Rui Cardoso | Universidade da Beira Interior (original) (raw)

Papers by Rui Cardoso

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, Apr 10, 2020

KnE Engineering, 2020

Hausmannian buildings architecture spreads throughout the city of Paris. These buildings were con... more Hausmannian buildings architecture spreads throughout the city of Paris. These buildings were constructed in the 19th century, being presently centenarians. However, they present several pathologies which prevent their adequate use, moreover, an update regarding users security, sound, thermal and fire requirements is, among others, urgently needed. Additionally, there is presently, in Paris, an increasing demand for hotel rooms. For those previous reasons, Hausmannian buildings are presently submitted to heavy operations related to rehabilitation, strengthening, use change and conservation. In this paper, rehabilitation and strengthening works presently carried out in those buildings are described. This description is the result of a technical survey on several Hausmannian building construction sites which occurred between 2015 and 2018. The knowledge from this study should be very useful for the development of sustainable rehabilitation and strengthening techniques and guidelines, ...

Open Engineering, 2016

Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use raw materials as ... more Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use raw materials as stone, earth andwood. In general, a tabique building component as a wall consist of a wooden structure made up of vertical boards connected to laths by metal nails and covered on both sides by an earth based material. This traditional building technology as an expressive incidence in the Alto Douro Wine Region located in the interior of Northern Portugal, added to the UNESCO’s Word Heritage Sites List in December 2001 as an ‘evolved continuing cultural landscape’. Furthermore, previous research works have shown that the existing tabique construction, in this region, reveals a certain lack of maintenance partially justified by the knowledge loosed on that technique, consequently this construction technique present an advanced stage of deterioration. This aspect associated to the fact that there is still a lack of scientific studies in this field motivated the writing of this paper, the ma...

WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development

Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth as a buildi... more Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth as a building material. In general, a tabique building component is formed by a simple timber structure covered by an earth based mortar on both sides. The mortar has an important role in this system because it protects the internal timber structure as well as it is a coating. Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, is the northeast region of Portugal and it is rich in terms of tabique heritage construction. Meanwhile, previous research works have shown that the ...

… International Conference on Textile Composites and …, 2005

Cable structures are commonly studied with simplified analytical equations. The evaluation of the... more Cable structures are commonly studied with simplified analytical equations. The evaluation of the accuracy of these equations, in terms of equilibrium geometry configuration and stress distribution was performed for standard cables examples. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (hereafter FEA) procedure based on geometry-dependent stiffness coefficients was developed. The FEA follows a classical procedure in finite element programs, which uses an iterative algorithm, in terms of displacements. The theory is based on a total Lagrange ...

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, 2016

The Alto Douro Wine Region, a region located in the northeast of Portugal, presents an abundant b... more The Alto Douro Wine Region, a region located in the northeast of Portugal, presents an abundant building heritage which consists of tabique constructions, a vernacular construction technology. This technology uses raw materials such as stone, an earth-based material and wood, besides metal nail sensure the timber connections and the required structural safety. Previous research works have shown that most of the existing tabique buildings, in this region, present signs of marked deterioration and some of them are clearly near collapse. This reality is justified, among others, by the non-engineered character of this construction technology and subsequent loss through time of the associated empirical technical knowledge, consequently, conservation and repairing works are urgently needed. These aspects, added to the dearth of knowledge related to this building heritage have motivated this research work which is focused on studying the nails traditionally applied in those tabique buildin...

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2018

Haussmann buildings architecture spread throughout the city of Paris. Nevertheless, those buildin... more Haussmann buildings architecture spread throughout the city of Paris. Nevertheless, those buildings are nowadays submitted to heavy operations of use change, conservation and rehabilitation, justified by several reasons, among others are building aging and the increasing demand for hotel rooms in Paris. In this paper, a structural and material characterization of a Haussmann building complex located at La Madeleine in Paris is presented. This characterization is the result of several technical visits realized during construction works stage relative to use change, rehabilitation and strengthening which take place between 2015 and 2017. The present study allows identifying the existing structural system, the materials and the geometry of the principal structural elements in a structural engineering view. The knowledge from this study could be very useful for the development of sustainable rehabilitation and strengthening methodologies, helping at the same time to preserve this import...

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage, 2020

Over time Haussmannian buildings have been continuously subjected to conservation works, particul... more Over time Haussmannian buildings have been continuously subjected to conservation works, particularly considering their age and deterioration level. In recent years, several apartment buildings have been converted into luxury hotels and existing ones have been renovated due to an increasing demand for accommodation resulting in heavy repair, rehabilitation and strengthening works. Haussmannian architecture is an invaluable asset of Paris urban character and distinctiveness and conservation interventions should be carried out accordingly. This paper describes the rehabilitation and strengthening works best practices undertaken during these interventions. In this context, a reference to protection measures to ensure the preservation of buildings registered on the list of historic monuments is done, as well as a reference to regulatory-based and incentive-based programs to prevent abandonment and lack of maintenance. This paper is based on the experience gained during construction projects that the author has worked on. The techniques and methodologies presented in this paper should be considered as good conservation practice and included in maintenance programs, but also to support the development of innovative and sustainable rehabilitation and strengthening techniques, aiming to preserve this important building heritage and similar ones existing in other countries.

KTU - Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020

Existing structures must be adapted to comply with current standards or for space efficiency requ... more Existing structures must be adapted to comply with current standards or for space efficiency requirements. This adaptation may include the need to create openings in existing walls. In load-bearing walls, the introduction of openings modifies locally the loading path, therefore the opening needs to be strengthened. Several strengthening techniques can be applied. In this paper, two strengthening practice solutions, based on the introduction of steel beams and steel portal frames currently applied in Haussmanian buildings and French Alps Ski resorts hotels, are described. Those practice solutions can be applied to openings in walls with different materials and thicknesses and for a high variety of loads, presenting acceptable results along time. The knowledge presented in this work is intended to give guidance to strengthening guidelines definition and at the same time to support and encourage the development of innovating strengthening techniques.

Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2020

In building rehabilitation and strengthening works, the need to create openings in existing walls... more In building rehabilitation and strengthening works, the need to create openings in existing walls is usual. When those walls are load-bearing walls, the loading path is locally altered; therefore it is required to strengthen the vicinity of the new opening. In this paper, two strengthening techniques widely applied to strengthen openings in existing walls are described. Those techniques are structurally different, the first technique makes use of reinforced concrete beams and the second uses externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The concrete beams technique can also be used to underpin structural elements when existing load-bearing walls are completely eliminated. On-site observations have allowed to conclude that good strengthening results can be obtained. Additionally, those construction practices are carried out with a minimum disruption inside the buildings. The main parameters defining the strengthening technique choice are the length of the opening, the material and the width of the existing wall. The loading values acting in existing walls, in principle, have no influence in the strengthening technique choice. The knowledge described in this paper is a first step to promote numerical and laboratory research related to opening strengthening and at the same time to support the development of innovating strengthening techniques.

ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara – International Journal of Engineering , 2019

Deep beam or shear walls are fairly common structural elements in the building construction indus... more Deep beam or shear walls are fairly common structural elements in the building construction industry of countries like France, Germany, Switzerland or Belgique, and thus, since the introduction of concrete structures in the 20 th century. Nevertheless, in Portugal and generally in southern European countries, reinforced concrete frames with a brick masonry infill is the foremost used building construction technique, with some punctually deep beams applications in recent years. Beyond that, Eurocode 2 is now the prevailing code in Europe for the concrete elements design. In the present paper, it is intended to compare the steel reinforcement amount defined for deep beams by the Eurocode 2, which is based in a finite element design approach or in the strut-and-tie model application, with the provisions defined in the French and Portuguese national codes. For the finite element design, a displacement based approach considering an isotropic linear elastic behavior is considered. For each code provisions, the reinforcement steel ratios are obtained and drawings are presented. The results allow understanding the economic impact of Eurocode 2 application in deep beams design.

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, Apr 10, 2020

KnE Engineering, 2020

Open Engineering, 2016

WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development

… International Conference on Textile Composites and …, 2005

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, 2016

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage, 2020

KTU - Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020

Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2020

ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara – International Journal of Engineering , 2019

International Conference on Engineering ICEUBI2019, 2019

41st IAHS WORLD CONGRESS Sustainability and Innovation for the Future, 2016

The Alto Douro Wine Region, located in the northeast of Portugal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, p... more The Alto Douro Wine Region, located in the northeast of Portugal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, presents an abundant tabique building heritage, a traditional vernacular building technology. A technology based on a timber framed structure filled with a composite earth-based material. Meanwhile, previous research works have revealed that, principally in rural areas, this Portuguese heritage presents signs of marked deterioration because of the rareness of conservation and strengthening works, which is partly related to the non-engineered character of this technology and to the growing phenomenon of rural to urban migration. Those aspects associated with the lack of scientific studies related to this technology motivated the writing of this paper, whose main purpose is the physical and chemical characterization of the earth-based material applied in the tabique buildings of that region. Consequently, an experimental work was conducted and the results obtained allowed, among others, the proposal of a particle size distribution envelope in respect to this material and also the proposal of a series of adequate expeditious tests. This information will provide the means to assess the suitability of a given earth-based material in regard to this technology. The knowledge from this study could be very useful for the development of future normative documents and as a reference for architects and engineers that work with earth to guide and regulate future conservation, rehabilitation or construction processes helping to preserve this fabulous legacy.

Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth, wood and s... more Tabique is one of the main Portuguese traditional building techniques which use earth, wood and stone as building materials. In general, a tabique building component as a wall is formed by a timber structure more or less complex connected by metal nails and filled with an earth based material. The nails have an important role in this system because they are the unique elements that ensure the mechanical connection between the timber components. The Alto Douro Wine Region, Figure 1, located in the interior of northern Portugal, added to the UNESCO’s Word Heritage Sites List in December 2001 as an ‘evolved continuing cultural landscape’, is rich in terms of tabique heritage constructions. Previous research works in that region have shown that the existing tabique construction shows a generalized advanced stage of deterioration and an urgent need of rehabilitation. This aspect associated to the lack of scientific studies on this construction technique in that region motivated the realization of a fieldwork performed by Cardoso [1] in the Alto Douro Wine Region, which among other allowed characterizing geometrically, mechanically and chemically the nails presents in tabique elements. In this paper, we intend to analyse the importance of nail modelling in the evaluation of the overall mechanical behaviour of tabique walls components. Two numerical models are proposed to perform the tabique wall numerical analyses. This work intends also to guide and regulate future conservation, rehabilitation and construction processes helping to preserve this important legacy.

One of the most traditional Portuguese building techniques is tabique. In Portugal the tabique co... more One of the most traditional Portuguese building techniques is tabique. In Portugal the tabique construction is spread out along different parts of the country, however in the Alto Douro Wine Region, Figure 1-a), which is included in the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Region, both located in the interior Northern of Portugal, this traditional building technique had a significant incidence until early XX and started to be in disuse when reinforced concrete and industrial ceramic bricks were introduced. Furthermore, a particular attention must be done to the landscape and vernacular architecture present in the Alto Douro Wine Region since it classification in the UNESCO’s World Heritage Site List in December 2001 as an ‘evolved continuing cultural landscape’, depend on it, Fig. 1-b). Previous research work done by Pinto et al. [1] on this region indicates that the majority of tabique constructions are detached houses with two storeys that have stone masonry as exterior walls at the ground floor level, and tabique exterior and partition walls at the first floor. Nevertheless, this heritage presents an advanced stage of deterioration and conservation and rehabilitation works are urgently needed. This paper is intended to give guidance in future rehabilitation and conservation works and to fill the lack of scientific studies done on this region. Based in a fieldwork performed by Cardoso [2] in that region, nails collected from those tabique buildings are identified and characterized geometrically, mechanically and chemically.

O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais da arquitectura portuguesa que recorre à a... more O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais da arquitectura portuguesa que recorre à aplicação de materiais naturais tais como a terra e a madeira. Podem se encontrar vestígios desta técnica construtiva um pouco em todo o território continental de Portugal. A região vinhateira do Alto Douro em Portugal, classificada património mundial da UNESCO desde Dezembro de 2001, apresenta um importante espólio de construção de tabique. No entanto esta técnica construtiva caiu em desuso desde meados do século XX com a introdução massiva do betão armado e dos materiais cerâmicos. As construções existentes são centenárias e apresentam um estado de degradação avançado em virtude de terem sido sujeitas a relativamente poucas intervenções de reabilitação e conservação. Esta realidade é em parte justificado pela ausência de conhecimentos técnicos e de estudos científicos necessários para levar a cabo este tipo de obras. Este cenário motivou a escrita deste artigo cujo objetivo principal consiste na caracterização dos edifícios de tabique localizados no concelho de Lamego na região vinhateira do Alto Douro. Deste modo pretende-se divulgar informação técnica no sentido de incentivar a conservação e reabilitação destas construções tendo em vista a preservação deste importante património.

O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais portuguesas que recorre à aplicação da ter... more O tabique é uma das técnicas construtivas tradicionais portuguesas que recorre à aplicação da terra e madeira como materiais de construção. De forma simplificada, um elemento construtivo de tabique, tal como uma parede, é constituído por uma estrutura de madeira formada por tábuas verticais ligadas entre si por um fasquio (ripas horizontais) através de pregos. Este sistema estrutural é revestido em ambas as faces por uma argamassa bastarda à base de terra. A região vinhateira do Alto Douro em Portugal, classificada património mundial da UNESCO desde Dezembro de 2001, apresenta um importante espólio de construção de tabique. Contudo, as construções de tabique existentes nesta região apresentam um estado de degradação avançado. Este cenário construtivo e a escassez de estudos científicos desenvolvidos neste contexto motivou a realização deste trabalho de investigação cujos objetivos principais consistiram na caracterização do estado de conservação das construções de tabique, localizados no concelho de Lamego na região vinhateira do Alto Douro e na apresentação de obras de conservação restauro e reabilitação realizados neste concelho. Deste modo pretende-se dar um contributo no sentido de incentivar a conservação e reabilitação deste tipo de edifícios tendo em vista preservar este património construído.

Traditional buildings basically include natural and autochthonous construction materials and are ... more Traditional buildings basically include natural and autochthonous construction materials and are built with sustainable construction techniques. The knowledge of these materials's state and construction techniques is required for a proper conservation/renovation work. It is well known that the lack of maintenance is one of the main causes that contribute to the high degree of degradation that the Portuguese traditional buildings unfortunately have. That degradation may even compromise the overall structural integrity of the building thus ...

A região norte de Portugal é rica em construções de tabique. Ainda existe uma escassez de trabalh... more A região norte de Portugal é rica em construções de tabique. Ainda existe uma escassez de trabalhos de investigação que ajudem a compreender melhor este tipo de construção antiga e que auxiliem trabalhos de reabilitação. Um trabalho de investigação tem vindo a ser desenvolvido de forma a documentar os aspectos construtivos relativo às construções de tabique existentes na região de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro ea estudar os materiais construtivos aplicados. Contudo, ainda não foi estudado o material terra existente e de ...