LINETTE SALVO | Universidad del Bio-bio (original) (raw)
Papers by LINETTE SALVO
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Bioresources, Jan 10, 2020
The thermal modification of wood is a potential alternative method for improving wood dimensional... more The thermal modification of wood is a potential alternative method for improving wood dimensional stability and increasing the resistance of wood to decay. However, during thermal modification, morphological changes occur within the microstructure of the cell, and these confer different properties to the wood. This study investigated the effects of the thermal modification process on the microstructure of radiata pine juvenile wood. Therefore, anatomical measurements were performed via optical microscopy in selected earlywood and latewood samples after each treatment, and the results were compared to untreated wood samples. In this study, two temperatures (190 °C and 210 °C) were considered for the thermal modification process. The results showed that the level of temperature of modification affected to microstructure of cell wall. The cell wall thickness decreased as treatment temperature increased, whereas the average lumen diameter increased slightly as temperature increased. Thermally modified radiata pine showed signs of damage (cracks, broken cells and deformations in the wood cell wall). The proportion of destroyed area increased as temperature increased, and significant differences were evident for the thermal treatment at 210 °C.
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, May 24, 2019
In this study, the effects of the wood quality used for thermal modification on the physical and ... more In this study, the effects of the wood quality used for thermal modification on the physical and mechanical properties obtained at two treatment temperatures commonly used at the industrial level were evaluated in order to validate experimentally the pilot scale process for its future industrial scaling. The quality of the input radiata pine refers to the presence of natural defects of wood, as well as the amount of juvenile wood. Selected thermally modified samples were used to measure some quality markers (physical, mechanical, optical) and to find their correlations due to quality or treatment, so as to obtain the best characteristics of the heat-treated products. The results indicated that the quality of the input wood was only relevant to the mild treatment (190 °C), finding an acceptable correlation between the weight loss and the quality used (first quality). After both treatments, the order of anisotropy was kept and the dimensional changes were significantly reduced; thus, the weight loss during treatment did not dramatically affect its anatomical structure. Clustering the data by statistical procedures was possible to observe that samples of lower quality were ordered according to the treatment temperature, indicating a strong influence of the treatment on the properties obtained. The mechanical properties revealed that up to 190 °C the chemical changes that occur on wood affected positively the values (MOE increased by about 15-32% and MOR slightly decreased < 5%). The thermal profile of the treated samples was comparable, suggesting that the dehydration reactions were more significant for the obtained properties than the chemical changes. Moreover, the browning effect was more stable in the samples treated at 210 °C after artificial weathering cycles, being a positive outcome that could extend the service life of the thermally modified products.
Bioresources, May 8, 2020
Wood drying is an important process for adding value and manufacturing innovative products. Eucal... more Wood drying is an important process for adding value and manufacturing innovative products. Eucalyptus nitens wood is inherently difficult to dry because of its natural propensity for checking as well as collapse and shrinkage. Lumber recovery after industrial drying of eucalypts is also very low. This study measured the wood quality of E. nitens juvenile wood (13 mm thickness) after radio-frequency vacuum (RFV) drying and wood dried in a conventional kiln dryer (KD). Drying cycles were performed using a radio frequency vacuum dryer with a 3 m 3 of capacity and convective kilndryer equipment with a 3.5 m 3 of capacity. The results showed that the drying time using the radio frequency vacuum method was reduced by 47% when compared to conventional kiln drying. The shrinkage was significantly lower in the RFV than in the conventional KD. The volumetric collapse decreased by approximately 60% in the RFV drying. RFV drying of E. nitens juvenile wood improves the wood quality for solid wood products because the intensity of surface checking and collapse are reduced.
Wood Material Science & Engineering
BioResources, 2018
Steam treatment was used in this work to correct the observed warp in dried core-wood radiata pin... more Steam treatment was used in this work to correct the observed warp in dried core-wood radiata pine (Pinus radiata) lumber that appears during the industrial drying process at high temperatures. The experimental design considered seven tests and three process variables: temperature, overload, and treatment time. The warp and moisture content before and after the treatment were measured, which allowed for assessing the efficiency of the cup recovery process of the studied thermal treatment programs. Of the analyzed types of warp (twist, bow, crook and cup), only twist was observed to be relevant to the effects of the permissible wood quality classification. The results showed that the twist recovery depends on the temperature, treatment time and overload magnitude. The best treatment results were with a steaming temperature of 100 (°C) and an overload of 3 (ton/m 3) applied for 6 (h), which allowed an average recovery value of approximately 43.1%. Moreover, there was an increase in the moisture content and wood density of 10% and 3%, respectively. Finally, the post-treatment of wood with superheated steam did not show a significant improvement to the warp recovery.
Drying Technology, 2017
In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modif... more In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modification, a load of radiata pine wood was selected and properties were measured after each drying process. The results revealed interesting correlations between intrinsic factors and properties; the values of density were highly dispersed after drying or thermal treatment and uncorrelated with others parameters, but the minimum density values were kept constant after heat-treatment. Moreover, weight loss (WL) and moisture content (MC) were decreasing proportionally to the treatment intensity, due to wood-water interactions, cell wall changes and thermal degradation of wood fractions. WL and MC were reasonably correlated with the dimensional stability, improving the dimensional stability after drying treatments but keeping the same order of anisotropy. Regarding the wood stiffness (MOE), it was unaffected by the drying temperature, and the correlations between MOE and MC or WL appear to be acceptable, and the values of MC or WL did not adversely affect the MOE. However, the modulus of rupture was dropped during the drying process, obtaining three differentiated groups with a decrease of around 59% after thermal modification.
Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 2016
Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in soli... more Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in solid wood products. The purpose of this study was to investigate these drying stresses by measuring hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens boards. Small samples of Eucalyptus nitens wood were oriented in the radial and tangential directions and tested to determine the hygromechanical strains during the drying process. This experimental work consisted of cantilevered bending tests conducted under variable relative humidity conditions. Tests were performed in a conditioning chamber at 30 °C with an equilibrium moisture content ranging from 22 to 12% under four levels of stress: 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the rupture load. The strains were determined using strain gauges, and the total deflection was measured with a linear variable differential transformer. The results show that in hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens, both the surface deformation and mechano-sorption strain were found to be proportional to the applied stress and reached their maximum values in the tangential direction. The total deflection increased 0,18 mm/mm with a surface deformation of 0,20 mm/mm, and the mechano-sorptive strain provides a greater contribution with a value of 0,11 mm/mm, thus corresponding to 59% of the total deformation. In attempts to improve the drying schedules of Eucalyptus nitens to develop solid wood products, mechano-sorptive behavior may be applied to relieve collapse and drying stress.
Bioresources, Jun 4, 2021
A treatment is proposed to sanitize wood for export packaging using radio frequency equipment tha... more A treatment is proposed to sanitize wood for export packaging using radio frequency equipment that is capable of treating wood. This was achieved by optimizing the sanitization process and developing an equation to predict the total sanitization time. Statistical analysis determined that the separation of plates and the power density of the equipment significantly influenced the duration of a sanitization process using radio frequency heating, whereas the thickness of the material was not as influential for the overall process. Furthermore, the sanitization process did not influence the quality of the wood; therefore, the proposed sanitization protocol provided a balance between duration and the quality of the finished radiata pine packaging material.
Forests, 2021
This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantat... more This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending of samples. The evaluations were carried out following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290 and 663, and the color changes resulting from heat treatments were monitored using the CIE-Lab, as well as other standards from the literature. The results show that there was 2.4% and 3.3% mass loss of wood modified at 170 and 190 °C, respectively. The air-dry and basic densities were higher in 170 °C treatment than after 190 °C treatment, and the thermal modifications applied increased the dimensional stability of the treated wood. After treatment at 170 and 190 °C, the lightness to darkness (L*) was reduced by 10% and 22%; the a* c...
Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 2018
En este trabajo se estudió el tiempo total de calentamiento utilizando radiofrecuencia para ester... more En este trabajo se estudió el tiempo total de calentamiento utilizando radiofrecuencia para esterilizar madera apilada de Pinus radiata, mediante las condiciones 56 °C y 60 °C por 30 y 1 minutos respectivamente, según normas fitosanitarias internacionales. Los ensayos fueron realizados en un equipo de radiofrecuencia de laboratorio de 3 m 3 de capacidad. Se determinó el tiempo de calentamiento y se desarrollaron modelos de predicción, en función del espesor, separación de placa y el volumen de carga de madera, con unos niveles de confianza superiores al 90%. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo total de esterilización por radiofrecuencia es mayor en la superficie de la pila y fueron estadísticamente similares bajo ambas condiciones de tratamiento.
Wood and Fiber Science, 2017
This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eu... more This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eucalyptus nitens such as vessel frequency, vessel area, ring width, fiber cell wall thicknesses, and fiber length. The study involved 29 trees from 10 families of Eucalyptus nitens cut from a 17-yr-old plantation in Southern Chile. The properties were determined along the radial direction of the trees by using X-ray equipment and at selected positions through microscope and fiber quality analyzer equipment. The results showed that the anatomical properties of E. nitens did not change gradually from pith to bark, but they were better described by dividing the tree radius into three different wood-zones referred as inner-, middle-, and outer-wood. The apparent density of E. nitens was dependent of the vessel area, cell wall area, ring width, and latewood width. The correlation coefficient between apparent density and vessels area was negative and the correlation coefficient between apparent...
This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eu... more This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eucalyptus nitens such as vessel frequency, vessel area, ring width, fiber cell wall thicknesses, and fiber length. The study involved 29 trees from 10 families of Eucalyptus nitens cut from a 17-yr-old plantation in Southern Chile. The properties were determined along the radial direction of the trees by using X-ray equipment and at selected positions through microscope and fiber quality analyzer equipment. The results showed that the anatomical properties of E. nitens did not change gradually from pith to bark, but they were better described by dividing the tree radius into three different wood-zones referred as
In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modif... more In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modification, a load of radiata pine wood was selected and properties were measured after each drying process. The results revealed interesting correlations between intrinsic factors and properties; the values of density were highly dispersed after drying or thermal treatment and uncorrelated with others parameters, but the minimum density values were kept constant after heat-treatment. Moreover, weight loss (WL) and moisture content (MC) were decreasing proportionally to the treatment intensity, due to wood-water interactions, cell wall changes and thermal degradation of wood fractions. WL and MC were reasonably correlated with the dimensional stability, improving the dimensional stability after drying treatments but keeping the same order of anisotropy. Regarding the wood stiffness (MOE), it was unaffected by the drying temperature, and the correlations between MOE and MC or WL appear to be acceptable, and the values of MC or WL did not adversely affect the MOE. However, the modulus of rupture was dropped during the drying process, obtaining three differentiated groups with a decrease of around 59% after thermal modification
The Effect of Wood Drying and Heat Modification on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Radiata Pine.
Wood and Fiber Science Journal of the Society of Wood Science and Technology, Dec 4, 2012
ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of r... more ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of radiata pine to comply with the international phytosanitary standard ISPM 15. The drying tests were performed in 100-m3 industrial kilns located at four different sawmills of the VIII region in Chile. The objective was to develop a standard protocol to certify industrial drying of radiata pine depending on the drying schedule and wood thickness. In part, the results were used to develop a multiple regression equation that permits sawmills to select their drying schedules in such a way that the lumber can be officially stamped as both kiln-dried and heat-treated for international trade.
Drying Technology, 2015
Chile with the objective of characterizing the response of Eucalyptus nitens to drying.
ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of r... more ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of radiata pine to comply with the international phytosanitary standard ISPM 15. The drying tests were performed in 100-m3 industrial kilns located at four different sawmills of the VIII region in Chile. The objective was to develop a standard protocol to certify industrial drying of radiata pine depending on the drying schedule and wood thickness. In part, the results were used to develop a multiple regression equation that permits sawmills to select their drying schedules in such a way that the lumber can be officially stamped as both kiln-dried and heat-treated for international trade.
ABSTRACT The occurrence of internal checks and their relationship with anatomical structure and b... more ABSTRACT The occurrence of internal checks and their relationship with anatomical structure and basic density in three clones of Eucalyptus nitens plantation trees grown in the eighth region of Chile were studied. Two trees per clone were sampled. The number, radial location, and length of internal checks were determined in samples oven-dried at temperatures increasing from 50 to 100�C. Wood anatomical features including vessel frequency and diameter and annual growth ring width were measured by image analysis. Results show that internal checks were greater for clones with lower basic density. Internal check frequency decreased with height in the tree and increased from pith to bark. A low wood basic density was related to greater ring width and vessel frequency, which contributed to the development of internal checks.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Bioresources, Jan 10, 2020
The thermal modification of wood is a potential alternative method for improving wood dimensional... more The thermal modification of wood is a potential alternative method for improving wood dimensional stability and increasing the resistance of wood to decay. However, during thermal modification, morphological changes occur within the microstructure of the cell, and these confer different properties to the wood. This study investigated the effects of the thermal modification process on the microstructure of radiata pine juvenile wood. Therefore, anatomical measurements were performed via optical microscopy in selected earlywood and latewood samples after each treatment, and the results were compared to untreated wood samples. In this study, two temperatures (190 °C and 210 °C) were considered for the thermal modification process. The results showed that the level of temperature of modification affected to microstructure of cell wall. The cell wall thickness decreased as treatment temperature increased, whereas the average lumen diameter increased slightly as temperature increased. Thermally modified radiata pine showed signs of damage (cracks, broken cells and deformations in the wood cell wall). The proportion of destroyed area increased as temperature increased, and significant differences were evident for the thermal treatment at 210 °C.
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, May 24, 2019
In this study, the effects of the wood quality used for thermal modification on the physical and ... more In this study, the effects of the wood quality used for thermal modification on the physical and mechanical properties obtained at two treatment temperatures commonly used at the industrial level were evaluated in order to validate experimentally the pilot scale process for its future industrial scaling. The quality of the input radiata pine refers to the presence of natural defects of wood, as well as the amount of juvenile wood. Selected thermally modified samples were used to measure some quality markers (physical, mechanical, optical) and to find their correlations due to quality or treatment, so as to obtain the best characteristics of the heat-treated products. The results indicated that the quality of the input wood was only relevant to the mild treatment (190 °C), finding an acceptable correlation between the weight loss and the quality used (first quality). After both treatments, the order of anisotropy was kept and the dimensional changes were significantly reduced; thus, the weight loss during treatment did not dramatically affect its anatomical structure. Clustering the data by statistical procedures was possible to observe that samples of lower quality were ordered according to the treatment temperature, indicating a strong influence of the treatment on the properties obtained. The mechanical properties revealed that up to 190 °C the chemical changes that occur on wood affected positively the values (MOE increased by about 15-32% and MOR slightly decreased < 5%). The thermal profile of the treated samples was comparable, suggesting that the dehydration reactions were more significant for the obtained properties than the chemical changes. Moreover, the browning effect was more stable in the samples treated at 210 °C after artificial weathering cycles, being a positive outcome that could extend the service life of the thermally modified products.
Bioresources, May 8, 2020
Wood drying is an important process for adding value and manufacturing innovative products. Eucal... more Wood drying is an important process for adding value and manufacturing innovative products. Eucalyptus nitens wood is inherently difficult to dry because of its natural propensity for checking as well as collapse and shrinkage. Lumber recovery after industrial drying of eucalypts is also very low. This study measured the wood quality of E. nitens juvenile wood (13 mm thickness) after radio-frequency vacuum (RFV) drying and wood dried in a conventional kiln dryer (KD). Drying cycles were performed using a radio frequency vacuum dryer with a 3 m 3 of capacity and convective kilndryer equipment with a 3.5 m 3 of capacity. The results showed that the drying time using the radio frequency vacuum method was reduced by 47% when compared to conventional kiln drying. The shrinkage was significantly lower in the RFV than in the conventional KD. The volumetric collapse decreased by approximately 60% in the RFV drying. RFV drying of E. nitens juvenile wood improves the wood quality for solid wood products because the intensity of surface checking and collapse are reduced.
Wood Material Science & Engineering
BioResources, 2018
Steam treatment was used in this work to correct the observed warp in dried core-wood radiata pin... more Steam treatment was used in this work to correct the observed warp in dried core-wood radiata pine (Pinus radiata) lumber that appears during the industrial drying process at high temperatures. The experimental design considered seven tests and three process variables: temperature, overload, and treatment time. The warp and moisture content before and after the treatment were measured, which allowed for assessing the efficiency of the cup recovery process of the studied thermal treatment programs. Of the analyzed types of warp (twist, bow, crook and cup), only twist was observed to be relevant to the effects of the permissible wood quality classification. The results showed that the twist recovery depends on the temperature, treatment time and overload magnitude. The best treatment results were with a steaming temperature of 100 (°C) and an overload of 3 (ton/m 3) applied for 6 (h), which allowed an average recovery value of approximately 43.1%. Moreover, there was an increase in the moisture content and wood density of 10% and 3%, respectively. Finally, the post-treatment of wood with superheated steam did not show a significant improvement to the warp recovery.
Drying Technology, 2017
In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modif... more In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modification, a load of radiata pine wood was selected and properties were measured after each drying process. The results revealed interesting correlations between intrinsic factors and properties; the values of density were highly dispersed after drying or thermal treatment and uncorrelated with others parameters, but the minimum density values were kept constant after heat-treatment. Moreover, weight loss (WL) and moisture content (MC) were decreasing proportionally to the treatment intensity, due to wood-water interactions, cell wall changes and thermal degradation of wood fractions. WL and MC were reasonably correlated with the dimensional stability, improving the dimensional stability after drying treatments but keeping the same order of anisotropy. Regarding the wood stiffness (MOE), it was unaffected by the drying temperature, and the correlations between MOE and MC or WL appear to be acceptable, and the values of MC or WL did not adversely affect the MOE. However, the modulus of rupture was dropped during the drying process, obtaining three differentiated groups with a decrease of around 59% after thermal modification.
Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 2016
Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in soli... more Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in solid wood products. The purpose of this study was to investigate these drying stresses by measuring hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens boards. Small samples of Eucalyptus nitens wood were oriented in the radial and tangential directions and tested to determine the hygromechanical strains during the drying process. This experimental work consisted of cantilevered bending tests conducted under variable relative humidity conditions. Tests were performed in a conditioning chamber at 30 °C with an equilibrium moisture content ranging from 22 to 12% under four levels of stress: 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the rupture load. The strains were determined using strain gauges, and the total deflection was measured with a linear variable differential transformer. The results show that in hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens, both the surface deformation and mechano-sorption strain were found to be proportional to the applied stress and reached their maximum values in the tangential direction. The total deflection increased 0,18 mm/mm with a surface deformation of 0,20 mm/mm, and the mechano-sorptive strain provides a greater contribution with a value of 0,11 mm/mm, thus corresponding to 59% of the total deformation. In attempts to improve the drying schedules of Eucalyptus nitens to develop solid wood products, mechano-sorptive behavior may be applied to relieve collapse and drying stress.
Bioresources, Jun 4, 2021
A treatment is proposed to sanitize wood for export packaging using radio frequency equipment tha... more A treatment is proposed to sanitize wood for export packaging using radio frequency equipment that is capable of treating wood. This was achieved by optimizing the sanitization process and developing an equation to predict the total sanitization time. Statistical analysis determined that the separation of plates and the power density of the equipment significantly influenced the duration of a sanitization process using radio frequency heating, whereas the thickness of the material was not as influential for the overall process. Furthermore, the sanitization process did not influence the quality of the wood; therefore, the proposed sanitization protocol provided a balance between duration and the quality of the finished radiata pine packaging material.
Forests, 2021
This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantat... more This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending of samples. The evaluations were carried out following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290 and 663, and the color changes resulting from heat treatments were monitored using the CIE-Lab, as well as other standards from the literature. The results show that there was 2.4% and 3.3% mass loss of wood modified at 170 and 190 °C, respectively. The air-dry and basic densities were higher in 170 °C treatment than after 190 °C treatment, and the thermal modifications applied increased the dimensional stability of the treated wood. After treatment at 170 and 190 °C, the lightness to darkness (L*) was reduced by 10% and 22%; the a* c...
Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 2018
En este trabajo se estudió el tiempo total de calentamiento utilizando radiofrecuencia para ester... more En este trabajo se estudió el tiempo total de calentamiento utilizando radiofrecuencia para esterilizar madera apilada de Pinus radiata, mediante las condiciones 56 °C y 60 °C por 30 y 1 minutos respectivamente, según normas fitosanitarias internacionales. Los ensayos fueron realizados en un equipo de radiofrecuencia de laboratorio de 3 m 3 de capacidad. Se determinó el tiempo de calentamiento y se desarrollaron modelos de predicción, en función del espesor, separación de placa y el volumen de carga de madera, con unos niveles de confianza superiores al 90%. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo total de esterilización por radiofrecuencia es mayor en la superficie de la pila y fueron estadísticamente similares bajo ambas condiciones de tratamiento.
Wood and Fiber Science, 2017
This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eu... more This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eucalyptus nitens such as vessel frequency, vessel area, ring width, fiber cell wall thicknesses, and fiber length. The study involved 29 trees from 10 families of Eucalyptus nitens cut from a 17-yr-old plantation in Southern Chile. The properties were determined along the radial direction of the trees by using X-ray equipment and at selected positions through microscope and fiber quality analyzer equipment. The results showed that the anatomical properties of E. nitens did not change gradually from pith to bark, but they were better described by dividing the tree radius into three different wood-zones referred as inner-, middle-, and outer-wood. The apparent density of E. nitens was dependent of the vessel area, cell wall area, ring width, and latewood width. The correlation coefficient between apparent density and vessels area was negative and the correlation coefficient between apparent...
This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eu... more This paper studies the relationship between apparent density and some anatomical properties of Eucalyptus nitens such as vessel frequency, vessel area, ring width, fiber cell wall thicknesses, and fiber length. The study involved 29 trees from 10 families of Eucalyptus nitens cut from a 17-yr-old plantation in Southern Chile. The properties were determined along the radial direction of the trees by using X-ray equipment and at selected positions through microscope and fiber quality analyzer equipment. The results showed that the anatomical properties of E. nitens did not change gradually from pith to bark, but they were better described by dividing the tree radius into three different wood-zones referred as
In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modif... more In order to evaluate evolution of physical and mechanical properties due to drying and heat modification, a load of radiata pine wood was selected and properties were measured after each drying process. The results revealed interesting correlations between intrinsic factors and properties; the values of density were highly dispersed after drying or thermal treatment and uncorrelated with others parameters, but the minimum density values were kept constant after heat-treatment. Moreover, weight loss (WL) and moisture content (MC) were decreasing proportionally to the treatment intensity, due to wood-water interactions, cell wall changes and thermal degradation of wood fractions. WL and MC were reasonably correlated with the dimensional stability, improving the dimensional stability after drying treatments but keeping the same order of anisotropy. Regarding the wood stiffness (MOE), it was unaffected by the drying temperature, and the correlations between MOE and MC or WL appear to be acceptable, and the values of MC or WL did not adversely affect the MOE. However, the modulus of rupture was dropped during the drying process, obtaining three differentiated groups with a decrease of around 59% after thermal modification
The Effect of Wood Drying and Heat Modification on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Radiata Pine.
Wood and Fiber Science Journal of the Society of Wood Science and Technology, Dec 4, 2012
ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of r... more ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of radiata pine to comply with the international phytosanitary standard ISPM 15. The drying tests were performed in 100-m3 industrial kilns located at four different sawmills of the VIII region in Chile. The objective was to develop a standard protocol to certify industrial drying of radiata pine depending on the drying schedule and wood thickness. In part, the results were used to develop a multiple regression equation that permits sawmills to select their drying schedules in such a way that the lumber can be officially stamped as both kiln-dried and heat-treated for international trade.
Drying Technology, 2015
Chile with the objective of characterizing the response of Eucalyptus nitens to drying.
ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of r... more ABSTRACT This is a summary of a study carried out in Chile to certify industrial kiln drying of radiata pine to comply with the international phytosanitary standard ISPM 15. The drying tests were performed in 100-m3 industrial kilns located at four different sawmills of the VIII region in Chile. The objective was to develop a standard protocol to certify industrial drying of radiata pine depending on the drying schedule and wood thickness. In part, the results were used to develop a multiple regression equation that permits sawmills to select their drying schedules in such a way that the lumber can be officially stamped as both kiln-dried and heat-treated for international trade.
ABSTRACT The occurrence of internal checks and their relationship with anatomical structure and b... more ABSTRACT The occurrence of internal checks and their relationship with anatomical structure and basic density in three clones of Eucalyptus nitens plantation trees grown in the eighth region of Chile were studied. Two trees per clone were sampled. The number, radial location, and length of internal checks were determined in samples oven-dried at temperatures increasing from 50 to 100�C. Wood anatomical features including vessel frequency and diameter and annual growth ring width were measured by image analysis. Results show that internal checks were greater for clones with lower basic density. Internal check frequency decreased with height in the tree and increased from pith to bark. A low wood basic density was related to greater ring width and vessel frequency, which contributed to the development of internal checks.
Entre las especies del género Acacias, la Acacia melanoxylon o aromo australiano y la Acacia deal... more Entre las especies del género Acacias, la Acacia melanoxylon o aromo australiano y la Acacia dealbata o aromo chileno, son dos especies aclimatadas en Chile con un interesante potencial industrial. En este trabajo, se estudian programas de secado a temperaturas convencionales y la calidad de la madera seca de A. melanoxylon y A. dealbata.