Jenella Loye | University of California, Davis (original) (raw)

Papers by Jenella Loye

Principles, Methods, and Uses, 2006

Page 277. 12 Evaluation of Topical Insect Repellents and Factors That Affect Their Performance Sc... more Page 277. 12 Evaluation of Topical Insect Repellents and Factors That Affect Their Performance Scott P. Carroll CONTENTS Introduction 245 History 246 Types of Tests—Background 247 Factors Affecting Repellent Performance ...

Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, 1985

The life history of the CL~$' swallow bug Oeciacus vicarius is closely associated with that of th... more The life history of the CL~$' swallow bug Oeciacus vicarius is closely associated with that of the cl@ swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota during the bird's three month breeding period in the Nearctic region. 2. The bugs are long lived, feed rapidly and lay eggs in several clutches that hatch in three-five-PS. Nymphs mature in approximately ten weeks and Will mate and reproduce as long as food is available. 3. The proportion of newly emerged male bugs is equal to that of females. Mating occurs befre winter when the ovaries of the female are still undeveloped. without re-mating. @ring by populations contain proportionately more females, which may disperse, feed and lay eggs 4. Bugs ('redominately adults) aggregate in the necks of the nests in colonies that were inhabited by bira!s the previous year. The arriva1 of the migratory swallows is characterized by " communal flighting " and exploration of the nests in several colonies, Bugs may disperse between colonies by clinging to the base of feathers at this time.

Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 1991

The association of immature ixodid ticks, several species of rodents, and the Lyme disease spiroc... more The association of immature ixodid ticks, several species of rodents, and the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, was studied in two habitats in northern California in spring and summer 1985 and year-round in 1986. A total of 428 rodents were collected from ecotonal chaparral and a woodland-grass-rock outcrop; the former habitat yielded six species, the latter three species. The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner), and the piñon mouse, P. truei (Shufeldt), were the dominant species year-round and collectively comprised 78% of rodents captured within chaparral and 87% from the rock outcrop in 1986. In both habitats, rodents were trapped most frequently in winter and spring, and least often in summer and fall. A total of 306 rodent blood films from all six species were assayed for spirochetes by direct immunofluorescence; of these, only one film prepared from P. truei (n = 123 films from 53 individual mice) was found to contain spirochetes. Immature western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, and Pacific Coast ticks, Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, were collected from each species of rodent. Larvae of I. pacificus infested P. maniculatus and P. truei in low numbers year-round, but nymphs of this tick rarely parasitized these rodents. D. occidentalis larvae infested P. maniculatus and P. truei in spring and particularly in summer; nymphal ticks infested these mice primarily in summer. The efficiency of visual inspection for collecting immatures of these ticks from P. maniculatus ranged from 45 to 69% in spring and summer, whereas the efficiency of a drop-off technique appeared to be 100%. Spirochetes were detected in <1% of D. occidentalis larvae (n = 310) and nymphs (n = 120), and in approximately 4% of I. pacificus larvae (n = 75) derived from these hosts. The potential significance od these findings in the enzootiology of B. burgdorferi is discussed.

Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 1988

... ricinus, the duration of activity is limited by the amount of fat reserves (Lees &amp... more ... ricinus, the duration of activity is limited by the amount of fat reserves (Lees & Milne 1951); if a similar phenomenon oc-curs in ... dent on hosts (eg, deer) that reuse established trails (Camin 1963, Nilsson & Lundquist 1978, Nosek 1978, Hoogstraal & Kim 1986; also see Lane et al ...

Geographic Variation in Behavior, 1999

Behavior, like other phenotypic traits, varies as a function of genes and environment. Variation ... more Behavior, like other phenotypic traits, varies as a function of genes and environment. Variation occurs at all demographic levels, within individuals over time, between individuals, and between populations and species. Whether variation is important will depend on the behavior and its context. For example, whether a bird scratches its head by extending a leg above or below the adjacent wing may not have profound fitness consequences, although species differences in this character may shed light on phylogenetic relationships (e.g., Wallace 1963; Simmons 1964). In contrast, other behaviors, such as the instantaneous decision to migrate or not, may affect fitness directly by altering the schedule of fecundity or mortality (Dingle et al. 1982). Such strategic behaviors (Maynard Smith 1982), which often depend for their expression on the assessment of local cues (Moran 1992), are complicated and important evolutionary traits. The phenotypic variability that defines them, however, has hin...

Journal of Insect Behavior, 1990

The ecological and social bases of the mating system of the seed-feeding bug, Dysdercus bimaculat... more The ecological and social bases of the mating system of the seed-feeding bug, Dysdercus bimaculatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), were studied in the lab and in aggregations at the host tree, Sterculia apetala (Malvales: Malvaceae), in Panama. On theoretical grounds, two factors are predicted to be of importance in determining the evolution of male mating tactics in this species: the operational sex ratio and the probability that undefended females will mate with other males, subjecting the gametes of deserters to sperm competition. Results of a study of a related species suggested that sperm displacement is probably substantial. Adult sex ratios at numerous sites were significantly male biased, and females whose mates were removed remated before oviposition (i. e., sperm utilization). These results predict that a mate defense tactic is likely to be superior to a nondefense tactic. The biological significance of the parameters is supported by observations that captive pairs often remained in copula for several days, until just before oviposition. However, substantial variation in copulation duration was also observed, and possible causes of this variation are considered. Causes of male biased adult sex ratios were investigated by monitoring demographic changes within a single aggregation over 2 months. Both female juvenile and adult mortality rates were greater than male. In addition, dissections of reproductive adults showed that the flight muscles of females, but not males, had histolyzed, so that female reproduction is physiologically limited to a single site. Greater rates of immigration among both mature and young males suggests that an excess of males may also be found in the populations of bugs that subsequently colonize other host plants, so that female scarcity is typical of aggregations in all stages of development. The evolution of sex-lim

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Sep 1, 2012

Soapberry bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) have recently colonized introduced and invas... more Soapberry bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) have recently colonized introduced and invasive plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), and they have rapidly differentiated as a result. These plants have been carried among continents at many places and times, and they may possess alien coevolutionary histories with other soapberry bug genera and species, exposing native bugs worldwide to both new challenges and new opportunities in host exploitation. To provide geographic and phylogenetic contexts for this human-catalyzed evolution, we analyzed the worldwide host relations of the three soapberry bug genera on native versus non-native sapinds. We found that the adopted introduced hosts are taxonomically distant from native hosts in six of seven global biogeographic regions. Only a few genera account for most of the introductions, and natives and non-natives are now reciprocally distributed across several pairs of continents. The evolutionary result may be local diversiÞcation, but also global convergence on currently rare bug phenotypes when plants with small endemic ranges are widely exported.

Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2006

We tested a lemon eucalyptus-based repellent against the biting midge Leptoconops carteri Hoffman... more We tested a lemon eucalyptus-based repellent against the biting midge Leptoconops carteri Hoffman in the Central Valley of California. This relatively new active ingredient has demonstrated high efficacy in a number of studies with mosquitoes. Ten subjects tested spray and lotion formulations on 2 consecutive days, along with a deet-positive control and an untreated control, with 6 h of continuous exposure per treatment. Half of the eucalyptus subjects received no bites, and the true median protection time probably exceeded the test duration.

Journal of Insect Conservation, Mar 1, 2006

The Miami blue butterfly, Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri (Lycaenidae), which was widespread in c... more The Miami blue butterfly, Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri (Lycaenidae), which was widespread in coastal southern Florida in the last century, is now reduced to a few dozen individuals on a single islet of the Florida Keys. We present the first account of its reproductive ecology, and analyze its decline. We correct the common view that a principal host plant, balloon vine, is an exotic weed. Four other insects also feed on seeds of balloon vine, including a true bug, a wasp, and another lycaenid hairstreak that colonized the area in 1970. Larvae of the two lycaenids were negatively associated across sites, due in part to oviposition decisions. Balloon vines were more likely to abort fruit containing larval blues than hairstreaks. Most focal host plants disappeared between 1988 and 2003, mainly due to human disturbance. In addition, comparative evidence suggests that the blue and wasp were more susceptible to mosquito control spraying than were the other insects.

Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2006

para-Menthane-3,8-diol(PMD) is a monoterpene spent product of the distillation of leaves of the A... more para-Menthane-3,8-diol(PMD) is a monoterpene spent product of the distillation of leaves of the Australian lemon-scented gum tree (updated nomenclature Corymbia citriodora ssp. citriodora). In April 2005, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) endorsed two non-deet mosquito repellents, including PMD. However, few mosquito professionals have in-depth familiarity with the history and efficacy of PMD. In this article, we describe the origin and development of PMD as a repellent and offer a comprehensive review of its performance against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Ochlerotatus. In addition, we present original data from field and laboratory studies involving large numbers of subjects and comparisons with high-concentration deet and other repellents. We conclude that not only is the CDC endorsement warranted but also that it probably underestimates the value of PMD as a deet alternative for public health applications.

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Mar 1, 1998

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, May 1, 1987

Page 1. Specialization of Jadera Species (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) on the Seeds of Sapindaceae (Sap... more Page 1. Specialization of Jadera Species (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) on the Seeds of Sapindaceae (Sapindales), and (Revolutionary Responses of Defense and Attack SCOTT P. CARROLL1 AND JENELLA E. LOYE2 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. ...

Page 195. 12 Managing Phenotypic Variability with Genetic and Environmental Heterogeneity: Adapta... more Page 195. 12 Managing Phenotypic Variability with Genetic and Environmental Heterogeneity: Adaptation as a First Principle of Conservation Practice SCOTT P. CARROLL JASON V. WATTERS Seasons pass, succession proceeds, landscapes riseand erode. ...

Page 1. 140 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol .20(4) 2005 Invasion history and ecology of the enviro... more Page 1. 140 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol .20(4) 2005 Invasion history and ecology of the environmental weed balloon vine, Cardiospermum grandiflorum Swartz, in Australia Scott P. Carroll*B, Michael Mathiesonc and Jenella ...

Principles, Methods, and Uses, 2006

Page 277. 12 Evaluation of Topical Insect Repellents and Factors That Affect Their Performance Sc... more Page 277. 12 Evaluation of Topical Insect Repellents and Factors That Affect Their Performance Scott P. Carroll CONTENTS Introduction 245 History 246 Types of Tests—Background 247 Factors Affecting Repellent Performance ...

Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, 1985

The life history of the CL~$' swallow bug Oeciacus vicarius is closely associated with that of th... more The life history of the CL~$' swallow bug Oeciacus vicarius is closely associated with that of the cl@ swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota during the bird's three month breeding period in the Nearctic region. 2. The bugs are long lived, feed rapidly and lay eggs in several clutches that hatch in three-five-PS. Nymphs mature in approximately ten weeks and Will mate and reproduce as long as food is available. 3. The proportion of newly emerged male bugs is equal to that of females. Mating occurs befre winter when the ovaries of the female are still undeveloped. without re-mating. @ring by populations contain proportionately more females, which may disperse, feed and lay eggs 4. Bugs ('redominately adults) aggregate in the necks of the nests in colonies that were inhabited by bira!s the previous year. The arriva1 of the migratory swallows is characterized by " communal flighting " and exploration of the nests in several colonies, Bugs may disperse between colonies by clinging to the base of feathers at this time.

Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 1991

The association of immature ixodid ticks, several species of rodents, and the Lyme disease spiroc... more The association of immature ixodid ticks, several species of rodents, and the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, was studied in two habitats in northern California in spring and summer 1985 and year-round in 1986. A total of 428 rodents were collected from ecotonal chaparral and a woodland-grass-rock outcrop; the former habitat yielded six species, the latter three species. The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner), and the piñon mouse, P. truei (Shufeldt), were the dominant species year-round and collectively comprised 78% of rodents captured within chaparral and 87% from the rock outcrop in 1986. In both habitats, rodents were trapped most frequently in winter and spring, and least often in summer and fall. A total of 306 rodent blood films from all six species were assayed for spirochetes by direct immunofluorescence; of these, only one film prepared from P. truei (n = 123 films from 53 individual mice) was found to contain spirochetes. Immature western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, and Pacific Coast ticks, Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, were collected from each species of rodent. Larvae of I. pacificus infested P. maniculatus and P. truei in low numbers year-round, but nymphs of this tick rarely parasitized these rodents. D. occidentalis larvae infested P. maniculatus and P. truei in spring and particularly in summer; nymphal ticks infested these mice primarily in summer. The efficiency of visual inspection for collecting immatures of these ticks from P. maniculatus ranged from 45 to 69% in spring and summer, whereas the efficiency of a drop-off technique appeared to be 100%. Spirochetes were detected in <1% of D. occidentalis larvae (n = 310) and nymphs (n = 120), and in approximately 4% of I. pacificus larvae (n = 75) derived from these hosts. The potential significance od these findings in the enzootiology of B. burgdorferi is discussed.

Journal of Medical Entomology, Sep 1, 1988

... ricinus, the duration of activity is limited by the amount of fat reserves (Lees &amp... more ... ricinus, the duration of activity is limited by the amount of fat reserves (Lees & Milne 1951); if a similar phenomenon oc-curs in ... dent on hosts (eg, deer) that reuse established trails (Camin 1963, Nilsson & Lundquist 1978, Nosek 1978, Hoogstraal & Kim 1986; also see Lane et al ...

Geographic Variation in Behavior, 1999

Behavior, like other phenotypic traits, varies as a function of genes and environment. Variation ... more Behavior, like other phenotypic traits, varies as a function of genes and environment. Variation occurs at all demographic levels, within individuals over time, between individuals, and between populations and species. Whether variation is important will depend on the behavior and its context. For example, whether a bird scratches its head by extending a leg above or below the adjacent wing may not have profound fitness consequences, although species differences in this character may shed light on phylogenetic relationships (e.g., Wallace 1963; Simmons 1964). In contrast, other behaviors, such as the instantaneous decision to migrate or not, may affect fitness directly by altering the schedule of fecundity or mortality (Dingle et al. 1982). Such strategic behaviors (Maynard Smith 1982), which often depend for their expression on the assessment of local cues (Moran 1992), are complicated and important evolutionary traits. The phenotypic variability that defines them, however, has hin...

Journal of Insect Behavior, 1990

The ecological and social bases of the mating system of the seed-feeding bug, Dysdercus bimaculat... more The ecological and social bases of the mating system of the seed-feeding bug, Dysdercus bimaculatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), were studied in the lab and in aggregations at the host tree, Sterculia apetala (Malvales: Malvaceae), in Panama. On theoretical grounds, two factors are predicted to be of importance in determining the evolution of male mating tactics in this species: the operational sex ratio and the probability that undefended females will mate with other males, subjecting the gametes of deserters to sperm competition. Results of a study of a related species suggested that sperm displacement is probably substantial. Adult sex ratios at numerous sites were significantly male biased, and females whose mates were removed remated before oviposition (i. e., sperm utilization). These results predict that a mate defense tactic is likely to be superior to a nondefense tactic. The biological significance of the parameters is supported by observations that captive pairs often remained in copula for several days, until just before oviposition. However, substantial variation in copulation duration was also observed, and possible causes of this variation are considered. Causes of male biased adult sex ratios were investigated by monitoring demographic changes within a single aggregation over 2 months. Both female juvenile and adult mortality rates were greater than male. In addition, dissections of reproductive adults showed that the flight muscles of females, but not males, had histolyzed, so that female reproduction is physiologically limited to a single site. Greater rates of immigration among both mature and young males suggests that an excess of males may also be found in the populations of bugs that subsequently colonize other host plants, so that female scarcity is typical of aggregations in all stages of development. The evolution of sex-lim

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Sep 1, 2012

Soapberry bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) have recently colonized introduced and invas... more Soapberry bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae) have recently colonized introduced and invasive plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), and they have rapidly differentiated as a result. These plants have been carried among continents at many places and times, and they may possess alien coevolutionary histories with other soapberry bug genera and species, exposing native bugs worldwide to both new challenges and new opportunities in host exploitation. To provide geographic and phylogenetic contexts for this human-catalyzed evolution, we analyzed the worldwide host relations of the three soapberry bug genera on native versus non-native sapinds. We found that the adopted introduced hosts are taxonomically distant from native hosts in six of seven global biogeographic regions. Only a few genera account for most of the introductions, and natives and non-natives are now reciprocally distributed across several pairs of continents. The evolutionary result may be local diversiÞcation, but also global convergence on currently rare bug phenotypes when plants with small endemic ranges are widely exported.

Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2006

We tested a lemon eucalyptus-based repellent against the biting midge Leptoconops carteri Hoffman... more We tested a lemon eucalyptus-based repellent against the biting midge Leptoconops carteri Hoffman in the Central Valley of California. This relatively new active ingredient has demonstrated high efficacy in a number of studies with mosquitoes. Ten subjects tested spray and lotion formulations on 2 consecutive days, along with a deet-positive control and an untreated control, with 6 h of continuous exposure per treatment. Half of the eucalyptus subjects received no bites, and the true median protection time probably exceeded the test duration.

Journal of Insect Conservation, Mar 1, 2006

The Miami blue butterfly, Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri (Lycaenidae), which was widespread in c... more The Miami blue butterfly, Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri (Lycaenidae), which was widespread in coastal southern Florida in the last century, is now reduced to a few dozen individuals on a single islet of the Florida Keys. We present the first account of its reproductive ecology, and analyze its decline. We correct the common view that a principal host plant, balloon vine, is an exotic weed. Four other insects also feed on seeds of balloon vine, including a true bug, a wasp, and another lycaenid hairstreak that colonized the area in 1970. Larvae of the two lycaenids were negatively associated across sites, due in part to oviposition decisions. Balloon vines were more likely to abort fruit containing larval blues than hairstreaks. Most focal host plants disappeared between 1988 and 2003, mainly due to human disturbance. In addition, comparative evidence suggests that the blue and wasp were more susceptible to mosquito control spraying than were the other insects.

Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, Sep 1, 2006

para-Menthane-3,8-diol(PMD) is a monoterpene spent product of the distillation of leaves of the A... more para-Menthane-3,8-diol(PMD) is a monoterpene spent product of the distillation of leaves of the Australian lemon-scented gum tree (updated nomenclature Corymbia citriodora ssp. citriodora). In April 2005, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) endorsed two non-deet mosquito repellents, including PMD. However, few mosquito professionals have in-depth familiarity with the history and efficacy of PMD. In this article, we describe the origin and development of PMD as a repellent and offer a comprehensive review of its performance against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Ochlerotatus. In addition, we present original data from field and laboratory studies involving large numbers of subjects and comparisons with high-concentration deet and other repellents. We conclude that not only is the CDC endorsement warranted but also that it probably underestimates the value of PMD as a deet alternative for public health applications.

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Mar 1, 1998

Annals of The Entomological Society of America, May 1, 1987

Page 1. Specialization of Jadera Species (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) on the Seeds of Sapindaceae (Sap... more Page 1. Specialization of Jadera Species (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) on the Seeds of Sapindaceae (Sapindales), and (Revolutionary Responses of Defense and Attack SCOTT P. CARROLL1 AND JENELLA E. LOYE2 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. ...

Page 195. 12 Managing Phenotypic Variability with Genetic and Environmental Heterogeneity: Adapta... more Page 195. 12 Managing Phenotypic Variability with Genetic and Environmental Heterogeneity: Adaptation as a First Principle of Conservation Practice SCOTT P. CARROLL JASON V. WATTERS Seasons pass, succession proceeds, landscapes riseand erode. ...

Page 1. 140 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol .20(4) 2005 Invasion history and ecology of the enviro... more Page 1. 140 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol .20(4) 2005 Invasion history and ecology of the environmental weed balloon vine, Cardiospermum grandiflorum Swartz, in Australia Scott P. Carroll*B, Michael Mathiesonc and Jenella ...