João Lanzinha | Universidade da Beira Interior (original) (raw)

Papers by João Lanzinha

Solar

Africa has abundant solar resources but only 2% of its current capacity is generated from renewab... more Africa has abundant solar resources but only 2% of its current capacity is generated from renewable sources. Photovoltaics (PV) offer sustainable, decentralized electricity access to meet development needs. This review synthesizes the recent literature on PV in Africa, with a focus on Mozambique. The 10 most cited studies highlight the optimization of technical components, such as storage and bifacial modules, and challenges in integrating large-scale PV. Case studies demonstrated Mozambique’s potential for PV applications in water heating, irrigation, and rural electrification. These benefits include reduced emissions and energy access. However, barriers, such as high costs, lack of infrastructure, and training, exist. While solar cookers are insufficient, thermal systems have unrealized potential. Mozambique’s urban and rural electrification rates are 57% and 13%, respectively, despite its energy resources. Targeted policies, financing, and community engagement are essential for p...

Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra... more Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra sólo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Los editores no se hacen responsables del material aportado por los distintos autores.

Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Open access publication by Atena... more Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Open access publication by Atena Editora Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica. A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.

Frontiers in Built Environment, Sep 23, 2022

Energies, Dec 2, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Cities, Jul 1, 2021

Abstract The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to urbanism and climate ... more Abstract The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to urbanism and climate change. First, an overview of climate change policies is presented. A review of articles published in recent years that examine the various research subareas related to urbanism climate change and the present pandemic situation is performed. The concepts of green and biophilic urbanism have been growing and getting strength, as a holistic concept for tomorrows sustainable urban areas based on the consistent and safe use of energy, soil, water, green spaces, materials, and mobility. These new trends are based on social needs, with integrated strategies and policies that combine adaptation and mitigation to face urban growth's negative impact. The review focused on articles published in the last 20 years with the keywords “urbanism” and “climate change”. This literature review became evident that there is a gap in urban studies about interdisciplinary research.

In this study we aimed to determine the mechanisms of deterioration of the wall covering used in ... more In this study we aimed to determine the mechanisms of deterioration of the wall covering used in the construction of the Basilica of St Augustine in Annaba in Algeria. The wall coating is regarded as the outer skin of any construction, therefore most exposed to external aggression of environment especially if the latter is polluted. To determine the degree of deterioration of the wall covering with respect to its composition chemical and mineralogical, laboratory analysis (dry weight of the unit, water absorption, effective porosity, SEM imaging, X-ray spectrometry, microbiological analysis) were performed on samples taken from the building, these were supplemented by observations on site. The main cause of the observed deterioration is due to significant pollution presence of sodium chloride, its presence is particularly localized in an area rich in calcium carbonate. The porosity is locally very important, form of interconnected vacuoles. Thereof constitute a plane of weakness and may partially explain the uniform appearance of the coating.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A avaliação do som em espaços fechados implica a caraterização dos fenómenos decorrentes da propa... more A avaliação do som em espaços fechados implica a caraterização dos fenómenos decorrentes da propagação som. Neste sentido, a adequação da acústica em determinado edifício remete para o conforto humano na utilização do espaço avaliado [Tadeu & Mateus, 2001]. A determinação deste conforto acarreta o levantamento de dados que permitem concluir a qualidade acústica através de parâmetros objetivos e subjetivos [Carvalho & Morgado, 1997]. Os parâmetros acústicos objetivos remetem para dados obtidos da medição do tempo e de energia na produção de som no espaço, permitindo caraterizar o seu desenvolvimento [Pereira, 2010]; enquanto os parâmetros subjetivos remetem para a preferência do Homem de determinadas condições acústicas em prol de outras, relacionando parâmetros arquitetónicos e parâmetros objetivos a questões de caráter sociocultural, e caraterísticas específicas do Homem.

Nowadays we live in a technological, emerged and innovation world, where every day new discoverie... more Nowadays we live in a technological, emerged and innovation world, where every day new discoveries and simple forms of solving our comfort needs are presented. This evolution has counterparts, since energy dependence has been growing in a progressive way, causing elevated consumption of no renewable energies that contributes to lack of resources and the climate changes. In the present, we spend the most part of our time in the buildings, either way for living or for working, demanding comfort standards that economically will be unsupportable. In order to provide convenience, high energy consumption is required and in consequence, the prices of the services will grow. Portugal represents an aged housing stock where buildings are responsible for 40% of total energy consumption. This high consumption is due to the fact that buildings has a dissipative behaviour, since solutions of thermal insulation are not efficiently applied, what makes users to use climatisation systems. This dissertation pretends to inform/rise awareness of different participants on the construction sector and building exploration in order to take a new approach to improve comfort or maintain it but in low cost. Based on "Regulamento Energético de Edifícios de Habitção", there are presented solutions for thermal insulation for the main types of Portuguese building envelopes with application of black agglomerated cork, which's an excellent material and also abundant in our country, that promotes sustainability. In order to make easier the practice of improvement solutions, it was created a catalogue with possibility of integration in the mobile application "Pocket Enginner" that is simple to use. Depending on the climatic zone where the building is located, it will provide information about thickness of black agglomerated cork in thermal insulation for the building facades, pavement and roof, which is necessary to improve the level of quality in order to preserve the internal heat of buildings, in that way providing a thermal comfort and reducing the cost os energy associated to use of heating and air conditioning equipment. It is intended to contribute for rehabilitation of Portuguese buildings in order to improve demanded comfort, reduce energy consumption and atmospheric pollution levels in order to take Portugal to accomplish the reducing of greenhouse gases emissions, promoting sustainability.

Gestão e Gerenciamento, 2018

Open Engineering, 2016

Engineering is a driving force for economic development, which leads to a need for innovation and... more Engineering is a driving force for economic development, which leads to a need for innovation and new insights in all engineering fields. This special issue is intended to foster the dissemination of the state-ofthe-art in the broad areas of electrical and computer engineering, civil and environmental engineering, mechanical and aerospace engineering, material science and engineering. This special issue contains revised selected papers presented at the International Conference on Engineering (ICEUBI 2015), which was held in Covilhã, Portugal, December 2-4, 2015. This conference was organized by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, in cooperation with the Order of Engineers of Portugal and the City Hall of Covilhã. This conference edition follows the success of seven previous conference editions that have become a reference in the field of engineering in Portugal. The set of papers presented in this special issue was carefully selected as the best papers accepted for presentation in the conference. As a result of the conference review process, a total of 216 papers were accepted for oral or poster presentation in 40 technical sessions. Each paper was reviewed by at least two members of the Scientific Committee or by external peer reviewers in a double-blind review format. The best paper written in English of each session was selected by the Guest Editors, after a careful assessment based on the Reviewers comments and ratings. We believe this selected set of revised papers will make a significant contribution in the broad fields of engineering above mentioned. We would like to take this opportunity to warmly thank all of the authors who submitted their valuable papers to the conference. We are grateful to the members of the Scientific Committee and to the numerous reviewers. Without their support, the organization of a high-quality conference program and the selection of this set of papers would not have been possible. We are also indebted to the many individuals and organizations that made this event happen, namely to our staff, who handled the logistics and worked to make this meeting a success, and to the technical and financial sponsors. We hope you will find this special issue, a useful and timely document for presenting new ideas, results and recent findings in the broad fields of electrical and computer engineering, civil and environmental engineering, mechanical and aerospace engineering, material science and engineering.

Energy and Buildings, 2016

Tabique construction is part of the Portuguese heritage and similar techniques are applied worldw... more Tabique construction is part of the Portuguese heritage and similar techniques are applied worldwide. Therefore, research works developed on this field may be an added value to future retrofitting processes. In this context, an experimental analysis of the thermal behaviour of three different solutions of tabique walls is presented. These solutions are an uncoated tabique wall, a tabique wall coated with schist tiles and a tabique wall coated with schist tiles and thermally retrofitted with the application of a current insulation material. The obtained experimental results may give a contribution to better understand the thermal behaviour of this type of traditional building elements and also to help future studies focused on achieving energy efficiency solutions to be applied in this context. It was concluded that a simple tabique wall has adequate thermal behaviour for current applications, that coating this building element with a schist tiles layer improves its thermal insulation ability and adding a current thermal insulation material is possible and thermally efficient.

Urban Resilience and Sustainability

Today there are new concerns that housing research seeks to anticipate: the relationship between ... more Today there are new concerns that housing research seeks to anticipate: the relationship between housing and health, the definition of methodologies for assessing risks to occupants and the guarantee of indoor air quality, among other areas that increasingly require a transdisciplinary approach. Today's urban centers are made up of many current buildings that reveal constructive trends from various eras, the expression of aesthetic and cultural movements, economic and administrative policies, the evolution of empirical and scientific knowledge, the availability of local materials and geographical specifics, territorial and climatic. This implies a rehabilitation of buildings and urban centers with a clear commitment to respect for history, constructive tradition and heritage passed on to us by previous generations. A more promising and sustainable future requires it.

This paper intends to highlight the interest of the implementation of new concepts of teaching an... more This paper intends to highlight the interest of the implementation of new concepts of teaching and learning practices and present a practical application example in the domains of real estate evaluation, quality and rehabilitation of buildings, with special emphasis on current housing. In an initial phase of the paper the recent importance of the topic will be mentioned and a brief history will be made of the teaching of the concepts related to the pathology, conservation and rehabilitation of buildings in Portuguese institutions of higher education in recent years. Following, we intend to present the practical example of organization and implementation of the curricular unit Evaluation, Quality and Rehabilitation of Buildings in the course of Integrated Master in Civil Engineering of the University of Beira Interior in Portugal, referring the objectives and contents, the functioning and organization of the classes, the pedagogical practices implemented, the assessment methods and also be presenting some examples of developed works.

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2020

This paper presents a retrospective on housing policy in Brazil in the last century, addressing r... more This paper presents a retrospective on housing policy in Brazil in the last century, addressing regulations, laws, decrees and some technical standards (Brazilian and Portuguese) regarding rehabilitation of buildings to improve the technical performance (thermal, acoustic, luminaire, among other aspects) of the dwellings. In this context, it is observed that indoor air quality is essential to the health of the occupants, since in many countries people spend much of their day inside their homes, a place that due to many social and economic factors does not present satisfactory conditions for maintaining good health. Studies also show that most buildings do not have the minimum conditions necessary for good technical performance according to legislation, in times of remarkable climate change, thus having to raise awareness of the problem in various sectors of society by incorporating strategies or action plans aimed at transformation of environments into smart spaces, favoring the health and well-being of its occupants.

Solar

Frontiers in Built Environment, Sep 23, 2022

Energies, Dec 2, 2022

Cities, Jul 1, 2021

Gestão e Gerenciamento, 2018

Open Engineering, 2016

Energy and Buildings, 2016

Urban Resilience and Sustainability

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2020

41st IAHS WORLD CONGRESS Sustainability and Innovation for the Future, 2016

The Alto Douro Wine Region, located in the northeast of Portugal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, p... more The Alto Douro Wine Region, located in the northeast of Portugal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, presents an abundant tabique building heritage, a traditional vernacular building technology. A technology based on a timber framed structure filled with a composite earth-based material. Meanwhile, previous research works have revealed that, principally in rural areas, this Portuguese heritage presents signs of marked deterioration because of the rareness of conservation and strengthening works, which is partly related to the non-engineered character of this technology and to the growing phenomenon of rural to urban migration. Those aspects associated with the lack of scientific studies related to this technology motivated the writing of this paper, whose main purpose is the physical and chemical characterization of the earth-based material applied in the tabique buildings of that region. Consequently, an experimental work was conducted and the results obtained allowed, among others, the proposal of a particle size distribution envelope in respect to this material and also the proposal of a series of adequate expeditious tests. This information will provide the means to assess the suitability of a given earth-based material in regard to this technology. The knowledge from this study could be very useful for the development of future normative documents and as a reference for architects and engineers that work with earth to guide and regulate future conservation, rehabilitation or construction processes helping to preserve this fabulous legacy.

One of the most traditional Portuguese building techniques is tabique. In Portugal the tabique co... more One of the most traditional Portuguese building techniques is tabique. In Portugal the tabique construction is spread out along different parts of the country, however in the Alto Douro Wine Region, Figure 1-a), which is included in the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Region, both located in the interior Northern of Portugal, this traditional building technique had a significant incidence until early XX and started to be in disuse when reinforced concrete and industrial ceramic bricks were introduced. Furthermore, a particular attention must be done to the landscape and vernacular architecture present in the Alto Douro Wine Region since it classification in the UNESCO’s World Heritage Site List in December 2001 as an ‘evolved continuing cultural landscape’, depend on it, Fig. 1-b). Previous research work done by Pinto et al. [1] on this region indicates that the majority of tabique constructions are detached houses with two storeys that have stone masonry as exterior walls at the ground floor level, and tabique exterior and partition walls at the first floor. Nevertheless, this heritage presents an advanced stage of deterioration and conservation and rehabilitation works are urgently needed. This paper is intended to give guidance in future rehabilitation and conservation works and to fill the lack of scientific studies done on this region. Based in a fieldwork performed by Cardoso [2] in that region, nails collected from those tabique buildings are identified and characterized geometrically, mechanically and chemically.

Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth, wood and s... more Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth, wood and stone as building materials. In general, a tabique building component as a wall is formed by a timber structure more or less complex connected by metal nails and filled with an earth based material. The nails have an important role in this system because they are the unique elements that ensure the mechanical connection between the timber components. The Alto Douro Wine Region, Figure 1, located in the interior of northern Portugal, added to the UNESCO’s Word Heritage Sites List in December 2001 as an ‘evolved continuing cultural landscape’, is rich in terms of tabique heritage constructions. Previous research works in that region have shown that the existing tabique construction shows a generalized advanced stage of deterioration and an urgent need of rehabilitation. This aspect associated to the lack of scientific studies on this construction technique in that region motivated the realization of a fieldwork performed by Cardoso [1] in the Alto Douro Wine Region, which among other allowed characterizing geometrically, mechanically and chemically the nails presents in tabique elements. In this paper, we intend to analyse the importance of nail modelling in the evaluation of the overall mechanical behaviour of tabique walls components. Two numerical models are proposed to perform the tabique wall numerical analyses. This work intends also to guide and regulate future conservation, rehabilitation and construction processes helping to preserve this important legacy.

A taipa, o adobe e o tabique são as técnicas construtivas tradicionais Portuguesas mais relevante... more A taipa, o adobe e o tabique são as técnicas construtivas tradicionais Portuguesas mais relevantes em que a terra é aplicada como material de construção. Sendo a terra um material de construção então necessita de ser seleccionada aquando da sua aplicação em obra. Esse processo de selecção assenta em procedimentos experimentais que visam caracterizar materialmente a terra. No contexto da taipa e do adobe, é comum recorrer-se à realização de um conjunto diversificado de ensaios não normalizados que permitam delinear algumas conclusões sobre a aptidão da terra como material de construção. Esses ensaios de caracterização qualitativa da terra são expeditos, económicos, céleres, podem ser executados em obra e não necessitam de mão-de-obra especializada, nem de equipamentos ou de meios sofisticados e específicos. Este conjunto de características torna estes ensaios muito apelativos no contexto de um cenário de obra de manutenção, de conservação, de reabilitação e/ou de reforço. A granulometria, a plasticidade, a composição química e a composição mineralógica são características materiais que importa conhecer para auxiliar o processo de selecção da terra a utilizar em obra. Os ensaios de peneiração e de sedimentação são os ensaios normalizados mais correntemente aplicados no estudo da análise granulométrica da terra. Por sua vez, no contexto da taipa e do adobe, os ensaios de avaliação qualitativa da granulometria, aparentemente não normalizados, que são mais frequentemente referenciados na literatura da especialidade [1-3] são o ensaio de identificação táctil e visual, o ensaio de caracterização por tamanho das partículas, o ensaio visual por peneiração expedita, o ensaio da mordidela e o ensaio da lavagem das mãos. No respeitante à avaliação da plasticidade da terra, o ensaio o ensaio normalizado mais frequentemente utilizado corresponde à determinação dos limites de Atterberg. Paralelamente, a literatura da especialidade também sugere frequentemente a aplicação de outros ensaios alternativos que permitem avaliar de forma qualitativa a plasticidade da terra e dos quais se destacam o ensaio do brilho, o ensaio da queda da bola, o ensaio da aderência, o ensaio da exsudação, o ensaio da resistência seca, o ensaio do cordão e o ensaio da fita. Relativamente à identificação das composições química e mineralógica elementares da terra, a análise SEM/EDS e a análise de difracção de raios X são duas técnicas experimentais rigorosas aplicadas, respectivamente para o estudo de cada uma das composições. Em termos da avaliação qualitativa das composições química e mineralógica da terra, o ensaio do cheiro ou o ensaio da observação da cor podem ser utlizados na avaliação da existência de matéria orgânica. Por sua vez, o ensaio do ácido pode ser utilizado na aferição da existência de cal. Tal como foi referido, os ensaios não normalizados identificados anteriormente são amplamente utilizados na construção de adobe e de taipa. Em contraste, ainda não existe muita informação técnica publicada que indique que estes ensaios também têm sido utlizados com essa frequência no processo de selecção da terra a aplicar na

O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais portuguesas que recorre à aplicação da ter... more O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais portuguesas que recorre à aplicação da terra e madeira como materiais de construção. De forma simplificada, um elemento construtivo de tabique, tal como uma parede, é constituído por uma estrutura de madeira formada por tábuas verticais ligadas entre si por um fasquio (ripas horizontais) através de pregos. Este sistema estrutural é revestido em ambas as faces por uma argamassa bastarda à base de terra. A região vinhateira do Alto Douro em Portugal, classificada património mundial da UNESCO desde Dezembro de 2001, apresenta um importante espólio de construção de tabique. Contudo, as construções de tabique existentes nesta região apresentam um estado de degradação avançado. Este cenário construtivo e a escassez de estudos científicos desenvolvidos neste contexto motivou a realização deste trabalho de investigação cujos objetivos principais consistiram na caracterização do estado de conservação das construções de tabique, localizados no concelho de Lamego na região vinhateira do Alto Douro e na apresentação de obras de conservação restauro e reabilitação realizados neste concelho. Deste modo pretende-se dar um contributo no sentido de incentivar a conservação e reabilitação deste tipo de edifícios tendo em vista preservar este património construído.

O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais da arquitectura portuguesa que recorre à a... more O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais da arquitectura portuguesa que recorre à aplicação de materiais naturais tais como a terra e a madeira. Podem se encontrar vestígios desta técnica construtiva um pouco em todo o território continental de Portugal. A região vinhateira do Alto Douro em Portugal, classificada património mundial da UNESCO desde Dezembro de 2001, apresenta um importante espólio de construção de tabique. No entanto esta técnica construtiva caiu em desuso desde meados do século XX com a introdução massiva do betão armado e dos materiais cerâmicos. As construções existentes são centenárias e apresentam um estado de degradação avançado em virtude de terem sido sujeitas a relativamente poucas intervenções de reabilitação e conservação. Esta realidade é em parte justificado pela ausência de conhecimentos técnicos e de estudos científicos necessários para levar a cabo este tipo de obras. Este cenário motivou a escrita deste artigo cujo objetivo principal consiste na caracterização dos edifícios de tabique localizados no concelho de Lamego na região vinhateira do Alto Douro. Deste modo pretende-se divulgar informação técnica no sentido de incentivar a conservação e reabilitação destas construções tendo em vista a preservação deste importante património.

REABILITAÇÃO DE EDIFÍCIOS - METODOLOGIA DE DIAGNÓSTICO E INTERVENÇÃO, 2013

Tendo em consideração o estado de degradação que a generalidade dos edifícios apresenta, a situaç... more Tendo em consideração o estado de degradação que a generalidade dos edifícios apresenta, a situação actual do nosso parque habitacional é muito preocupante. Mesmo os edifícios recentes apresentam desde a sua entrada em serviço problemas de funcionamento e patologias precoces, engrossando as necessidades de intervenção.
Este trabalho pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da situação e para a definição de metodologias inovadoras de inspecção e diagnóstico, complementadas com a utilização de estratégias e ferramentas adequadas para promover as intervenções necessárias, com a qualidade pretendida.
Desenvolve-se e estrutura-se uma nova metodologia exigencial, apoiada numa aplicação informática denominada MEXREB, explicando-se as condições de aplicabilidade, o conceito de envolvente, as exigências a satisfazer pelos diferentes elementos construtivos e os procedimentos a seguir no processo de avaliação e decisão, conjugando a inspecção visual, a avaliação exigencial e a realização de inquérito aos residentes.
Analisam-se os resultados da aplicação desta nova metodologia a um conjunto de edifícios de habitação multi-familiares. Exemplifica-se a aplicação a um destes edifícios, contemplando a descrição da introdução de dados na aplicação informática e a apresentação do respectivo relatório de avaliação final. Estrutura-se uma base de dados com os custos reais dos trabalhos de intervenção na reabilitação da envolvente dos edifícios de habitação, inserida numa aplicação informática de apoio, denominada ESTIMA, com informação que não se encontrava disponível em qualquer publicação científica ou comercial, pelo menos no nosso país. Pela primeira vez obtém-se informação relevante relativamente às despesas de funcionamento e às contribuições dos diferentes proprietários para os fundos de reserva dos condomínios, demonstrando a necessidade de instituir mecanismos para consolidar estes fundos.
O contributo mais importante do trabalho consiste na criação do conceito de avaliação exigencial dos elementos da envolvente, aplicável a edifícios de habitação de estrutura porticada, tipologia construtiva característica dos edifícios construídos entre 1970 e 2000. Esta lógica exigencial pretende tornar a avaliação e inspecção de edifícios menos subjectiva e de carácter universal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE - Reabilitação de edifícios, Metodologias de diagnóstico; Avaliação Exigencial
ABSTRACT

Considering the degradation aspect that the buildings reveal, the current situation of the Portuguese housing park is very concerning. Even the most recent buildings present operation problems and early defects, which increase the needs of intervention.
This work intends to contribute for a better knowledge of the situation and for the definition of innovative methodologies of inspection and diagnosis, supported by the use of strategies and appropriate tools to promote the necessary interventions, with the intended quality.
First, a new performance-based methodology is developed and structured through a computer programme named MEXREB. Then, the conditions of applicability and the concept of building envelope are also explained. Next, the different requirements for constructive elements and quality levels are established. At last, the procedures to run the evaluation process and decision are defined, combining visual inspection with performance-based evaluation and residents’inquiries.
The work reports the analysis made of a group multi-family buildings. The application to a multi-family building is exemplified, including the description of introductory data in the programme as well as the presentation of a final report. Besides, a database was created with real costs of intervention in the building envelope and it was inserted in a computer programme, named ESTIMA, which outputs the estimated cost for building rehabilitation. This kind of information hasn’t been available in any scientific or commercial publication (at least in our country). For the first time, relevant information was collected concerning the building operation expenses and different owners’ contributions to reserve funds of the condominium, showing the need to introduce mechanisms which consolidate these funds.
The most important innovation of this work consists of creating the performance-based evaluation concept of the building envelope elements, used in framed buildings, characteristics in the period between 1970 and 2000. This performance-based logic intends to make building inspection and evaluation less subjective and of universal use.

KEY-WORDS – Building rehabilitation; Building inspection methodologies; Performance-based evaluation