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Papers by PANAGIOTIS ZARKOS
IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2022
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
Optical ultrasound detection using microring resonators (MRRs) in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI ele... more Optical ultrasound detection using microring resonators (MRRs) in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI electronic-photonic platform with high intrinsic sensitivity of 39.6 fm/kPa and frequency response of 6MHz is reported.
AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2021
An optimization methodology for a popular class of differential RF switched-capacitor power ampli... more An optimization methodology for a popular class of differential RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers exhibiting high efficiency, output power and linearity is presented. Analytical maximization of the output power with respect to component values provides explicit formulas and design guidelines for the amplifier’s core and the tuning of the matching network, that can be used as a starting point for the design and trimming of the power amplifier circuit in an IC design environment.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
We demonstrate the world's first fully integrated electronic-photonic label-free molecular se... more We demonstrate the world's first fully integrated electronic-photonic label-free molecular sensor in a CMOS 45RFSOI commercial process. Real-time kinetics with 100nm lipid nanoparticles, mimicking SARS-CoV-2 particles, are presented utilizing micro-ring resonators integrated with on-chip electronics.
2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 2021
This paper presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensor... more This paper presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensors targeting low-power miniaturized ultrasound probes for endoscopic applications. Fabricated in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI technology this Electronic-Photonic System on Chip (EPSoC), utilizes micro-ring resonators (MRRs) as ultrasound sensors instead of the traditional piezoelectric or capacitive micromachined transducers (PMUTs or CMUTs). The photonic nature of the sensor enables remoting the power-hungry receive electronics outside the probe tip, lowering the power dissipation inside the human body, eliminates the electrical cabling and reduces fiber count by 4x using wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) MRR sensors coupled onto the same waveguide. The photonic sensing element demonstrates >30 MHz bandwidth, and 7.3 mV/kPa sensitivity, while consuming 0.43 mW of power.
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters
2021 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)
Immediate and widely accessible diagnostics are the key for halting rapidly spreading, and potent... more Immediate and widely accessible diagnostics are the key for halting rapidly spreading, and potentially fatal pathogens. A low cost, scalable, real-time biosensing platform unlocks the path towards miniaturized and cost-effective Point of Care (POC) sensors. Here we solve this problem by developing the world’s first fully integrated electronic-photonic, real-time, label-free Refractive Index (RI) sensor, utilizing on-chip electronics and micro-ring resonators (MRRs) in a commercial CMOS 45nm RFSOI platform. RI sensing and real time molecular kinetics are demonstrated for the first time in a monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chip without requiring bulky optics and off-chip electronic equipment, enabling self-contained real-time POC sensors. The sensitivity performance corresponds to a limit of detection (LoD) of a single 100nm nanoparticle, similar to the size and RI of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Detailed state-space modeling and analysis of a class of RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers a... more Detailed state-space modeling and analysis of a class of RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers achieving high efficiency, output power, and linearity are presented. Time-domain voltage and current waveforms are analytically obtained via the steady-state solution of the amplifier's model equations. The output power of the fundamental and that of the harmonics, as well as the drain efficiency of the switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) are derived. The state-space model is implemented in MATLAB and all theoretical results are compared to Cadence Spectre simulation of the SCPA and are found to be in good agreement.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
The first optical ultrasound sensor with co-integrated read-out circuitry is presented. Based on ... more The first optical ultrasound sensor with co-integrated read-out circuitry is presented. Based on a micro-ring resonator (MRR), it has a measured 7.3mV/kPa sensitivity, 480Pa minimum detectable pressure, operating at 80% fractional bandwidth around 5MHz.
IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society
The recent pandemic has shown that accurate and on-demand information on various infections requi... more The recent pandemic has shown that accurate and on-demand information on various infections requires highly versatile, Pointof-Care (PoC) platforms providing diagnostic and prognostic multiparametric information, personalized to each patient. Despite the significant progress made over the last years in various biosensing technologies, existing solutions fail to meet the power and area requirements needed for highly scalable and portable next-generation PoC devices. This work presents a solution based on a first of its kind fully integrated electronic-photonic platform in a zero-change high volume CMOS-SOI process, tailored towards molecular and ultrasound sensing applications. Leveraging co-integration of 10µm micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with on-chip electronics, we address the current needs of scalability, power and area by providing nanophotonic sensing and readout processing on a monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chip (EPSoC). This work unlocks the door towards complete and self-contained Lab-on-Chip (LoC) systems, capable of providing multiparametric biosensing information.
2014 21st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), 2014
IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2022
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
Optical ultrasound detection using microring resonators (MRRs) in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI ele... more Optical ultrasound detection using microring resonators (MRRs) in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI electronic-photonic platform with high intrinsic sensitivity of 39.6 fm/kPa and frequency response of 6MHz is reported.
AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2021
An optimization methodology for a popular class of differential RF switched-capacitor power ampli... more An optimization methodology for a popular class of differential RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers exhibiting high efficiency, output power and linearity is presented. Analytical maximization of the output power with respect to component values provides explicit formulas and design guidelines for the amplifier’s core and the tuning of the matching network, that can be used as a starting point for the design and trimming of the power amplifier circuit in an IC design environment.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
We demonstrate the world's first fully integrated electronic-photonic label-free molecular se... more We demonstrate the world's first fully integrated electronic-photonic label-free molecular sensor in a CMOS 45RFSOI commercial process. Real-time kinetics with 100nm lipid nanoparticles, mimicking SARS-CoV-2 particles, are presented utilizing micro-ring resonators integrated with on-chip electronics.
2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 2021
This paper presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensor... more This paper presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensors targeting low-power miniaturized ultrasound probes for endoscopic applications. Fabricated in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI technology this Electronic-Photonic System on Chip (EPSoC), utilizes micro-ring resonators (MRRs) as ultrasound sensors instead of the traditional piezoelectric or capacitive micromachined transducers (PMUTs or CMUTs). The photonic nature of the sensor enables remoting the power-hungry receive electronics outside the probe tip, lowering the power dissipation inside the human body, eliminates the electrical cabling and reduces fiber count by 4x using wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) MRR sensors coupled onto the same waveguide. The photonic sensing element demonstrates >30 MHz bandwidth, and 7.3 mV/kPa sensitivity, while consuming 0.43 mW of power.
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters
2021 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)
Immediate and widely accessible diagnostics are the key for halting rapidly spreading, and potent... more Immediate and widely accessible diagnostics are the key for halting rapidly spreading, and potentially fatal pathogens. A low cost, scalable, real-time biosensing platform unlocks the path towards miniaturized and cost-effective Point of Care (POC) sensors. Here we solve this problem by developing the world’s first fully integrated electronic-photonic, real-time, label-free Refractive Index (RI) sensor, utilizing on-chip electronics and micro-ring resonators (MRRs) in a commercial CMOS 45nm RFSOI platform. RI sensing and real time molecular kinetics are demonstrated for the first time in a monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chip without requiring bulky optics and off-chip electronic equipment, enabling self-contained real-time POC sensors. The sensitivity performance corresponds to a limit of detection (LoD) of a single 100nm nanoparticle, similar to the size and RI of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Detailed state-space modeling and analysis of a class of RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers a... more Detailed state-space modeling and analysis of a class of RF switched-capacitor power amplifiers achieving high efficiency, output power, and linearity are presented. Time-domain voltage and current waveforms are analytically obtained via the steady-state solution of the amplifier's model equations. The output power of the fundamental and that of the harmonics, as well as the drain efficiency of the switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) are derived. The state-space model is implemented in MATLAB and all theoretical results are compared to Cadence Spectre simulation of the SCPA and are found to be in good agreement.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
The first optical ultrasound sensor with co-integrated read-out circuitry is presented. Based on ... more The first optical ultrasound sensor with co-integrated read-out circuitry is presented. Based on a micro-ring resonator (MRR), it has a measured 7.3mV/kPa sensitivity, 480Pa minimum detectable pressure, operating at 80% fractional bandwidth around 5MHz.
IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society
The recent pandemic has shown that accurate and on-demand information on various infections requi... more The recent pandemic has shown that accurate and on-demand information on various infections requires highly versatile, Pointof-Care (PoC) platforms providing diagnostic and prognostic multiparametric information, personalized to each patient. Despite the significant progress made over the last years in various biosensing technologies, existing solutions fail to meet the power and area requirements needed for highly scalable and portable next-generation PoC devices. This work presents a solution based on a first of its kind fully integrated electronic-photonic platform in a zero-change high volume CMOS-SOI process, tailored towards molecular and ultrasound sensing applications. Leveraging co-integration of 10µm micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with on-chip electronics, we address the current needs of scalability, power and area by providing nanophotonic sensing and readout processing on a monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chip (EPSoC). This work unlocks the door towards complete and self-contained Lab-on-Chip (LoC) systems, capable of providing multiparametric biosensing information.
2014 21st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), 2014