (IPCC, n.d.; Millennium Assessment Board 2005)there remains a gulf in actions which effectively redress these challenges. To date, actions that are occurring are too little, too late. Suddenly, in the wake of public health emergency orders that sought to limit the movement of human populations to reduce virus transmission, COVID-19 control measures reduced global travel, and environmentalists were cautiously optimistic that this 'pause' in emissions could have positive environmental implications. For example, air quality improved in many localities and likely averted thousands of premature deaths; yet our overall reduction to GHGs that cause climate change was only in the realm of about 7% (Reilly, Henry Chen, and Jacoby 2021). These actions, though unprecedented, made only a temporary difference and were not on a scale that moves the needle on redressing climate change. As economies seek to roar back into action, there is little evidence of the will and intent to integrate the principles of transformative sustainability and social justice into 'restart plans', even though stark social and global inequities deepened during the pandemic and significant environmental events are cascading (UNEP, 2020; Whitmee et al. 2015). How can eco-social approaches to public health generate positive momentum in protecting and promoting health from the local to planetary level for current and future generations? Eco-social approaches are those that which attend to the reciprocal relationship between ecological and social change, and which prioritize rapid planetary-scale transitions to promote human health and societal stability (Hancock 2015; Parkes et al. 2020). This thinking is embedded in the need for "supportive environments" as identified by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, and yet health promotion has yet to fully
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls {Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls {Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H 13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype HI 3 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nudeotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H 13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease. RESUMEN. Virus de la influenza aviar H13 circulante en gaviotas de Delaware (Larus dekwarensis) en la parte sur de Ontario, Canada.
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, 2021
Research translation to affect policy and practice
COVID-19 and Similar Futures, 2021
In this chapter, we address what is currently thought to be the environmental origins (and conseq... more In this chapter, we address what is currently thought to be the environmental origins (and consequences) of COVID-19, from the “wet markets” of Wuhan, China, to the clearing skies over major cities around the world, from the vastly unequal realities of urban (and rural) spread and containment to the reconfiguration of urban space, climate justice, and energy futures amid efforts to “save” or “reconfigure” the economy. In addition to telling the “front story” of the pandemic’s emergence and impact as it pertains to what is commonly referred to as “the environment,” we draw on several key lenses for understanding the “backstory.” We close with reflections on what many are calling a “fork in the road”—contested decisions being taken about how far to “bounce back” to “normal” versus “bouncing forward” to a more socially and ecologically sustainable future.
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2021
Avian Diseases, 2010
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype H13 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nucleotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease.
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2009
Objective-To characterize the effects of propofol administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg (4.5 and 9 mg/l... more Objective-To characterize the effects of propofol administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg (4.5 and 9 mg/lb) via the supravertebral venous sinus in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta). Design-Prospective, masked randomized crossover study. Animals-10 adult female red-eared sliders. Procedures-Propofol was administered via the supravertebral sinus. Skeletal muscle tone of neck, forelimbs, hind limbs, and tail; heart rate; palpebral, corneal, and tap reflexes; response to deep pain; and spontaneous movement were recorded. Results-Mean induction times were 1.7 ± 2.4 minutes and 0.9 ± 1.4 minutes at propofol doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Significant differences between the 2 doses were found in anesthetic duration, duration of the plateau phase, and time to recovery of skeletal muscle tone. A greater proportion of turtles in 20 mg/kg trials had loss of palpebral reflexes and sensation of deep pain, whereas corneal and spinal reflexes remained highly conserved at both doses. No significant differences were detected in time to maximal loss of skeletal muscle tone or in time to loss or recovery of reflexes. Total anesthetic times were 63.2 ± 23.8 minutes and 90.5 ± 32.3 minutes for 10 and 20 mg/kg trials, respectively. Heart rates remained constant between 30 and 40 beats/min with both doses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Propofol administration via the supravertebral sinus was a rapid and reliable means of achieving anesthesia in healthy red-eared sliders. Doses of 10 to 20 mg/kg should be adequate for short procedures or for induction prior to inhalation anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;234:390-393)
Avian diseases, 2010
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) was studied in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on Lake Erie in 2000, and two on Lake Ontario in both 2000 and 2004. Antibodies to H13 AIV were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. Antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. In 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. Geometric mean antibody titers at 3 and 5 wk did not differ in 2000, but increased significantly at one colony in 2004. In 2000, overall prevalence of AIV isolation from cloaca in embryonated chicken eggs was 32% (3 wk old), 13% (5 wk old), and 0 (adults), but AIV was also isolated from kidney and lung in a high proportion of tissues cultured from 3-wk-old birds in one colony. Isolates from cloaca were characterized as subtype H13 by serology; all 15 tested for neuraminidase were H13N6. However, three AIV detections considered on the basis of nucleotide sequence to be subtype H16 were among the 28 detected retrospectively by PCR in archived cloacal swabs; the remainder were subtype H13. Outcome of virus isolation was not related to presence of antibody titers in chicks. The presence of antibody to AIV in chicks was associated significantly with inflammation in heart, kidney, pancreas, and liver. AIV was not isolated in 2004. AIV infected chicks annually within the first 3 wk of life, ultimately infecting the majority of birds in most colonies, but did not appear to cause clinical disease.