Ricardo Crespo | Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins (original) (raw)

Papers by Ricardo Crespo

In this study we propose an inverse model approach to quantify the required ecosystem services pr... more In this study we propose an inverse model approach to quantify the required ecosystem services provision to achieve future planning goals. As a case study we investigate urbanization processes in two regions in Switzerland. We use a binary logistic econometric model to relate probabilities of urbanization to a set of land use determinants such as geographical factors, climate, agricultural subsidies, and ecosystem services. By the use of the inverse modeling we find the necessary trade-offs between ecosystem services in order to achieve a given probability of land use change from agricultural to settlement. From an urban planning perspective such given probability corresponds to a given or desired future urbanization level, which, in turn, is defined by stakeholders. Of particular interest for planners is the trade-off analysis between ecosystem services because it provides a number of transition pathways to achieve future planning decisions in a sustainable manner. In this way, onc...

Background There is a strong spatial correlation between demographics and chronic diseases in urb... more Background There is a strong spatial correlation between demographics and chronic diseases in urban areas. Thus, most of the public policies aimed at improving prevention plans and optimizing the allocation of resources in health networks should be designed specifically for socioeconomic reality of the population. One way to tackle this challenge is by exploring the spatial patterns that link the sociodemographic attributes that characterize a community, its risk of suffering chronic diseases, and its accessibility to treatment at a small area geographical level. Due the inherent complexity of cities, advanced clustering methods are needed to find significant spatial patterns. Our main motivation is to provide stakeholders with valuable information to optimize the spatial distributions of health services and the provision of human resources. For the case study, we chose to investigate diabetes in Santiago, Chile. Methods To deal with spatiality, we used two advanced statistical tech...

Landscape Ecology, 2013

Marginal land use changes can abruptly result in non-marginal and irreversible changes in ecosyst... more Marginal land use changes can abruptly result in non-marginal and irreversible changes in ecosystem functioning and the economic values that the ecosystem generates. This challenges the traditional ecosystem services (ESS) mapping approach, which has often made the assumption that ESS can be mapped uniquely to land use and land cover data. Using a functional fragmentation measure, we show how landscape pattern changes might lead to changes in the delivery of ESS. We map changes in ESS of dry calcareous grasslands under different land use change scenarios in a case study region in Switzerland. We selected three ESS known to be related to species diversity including carbon sequestration and pollination as regulating values and recreational experience as cultural value, and compared them to the value of two production services including food and timber production. Results show that the current unceasing fragmentation is particularly critical for the value of ESS provided by species-rich habitats. The article concludes that assessing landscape patterns is key for maintaining valuable ESS in the face of human use and fluctuating environment.

… Workshop at the …, 2008

Long abstract for the ICA Visualisation Workshop at the AGILE 2008 conference, Geovisualisation ... more Long abstract for the ICA Visualisation Workshop at the AGILE 2008 conference, Geovisualisation of Dynamics, Movement and Change ... Combining Geographically Weighted Regression and Geovisual Analytics to investigate temporal variations in house price determinants across ...

In spite of literature on hedonic house price models is quite vast, much more efforts must be mad... more In spite of literature on hedonic house price models is quite vast, much more efforts must be made to integrate and to model spatiotemporal data (see Cressie, 1993). Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that excellent works have been done in recent years to deal with this phenomenon. For example, of paricular interest has been the research on panel data models (Holly et al., 2006) and spatiotemporal autoregressive (STAR) models (Pace et al., 1998). On the other hand, the development of geographically weighted regression (Brunsdon et al., 1998) has brought new insights into the understanding of spatial dynamics in econometric models. In this respect, we do believe that the incorporation of temporal data into the model and the subsequent development of a spatiotemporal version of GWR will naturally contribute to a better understanding of stochastic processes that vary and interact in space and time. This is presicely the aim of this study, that is, to develop a spatiotemporal version ...

Geographical Analysis, 2015

Both space and time are fundamental in human activities as well as in various physical processes.... more Both space and time are fundamental in human activities as well as in various physical processes. Spatiotemporal analysis and modelling has long been a major concern of geographical information science (GIScience), environmental science, hydrology, epidemiology and other research areas. Though the importance of incorporating the temporal dimension into spatial analysis and modelling has been well recognized, challenges still exist given the complexity of spatiotemporal models. Of particular interest in this paper is the spatiotemporal modelling of local non-stationary processes. Specifically, an extension of geographically weighted regression (GWR), GTWR, is developed in order to account for local effects in both space and time. An efficient model calibration approach is proposed for this statistical technique. Using a 19-year set of house price data in London from 1980 to 1998, empirical results from the application of GTWR to hedonic house price modelling demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority to the traditional GWR approach, highlighting the importance of temporally explicit spatial modelling.

Spatial planning seeks to regulate demand for land resources with a view to securing the well-bei... more Spatial planning seeks to regulate demand for land resources with a view to securing the
well-being of urban and rural communities. It identifies the decisions that should be made in light of a
preferred future development. Yet, preferences for future development change as demands for hous-
ing, recreation, food, and life styles are changing rapidly. In this study we aim to introduce a new
approach for spatial planning, where the point of departure is not current data, but a future desired by
stakeholders. To this end, we propose an inverse modeling approach where the result is a set of values
for parameters identified as being key to reach a desired future.We apply the approach to a case study
in a metropolitan area in Switzerland in order to illustrate its capabilities for sustainable planning.We
invert a hedonic house-price model for identifying urban development options in the case-study area.
We show how one can determine the relevant trade-offs between locational, structural, and socio-
economic characteristics given a desired house-price level, and the possible locations and relevant
trade-offs for areas where future noise-emitting factories are to be planned. We discuss advantages
and shortcomings of the approach for planners and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the
approach as a means of encouraging lay people and stakeholders to become involved efficiently in
sustainable development issues.

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models have been ap... more Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models have been applied to derive the spatial structure of urban heat island (UHI) in Wroc aw, SW Poland and compared. It was found that GWR is better suited for spatial modeling of UHI than MLR, as it takes into account non-stationarity of the spatial process. Both local and global models were extended by the interpolation of regression residuals, and used for spatial interpolation of the UHI structure. The combined: GWR + interpolated regression residuals (GWRK) approach is recommended for spatial modeling of UHI.

and sharing with colleagues.

Landscape Ecology, 2013

… Workshop at the …, 2008

Geographical Analysis, 2015

and sharing with colleagues.