Fabrice Lambert | Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (original) (raw)

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Papers by Fabrice Lambert

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Quaternary International, 2012

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Doklady Earth Sciences, 2010

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This article is a review of the science goals and activities initiated within the framework of th... more This article is a review of the science goals and activities initiated within the framework of the
Pollution and its Impacts on the South American Cryosphere (PISAC) initiative. Air pollution associated
with biomass burning and urban emissions affects extensive areas of South America. We focus on black
carbon (BC) aerosol and its impacts on air quality, water availability, and climate, with an emphasis on the
Andean cryosphere. BC is one of the key short-lived climate pollutants that is a topic of growing interest
for near-term mitigation of these issues. Limited scientific evidence indicates that the Andean cryosphere
has already responded to climate change with receding glaciers and snow cover, which directly affect
water resources, agriculture, and energy production in the Andean region of South America. Despite the
paucity of systematic observations along the Andes, a few studies have detected BC on snow and glaciers
in the Andes. These, in addition to existing and projected emissions and weather patterns, suggest a possible
contribution of BC to the observed retreat of the Andean cryosphere. Here we provide an overview
of the current understanding of these issues from scientific and policy perspectives, and propose strategic
expansions to the relevant measurement infrastructure in the region.

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ABSTRACT Atmospheric mineral dust aerosols affect the global climate by scattering and absorbing ... more ABSTRACT Atmospheric mineral dust aerosols affect the global climate by scattering and absorbing solar and thermal radiation, as well as providing micronutrients to primary production regions. Present and past global atmospheric dust concentrations have so far been deduced from model simulations. We present a new estimate of atmospheric dust concentrations and dust aerosol radiative forcing based on measurements of dust deposition in paleoclimate archives (mainly the DIRTMAP 3 dataset). Using a kriging technique, the dust deposition data from terrestrial, marine, and ice core records was interpolated to a global grid for both average Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions. By combining the data with some parameters from dust models we reconstructed Holocene and LGM surface and atmospheric dust concentrations. This new dataset's dust concentrations and radiative forcing is compared to the results from dust model simulations. We show how this new dataset can be used by calculating dust radiative forcing in polar areas. Dust appears to play an important role in the polar amplification phenomenon during dusty times by cooling down the surface and heating the upper atmospheric layers.

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Within the scope of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) chemical analyses h... more Within the scope of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) chemical analyses have been done along the Dome C ice core. Among other substances, Ca2+, dust, Na+, NH_4{}+, NO_3{}- and electrolytical melt water conductivity have been measured at 1 cm resolution with the Bern Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system. Here we present new data from the Eemian and the preceding transition covering an age interval from approximately 180 kyr to 110 kyr before present. This sequence is compared with the Holocene and the last transition, mainly with emphasis on terrestrial and marine tracers. Concentration levels for the two periods compare quite well, but the general shape differs considerably. The changes in dust input to Dome C seemed to have been much more abrupt during the penultimate transition than during the last transition (18 to 15 kyr BP). This may reflect different conditions and/or processes in the dust source region.

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The 3130m-deep ice core from Dome C obtained in the frame of the European Project of Ice Coring i... more The 3130m-deep ice core from Dome C obtained in the frame of the European Project of Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) depicts 8 glacial periods. Here we present the results of dust content and we extend the record down to 3200 m, corresponding to circa 800 kyr B.P. The dust has been measured by using two independent techniques: a laser system deployed on the field and used for continuous measurements and counting in laboratory by using Coulter Counter (Multisizer II) on discrete samples from about 1200 levels. The laser and Coulter EPICA dust profiles are well consistent. Amongst Antarctic records, over the last 4 climate cycles, the EPICA-Dome C dust record mimics the Vostok one and several dust events could be confidently used as stratigraphic markers since the records share the same dust sources. The high dust input (up to a factor 50 with respect to present time) characterising the high latitude records during glacial climate is linked to the synergetic effect of several factors...

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