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Papers by Robert Gerwarth
Central European History, 2007
1918 and the End of Europe’s Land Empires
This, the first of two complementary chapters on the First World War and its colonial aftermaths,... more This, the first of two complementary chapters on the First World War and its colonial aftermaths, focuses on the collapse of ‘compact’ empires in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. It conceptualizes the reconfiguration of Europe and its eastern borderlands after the collapse of Imperial Russia, Austria-Hungary and Imperial Germany as a form of decolonization internal to Europe during a ‘Greater War’ that, broadly speaking, continued until 1923. The global ramifications of this particularly European struggle became evident in new repressive techniques by colonial states and the widespread turn towards political violence to achieve the overthrow of imperial regimes.
November 1918: The German Revolution
Cold Empathy: Perpetrator Studies and the Challenges in Writing a Life of Reinhard Heydrich
El papel de la violencia en la contra-revolución europea, 1917-1939
The Problems of Genocide – A debate on A. Dirk Moses’ book on permanent security and the ‘language of transgression’
Journal of Modern European History
The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End
If it is true, as they say, that the victors write the history, then our understanding of World W... more If it is true, as they say, that the victors write the history, then our understanding of World War I and the century that followed is at the very least incomplete. Take, for example, the seemingly basic question of when the war ended. The standard date of November 11, 1918 privileges the experiences of the victors, most notably France, Great Britain and the United States, all of which use it as a time for national holidays based on war memorialization. Some war memorials use 1914 and 1919 to mark their periodization in recognition of June 28, 1919, the date of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles that legally ended the war with Germany. That date, too, privileges the victors. Moreover, the Paris Peace Conference produced four more treaties, the last, the Treaty of Sèvres, not signed until August 1920 then fundamentally revised by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Ordnungen in der Krise: Zur Politischen Kulturgeschichte Deutschlands 1900-1933
German History, 2008
Terrorism in Twentieth-Century Europe: Comparative and transnational perspectives
Die Buchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, by Jorn Leonhard
The English Historical Review, 2015
Chapter 7. Sexual and Nonsexual Violence Against “Politicized Women” in Central Europe After the Great War
From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights, 2000
The Collapse of the Ottoman andHabsburg Empires and the Brutalisationof the Successor States
Journal of Modern European History, 2015
Transnational Approachesto the «Crisis of Empire» after 1918/Introduction
Journal of Modern European History, 2015
Fighting the Red Beast Counter-Revolutionary Violence in the Defeated States of Central Europe
Legacies of Violence: Eastern Europe's First World War, 2000
The continuum of violence
The Cambridge History of the First World War, 2000
La Primera Guerra Mundial como conflicto imperial global
Revista De Occidente, 2014
L'antichambre de l'Holocauste ?
Vingtieme Siecle Revue D Histoire, Aug 19, 2008
Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...
Europeanization through Violence? Experiences of War and Destruction in the Making of Modern Europe
Political Violence in Europe's Long Twentieth Century
Αυτοκρατορική αποκάλυψη: η κατάρρευση της Οθωμανικής και της Αυστροουγγρικής αυτοκρατορίας και η κυριαρχία της βίας στα διάδοχα κράτη
Επιστήμη και Κοινωνία: Επιθεώρηση Πολιτικής και Ηθικής Θεωρίας, 2015
No abstract
Central European History, 2007
1918 and the End of Europe’s Land Empires
This, the first of two complementary chapters on the First World War and its colonial aftermaths,... more This, the first of two complementary chapters on the First World War and its colonial aftermaths, focuses on the collapse of ‘compact’ empires in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. It conceptualizes the reconfiguration of Europe and its eastern borderlands after the collapse of Imperial Russia, Austria-Hungary and Imperial Germany as a form of decolonization internal to Europe during a ‘Greater War’ that, broadly speaking, continued until 1923. The global ramifications of this particularly European struggle became evident in new repressive techniques by colonial states and the widespread turn towards political violence to achieve the overthrow of imperial regimes.
November 1918: The German Revolution
Cold Empathy: Perpetrator Studies and the Challenges in Writing a Life of Reinhard Heydrich
El papel de la violencia en la contra-revolución europea, 1917-1939
The Problems of Genocide – A debate on A. Dirk Moses’ book on permanent security and the ‘language of transgression’
Journal of Modern European History
The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End
If it is true, as they say, that the victors write the history, then our understanding of World W... more If it is true, as they say, that the victors write the history, then our understanding of World War I and the century that followed is at the very least incomplete. Take, for example, the seemingly basic question of when the war ended. The standard date of November 11, 1918 privileges the experiences of the victors, most notably France, Great Britain and the United States, all of which use it as a time for national holidays based on war memorialization. Some war memorials use 1914 and 1919 to mark their periodization in recognition of June 28, 1919, the date of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles that legally ended the war with Germany. That date, too, privileges the victors. Moreover, the Paris Peace Conference produced four more treaties, the last, the Treaty of Sèvres, not signed until August 1920 then fundamentally revised by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Ordnungen in der Krise: Zur Politischen Kulturgeschichte Deutschlands 1900-1933
German History, 2008
Terrorism in Twentieth-Century Europe: Comparative and transnational perspectives
Die Buchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, by Jorn Leonhard
The English Historical Review, 2015
Chapter 7. Sexual and Nonsexual Violence Against “Politicized Women” in Central Europe After the Great War
From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights, 2000
The Collapse of the Ottoman andHabsburg Empires and the Brutalisationof the Successor States
Journal of Modern European History, 2015
Transnational Approachesto the «Crisis of Empire» after 1918/Introduction
Journal of Modern European History, 2015
Fighting the Red Beast Counter-Revolutionary Violence in the Defeated States of Central Europe
Legacies of Violence: Eastern Europe's First World War, 2000
The continuum of violence
The Cambridge History of the First World War, 2000
La Primera Guerra Mundial como conflicto imperial global
Revista De Occidente, 2014
L'antichambre de l'Holocauste ?
Vingtieme Siecle Revue D Histoire, Aug 19, 2008
Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...
Europeanization through Violence? Experiences of War and Destruction in the Making of Modern Europe
Political Violence in Europe's Long Twentieth Century
Αυτοκρατορική αποκάλυψη: η κατάρρευση της Οθωμανικής και της Αυστροουγγρικής αυτοκρατορίας και η κυριαρχία της βίας στα διάδοχα κράτη
Επιστήμη και Κοινωνία: Επιθεώρηση Πολιτικής και Ηθικής Θεωρίας, 2015
No abstract
This is the first systematic pan-European study of the hundreds of thousands of non-Germans who f... more This is the first systematic pan-European study of the hundreds of thousands of non-Germans who fought - either voluntarily or under different kinds of pressures - for the Waffen-SS (or auxiliary police formations operating in the occupied East). Building on the findings of regional studies by other scholars - many of them included in this volume - The Waffen-SS aims to arrive at a fuller picture of those non-German citizens (from Eastern as well as Western Europe) who served under the SS flag. Where did the non-Germans in the SS come from (socially, geographically, and culturally)? What motivated them? What do we know about the practicalities of international collaboration in war and genocide, in terms of everyday life, language, and ideological training? Did a common transnational identity emerge as a result of shared ideological convictions or experiences of extreme violence? In order to address these questions (and others), The Waffen-SS adopts an approach that does justice to the complexity of the subject, adding a more nuanced, empirically sound understanding of collaboration in Europe during World War II, while also seeking to push the methodological boundaries of the historiographical genre of perpetrator studies by adopting a transnational approach.
J o c h e n B ö h l e r · R o b e r t G e r wa r t h Einleitung: Ost-und Südosteuropäer in der Wa... more J o c h e n B ö h l e r · R o b e r t G e r wa r t h Einleitung: Ost-und Südosteuropäer in der Waffen-SS "Am 23. 3. [1943] wurde auf Befehl eines Offiziers der 256. Inf.[anterie]Div.[ision] die gesamte Einwohnerschaft des Ortes Nikulinka erschossen und das Dorf niedergebrannt, da in der Nacht ein deutscher Unteroffizier in diesem Ort erschossen wurde. Die Einwohnerschaft im Bereich des VI. A.[rmee]K.[orps] kann mit geringen Ausnahmen als zuverlässig bezeichnet werden und hat sich den wenigen Banditen gegenüber stets ablehnend verhalten. Um die Bevölkerung und den O[rdnungs] D[ienst], auf deren Mitarbeit wir angewiesen sind, nicht auf die Seite der Banditen zu treiben, befehle ich, daß Sühnemaßnahmen wie oben geschildert, nur nach genauer Feststellung der Tatsachen und Untersuchung durch die Herren Divisionskommandeure befohlen werden können. gez. Jordan General der Infanterie" 1 Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs trugen Millionen von Männern deutsche Uniformen, die keine deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft besaßen. Im Frühjahr 1945 stammte über die Hälfte von einer Million Soldaten der Waffen-SS aus 15 anderen europäischen Nationen. In der Wehrmacht dienten insgesamt über zwei Millionen nichtdeutsche Soldaten. 2 Weitere nichtmilitärische Hilfsformationen wie etwa die weißrussischen und ukrainischen "Schutzmannschaften" kamen im Jahr 1942 auf über 300 000 Mann. Des Weiteren wurden in der besetzten Sowjetunion lokale Kräfte für einen "Ordnungsdienst" angeworben. 3