Francine Smith | University of Calgary (original) (raw)
Papers by Francine Smith
Effects of indomethacin on systemic and renal haemodynamics during postnatal maturation in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
pigs during postnatal maturation Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation in guinea
Measurement of net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetal sheep
The Journal of Physiology, Jul 1, 1985
If fetal drinking activity is prevented and it is assumed that in the latter third of gestation t... more If fetal drinking activity is prevented and it is assumed that in the latter third of gestation the fetus is capable of maintaining itself in fluid balance, then the net amount of fluid gained across the placenta by the fetus is equal to the amount of fluid lost from the fetus, by routes other than the placenta, plus fluid deposited in growing tissues minus the amount of water produced as a result of oxidative metabolism. Net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetus over a 3 h period was measured in eight chronically catheterized fetal sheep in which drinking activity was prevented by ligating the oesophagus. Urine and lung liquid flow rates were measured. In the latter third of gestation, these are the only significant sources of fluid loss from these fetuses during the 3 h experimental period. Water produced as a result of oxidative metabolism was calculated, as was the amount of fluid deposited in growing tissues during the course of the experiment. The weight of the fetus at the beginning of the experiment and the change in weight that occurred during the experiment was calculated by measuring the weight of the fetus at death (within 30 h) and applying an equation which describes the body weight-gestation age relationship for merino sheep. Net transplacental fluid transfer was 0.40 +/- 0.09 ml min-1 kg-1 (range 0.30-0.54 ml min-1 kg-1). Fetal urine flow rate averaged 0.30 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1. It was 72.8 +/- 10.0% of the volumes used to calculate net transplacental fluid transfer to the fetus. Lung liquid flow rate was 0.079 +/- 0.039 ml min-1 kg-1. It was 20.2 +/- 9.2% of the volumes used to calculate net fluid intake. The amount of fluid deposited as a result of tissue growth was 0.023 +/- 0.001 ml min-1 kg-1; it was 5.94 +/- 1.1% of the volumes used in the equation, while the production of water as a result of metabolism was 3.9 X 10(-3) ml min-1 kg-1 (Conrad & Faber, 1977) and constituted 1.01 +/- 0.22% of the volumes used in the equation. This method of measuring net transplacental fluid transfer to the fetus can be used to measure fetal fluid intake over relatively short periods of time. It also means that the effects of disturbances in maternal fluid and electrolyte balance on fluid transfer to the fetus can be studied and quantitated.
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1981
Dose-dependent cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine effects of furosemide in conscious lambs furosemide in conscious lambs
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sep 1, 1997
In recent experiments in conscious lambs, we showed that in addition to its well-known natriureti... more In recent experiments in conscious lambs, we showed that in addition to its well-known natriuretic and diuretic effects, i.v. injection of 2 mg/kg of furosemide resulted in a sustained increase in heart rate and an age-dependent increase in plasma renin activity. To determine whether these responses were dose dependent, we measured various parameters of cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine function in six chronically instrumented lambs. Three of seven doses of furosemide were tested at 48-h intervals; the range of doses was 0 to 7.5 mg/kg. A dose-dependent transient pressor response occurred within 20 min of furosemide administration; the duration of this response increased with increasing doses. Heart rate increased 40 min after doses of furosemide > or = 0.25 mg/kg; this response was not dose dependent. Renin increased following all doses; the peak and the duration of the renin response were dose dependent. These data provide new information on the dose-dependent cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine responses to furosemide in conscious newborn lambs.
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Oct 1, 2001
Systemic and renal haemodynamic responses to the selective AT1 receptor antagonist ZD 7155 and the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123319 during postnatal maturation in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
Effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function in sheep
American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology, Jul 1, 1988
The effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function were investigated in 10 chronically... more The effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function were investigated in 10 chronically catheterized fetal sheep after the infusion of 100 g of glucose into the ewe over 30 min. Fetal blood glucose levels rose (P less than 0.001) within 15 min of completing the glucose infusion from 15.75 +/- 2.8 to 195.4 +/- 18 (SE) mg/dl (n = 10). There was a significant increase in fetal glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.05) from 2.73 +/- 0.41 to 3.65 +/- 0.40 (SE) ml/min (n = 10) within 1.5 h of the infusion of glucose into the ewe. Urine flow rate increased from 0.38 +/- 0.06 to 0.63 +/- 0.12 (SE) ml/min (n = 10, P less than 0.001), and sodium excretion increased from 18.42 +/- 7.21 to 38.4 +/- 13.7 (SE) mumol/min (n = 10, P less than 0.002) within 2.5 h of the infusion of glucose into the ewe. The fraction of the filtered load that was excreted (urine flow rate divided by glomerular filtration rate) also increased (P less than 0.01) as did the fraction of the osmolar load (P less than 0.002). Glycosuria occurred in all fetuses within 30 min of the infusion of glucose into the ewe, and glucose excretion reached 26.16 +/- 12.36 (SE) micrograms/min (n = 8) after 1.5 h. These findings of diuresis, natriuresis, and glycosuria in response to hyperglycemia are evidence that an increased delivery of fluid into the amniotic cavity might occur after a rise in fetal plasma glucose levels.
Circulation Research, 1982
The adrenal and renal responses to similar increases in plasma angiotensin II (All) were studied ... more The adrenal and renal responses to similar increases in plasma angiotensin II (All) were studied in chronically catheterized fetal lambs (112-131 days gestation; term 145 days) and adult nonpregnant sheep. The rate of All infusion was adjusted to compare the effect of similar rises in plasma AH concentration between fetuses and adult ewes. Increases in plasma All were associated with a decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) in both fetuses (5.55 ± 1.53 to 2.11 ± 0.59 ng/ml per hr, P < 0.05) and adult ewes (1.28 ± 0.34 to 0.62 ± 0.16 ng/ml per hr, P< 0.05), but the percent changes in PRA for similar increases in plasma All were not different when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. Contrary to the effect of All on PRA, the increase in plasma All did not produce parallel changes in plasma aldosterone concentration when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. The percent changes in plasma aldosterone concentration for similar increases in All concentration were significantly higher in adult ewes (+165 ± 37%) than in fetuses (+58 ± 15%) (P < 0.01). Finally, there were no significant changes in fetal urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2a when a significant rise (P < 0.05) was observed in adult ewes at the highest level of plasma All concentration. In summary, the present results tend to suggest that there are differences between fetuses and adult ewes in the response to All, the response being smaller in fetuses.
Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal responses to furosemide in conscious lambs
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997
... né, divers paramètres des fonctions endocrines, rénales et cardio-vasculaires ont été mesurés... more ... né, divers paramètres des fonctions endocrines, rénales et cardio-vasculaires ont été mesurés, avant et après l'injection iv de furosémide à huit agneaux chroniquement instrumentés et conscients, en présence et en l'absence de l'inhibiteur de l'énzyme de conversion de l ...
Distribution of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the developing ovine kidney
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2013
Renal responses to severe haemorrhage in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2012
Age‐dependent cardiovascular responses to severe haemorrhage in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009
Prostaglandins do not modulate renal haemodynamic responses to endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2007
Age‐dependent intrarenal expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in sheep
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
Glomerular and tubular effects of nitric oxide (NO) are regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in an age-dependent manner through activation of both angiotensin receptors (AT1Rs and AT2Rs) in conscious lambs
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, Aug 31, 2017
Renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems and the balance and interaction between the... more Renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems and the balance and interaction between them are considered of primary importance in maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. It has been suggested that the effects of NO may be modulated at least in part by the angiotensin (Ang) II, yet the roles of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) are not well understood. Even though both Ang II and NO are elevated at birth and during the newborn period, their contribution to the adaptation of the newborn to life after birth as well as their physiological roles during development are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine if NO regulation of renal function during postnatal maturation is modulated by Ang II through activation of AT1R or AT2R or both receptors. Glomerular and tubular effects of either AT1R selective antagonist ZD 7155, AT2R selective antagonist PD 123319, and both antagonists ZD 7155 plus PD 123319, were measured in 1- (N = 9) and 6-week-old (N = 13) conscious, chronically instrumented lambs before and after removal of endogenous NO with l-arginine analogue, l-NAME. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures for repeated measures over time with factors age and treatment were used to compare the effects of the treatments on several glomerular and tubular variables in both groups. This study showed that l-NAME infusion after pre-treatment with ATR antagonists did not alter glomerular function in 1- or 6-week-old lambs. NO effects on electrolytes handling along the nephron during postnatal development were modulated by Ang II through AT1R and AT2R in an age-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of AT1R and AT2R increased excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl− in 6- but not in 1-week-old lambs. In 6-week-old lambs, urinary flow rate increased by 200%, free water clearance increased by 50%, and urine osmolality decreased by 40% after l-NAME was added to the pre-treatment with ZD 7155 plus PD 123319. When l-NAME was added either to ZD 7155 or PD 123319, the same trend in the alterations of these variables was observed, albeit to a lower degree. In conclusion, in conscious animals, during postnatal maturation, Ang II modulates the effects of NO on glomerular function, fluid, and electrolyte homeostasis through AT1Rs and AT2Rs in an age-dependent manner. Under physiological conditions, AT2Rs may potentiate the effects of AT1R, providing evidence of a crosstalk between ATRs in modulating NO effects on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during postnatal maturation. This study provides new insights on the regulation of renal function during early postnatal development showing that, compared with later in life, newborns have impaired capacity to regulate glomerular function, water, and electrolyte balance.
Journal of Applied Physiology, Aug 1, 1997
Effects of renal denervation on cardiovascular and renal responses to ACE inhibition in conscious... more Effects of renal denervation on cardiovascular and renal responses to ACE inhibition in conscious lambs. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 414-419, 1997.-Cardiovascular and renal effects of either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or vehicle were measured in chronically instrumented lambs in the presence (intact; n 5 6) and absence of renal sympathetic nerves (denervated; n 5 5) to determine whether there was an interaction between the reninangiotensin system and renal sympathetic nerves early in life. Captopril caused a similar decrease in mean arterial pressure (P , 0.001) in intact and denervated lambs, predominantly through a decrease in diastolic pressure. Heart rate was increased from 177 6 34 to 213 6 22 (SD) beats/min during captopril compared with vehicle infusion in intact lambs. In denervated lambs, basal heart rates were elevated to 218 6 33 beats/min; there was no further increase in heart rate during captopril compared with vehicle infusion. Captopril infusion caused a decrease in renal vascular resistance but only in the absence of renal nerves. These findings provide evidence to suggest that early in life there is an interaction between renal sympathetic nerves and the reninangiotensin system in regulating renal hemodynamics and the baroreflex control of the heart. angiotensin-converting enzyme; renal nerves; newborn; angiotensin II; captopril; blood pressure; baroreflex
Spatial and temporal distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the developing ovine kidney
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009
Age dependent effects of haemorrhage on the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009
Effects of indomethacin on systemic and renal haemodynamics during postnatal maturation in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
pigs during postnatal maturation Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation in guinea
Measurement of net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetal sheep
The Journal of Physiology, Jul 1, 1985
If fetal drinking activity is prevented and it is assumed that in the latter third of gestation t... more If fetal drinking activity is prevented and it is assumed that in the latter third of gestation the fetus is capable of maintaining itself in fluid balance, then the net amount of fluid gained across the placenta by the fetus is equal to the amount of fluid lost from the fetus, by routes other than the placenta, plus fluid deposited in growing tissues minus the amount of water produced as a result of oxidative metabolism. Net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetus over a 3 h period was measured in eight chronically catheterized fetal sheep in which drinking activity was prevented by ligating the oesophagus. Urine and lung liquid flow rates were measured. In the latter third of gestation, these are the only significant sources of fluid loss from these fetuses during the 3 h experimental period. Water produced as a result of oxidative metabolism was calculated, as was the amount of fluid deposited in growing tissues during the course of the experiment. The weight of the fetus at the beginning of the experiment and the change in weight that occurred during the experiment was calculated by measuring the weight of the fetus at death (within 30 h) and applying an equation which describes the body weight-gestation age relationship for merino sheep. Net transplacental fluid transfer was 0.40 +/- 0.09 ml min-1 kg-1 (range 0.30-0.54 ml min-1 kg-1). Fetal urine flow rate averaged 0.30 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1. It was 72.8 +/- 10.0% of the volumes used to calculate net transplacental fluid transfer to the fetus. Lung liquid flow rate was 0.079 +/- 0.039 ml min-1 kg-1. It was 20.2 +/- 9.2% of the volumes used to calculate net fluid intake. The amount of fluid deposited as a result of tissue growth was 0.023 +/- 0.001 ml min-1 kg-1; it was 5.94 +/- 1.1% of the volumes used in the equation, while the production of water as a result of metabolism was 3.9 X 10(-3) ml min-1 kg-1 (Conrad & Faber, 1977) and constituted 1.01 +/- 0.22% of the volumes used in the equation. This method of measuring net transplacental fluid transfer to the fetus can be used to measure fetal fluid intake over relatively short periods of time. It also means that the effects of disturbances in maternal fluid and electrolyte balance on fluid transfer to the fetus can be studied and quantitated.
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1981
Dose-dependent cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine effects of furosemide in conscious lambs furosemide in conscious lambs
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sep 1, 1997
In recent experiments in conscious lambs, we showed that in addition to its well-known natriureti... more In recent experiments in conscious lambs, we showed that in addition to its well-known natriuretic and diuretic effects, i.v. injection of 2 mg/kg of furosemide resulted in a sustained increase in heart rate and an age-dependent increase in plasma renin activity. To determine whether these responses were dose dependent, we measured various parameters of cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine function in six chronically instrumented lambs. Three of seven doses of furosemide were tested at 48-h intervals; the range of doses was 0 to 7.5 mg/kg. A dose-dependent transient pressor response occurred within 20 min of furosemide administration; the duration of this response increased with increasing doses. Heart rate increased 40 min after doses of furosemide > or = 0.25 mg/kg; this response was not dose dependent. Renin increased following all doses; the peak and the duration of the renin response were dose dependent. These data provide new information on the dose-dependent cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine responses to furosemide in conscious newborn lambs.
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Oct 1, 2001
Systemic and renal haemodynamic responses to the selective AT1 receptor antagonist ZD 7155 and the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123319 during postnatal maturation in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
Effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function in sheep
American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology, Jul 1, 1988
The effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function were investigated in 10 chronically... more The effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function were investigated in 10 chronically catheterized fetal sheep after the infusion of 100 g of glucose into the ewe over 30 min. Fetal blood glucose levels rose (P less than 0.001) within 15 min of completing the glucose infusion from 15.75 +/- 2.8 to 195.4 +/- 18 (SE) mg/dl (n = 10). There was a significant increase in fetal glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.05) from 2.73 +/- 0.41 to 3.65 +/- 0.40 (SE) ml/min (n = 10) within 1.5 h of the infusion of glucose into the ewe. Urine flow rate increased from 0.38 +/- 0.06 to 0.63 +/- 0.12 (SE) ml/min (n = 10, P less than 0.001), and sodium excretion increased from 18.42 +/- 7.21 to 38.4 +/- 13.7 (SE) mumol/min (n = 10, P less than 0.002) within 2.5 h of the infusion of glucose into the ewe. The fraction of the filtered load that was excreted (urine flow rate divided by glomerular filtration rate) also increased (P less than 0.01) as did the fraction of the osmolar load (P less than 0.002). Glycosuria occurred in all fetuses within 30 min of the infusion of glucose into the ewe, and glucose excretion reached 26.16 +/- 12.36 (SE) micrograms/min (n = 8) after 1.5 h. These findings of diuresis, natriuresis, and glycosuria in response to hyperglycemia are evidence that an increased delivery of fluid into the amniotic cavity might occur after a rise in fetal plasma glucose levels.
Circulation Research, 1982
The adrenal and renal responses to similar increases in plasma angiotensin II (All) were studied ... more The adrenal and renal responses to similar increases in plasma angiotensin II (All) were studied in chronically catheterized fetal lambs (112-131 days gestation; term 145 days) and adult nonpregnant sheep. The rate of All infusion was adjusted to compare the effect of similar rises in plasma AH concentration between fetuses and adult ewes. Increases in plasma All were associated with a decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) in both fetuses (5.55 ± 1.53 to 2.11 ± 0.59 ng/ml per hr, P < 0.05) and adult ewes (1.28 ± 0.34 to 0.62 ± 0.16 ng/ml per hr, P< 0.05), but the percent changes in PRA for similar increases in plasma All were not different when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. Contrary to the effect of All on PRA, the increase in plasma All did not produce parallel changes in plasma aldosterone concentration when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. The percent changes in plasma aldosterone concentration for similar increases in All concentration were significantly higher in adult ewes (+165 ± 37%) than in fetuses (+58 ± 15%) (P < 0.01). Finally, there were no significant changes in fetal urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2a when a significant rise (P < 0.05) was observed in adult ewes at the highest level of plasma All concentration. In summary, the present results tend to suggest that there are differences between fetuses and adult ewes in the response to All, the response being smaller in fetuses.
Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal responses to furosemide in conscious lambs
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997
... né, divers paramètres des fonctions endocrines, rénales et cardio-vasculaires ont été mesurés... more ... né, divers paramètres des fonctions endocrines, rénales et cardio-vasculaires ont été mesurés, avant et après l'injection iv de furosémide à huit agneaux chroniquement instrumentés et conscients, en présence et en l'absence de l'inhibiteur de l'énzyme de conversion de l ...
Distribution of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the developing ovine kidney
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2013
Renal responses to severe haemorrhage in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2012
Age‐dependent cardiovascular responses to severe haemorrhage in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009
Prostaglandins do not modulate renal haemodynamic responses to endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2007
Age‐dependent intrarenal expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in sheep
The FASEB Journal, Mar 1, 2006
Glomerular and tubular effects of nitric oxide (NO) are regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in an age-dependent manner through activation of both angiotensin receptors (AT1Rs and AT2Rs) in conscious lambs
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, Aug 31, 2017
Renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems and the balance and interaction between the... more Renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems and the balance and interaction between them are considered of primary importance in maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. It has been suggested that the effects of NO may be modulated at least in part by the angiotensin (Ang) II, yet the roles of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) are not well understood. Even though both Ang II and NO are elevated at birth and during the newborn period, their contribution to the adaptation of the newborn to life after birth as well as their physiological roles during development are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine if NO regulation of renal function during postnatal maturation is modulated by Ang II through activation of AT1R or AT2R or both receptors. Glomerular and tubular effects of either AT1R selective antagonist ZD 7155, AT2R selective antagonist PD 123319, and both antagonists ZD 7155 plus PD 123319, were measured in 1- (N = 9) and 6-week-old (N = 13) conscious, chronically instrumented lambs before and after removal of endogenous NO with l-arginine analogue, l-NAME. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures for repeated measures over time with factors age and treatment were used to compare the effects of the treatments on several glomerular and tubular variables in both groups. This study showed that l-NAME infusion after pre-treatment with ATR antagonists did not alter glomerular function in 1- or 6-week-old lambs. NO effects on electrolytes handling along the nephron during postnatal development were modulated by Ang II through AT1R and AT2R in an age-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of AT1R and AT2R increased excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl− in 6- but not in 1-week-old lambs. In 6-week-old lambs, urinary flow rate increased by 200%, free water clearance increased by 50%, and urine osmolality decreased by 40% after l-NAME was added to the pre-treatment with ZD 7155 plus PD 123319. When l-NAME was added either to ZD 7155 or PD 123319, the same trend in the alterations of these variables was observed, albeit to a lower degree. In conclusion, in conscious animals, during postnatal maturation, Ang II modulates the effects of NO on glomerular function, fluid, and electrolyte homeostasis through AT1Rs and AT2Rs in an age-dependent manner. Under physiological conditions, AT2Rs may potentiate the effects of AT1R, providing evidence of a crosstalk between ATRs in modulating NO effects on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during postnatal maturation. This study provides new insights on the regulation of renal function during early postnatal development showing that, compared with later in life, newborns have impaired capacity to regulate glomerular function, water, and electrolyte balance.
Journal of Applied Physiology, Aug 1, 1997
Effects of renal denervation on cardiovascular and renal responses to ACE inhibition in conscious... more Effects of renal denervation on cardiovascular and renal responses to ACE inhibition in conscious lambs. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 414-419, 1997.-Cardiovascular and renal effects of either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or vehicle were measured in chronically instrumented lambs in the presence (intact; n 5 6) and absence of renal sympathetic nerves (denervated; n 5 5) to determine whether there was an interaction between the reninangiotensin system and renal sympathetic nerves early in life. Captopril caused a similar decrease in mean arterial pressure (P , 0.001) in intact and denervated lambs, predominantly through a decrease in diastolic pressure. Heart rate was increased from 177 6 34 to 213 6 22 (SD) beats/min during captopril compared with vehicle infusion in intact lambs. In denervated lambs, basal heart rates were elevated to 218 6 33 beats/min; there was no further increase in heart rate during captopril compared with vehicle infusion. Captopril infusion caused a decrease in renal vascular resistance but only in the absence of renal nerves. These findings provide evidence to suggest that early in life there is an interaction between renal sympathetic nerves and the reninangiotensin system in regulating renal hemodynamics and the baroreflex control of the heart. angiotensin-converting enzyme; renal nerves; newborn; angiotensin II; captopril; blood pressure; baroreflex
Spatial and temporal distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the developing ovine kidney
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009
Age dependent effects of haemorrhage on the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious lambs
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2009