Angel Spotorno - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Angel Spotorno
Prefacio
Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015
Las grandes ideas de la genética y su importancia en la vida diaria
Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015
Analisis electroforetico y biometrico de dos especies de phyllotis en chile central y sus hibridos experimentales
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1983
Journal of Mammalogy, Feb 1, 2005
Phylogeographic relationships were evaluated at the intraspecific level using nucleotide sequence... more Phylogeographic relationships were evaluated at the intraspecific level using nucleotide sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of representative specimens of ''colilargo'' (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) from 31 localities, along its distributional range over a large part of the western Andes and southern Argentina. Based on approximately 1,000 base pairs (bp), we recognized a single species on both the Chilean and the Argentinean side as far as at least latitude 518S, rejecting the subspecific distinctiveness of longicaudatus and philippi. We thus placed the latter in full synonymy with O. longicaudatus as earlier studies proposed, and enlarged its range as far as Torres del Paine, about 518S. The occurrence of subspecies in this range is doubtful given the low sequence divergence values and the absence of significant associations between haplotypes and their geography. Additionally, we hypothesized that the entrance of this species into the Chilean side of the Andes mountains occurred through the Patagonian forests of southern Argentina, with further dispersal to the north from the south.
Phylogenetic relationships among South American subspecies of camelids based on sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondrial genes
Journal of Zoology, May 24, 2006
To test whether there are differences between living lineages of domestic guinea pigs Cavia porce... more To test whether there are differences between living lineages of domestic guinea pigs Cavia porcellus, we studied 118 specimens from six breeds collected along six Andean countries as well as 15 from the wild cavy species (Cavia tschudii). The mean weight and body length of 15 adult wild cavies (295 AE 31 g, 242 AE 8.3 mm) were significantly smaller than 25 creole guinea pigs from Bolivia and Chile (639 AE 157 g, 287 AE 23.7 mm, respectively). Eighteen laboratory/pet guinea pigs (including the English Pirbright breed) were also smaller (900 AE 173 g, 308 AE 21 mm) than 25 improved ones from Peru (Tamborada breed, 1241 AE 75.4 g, 317 AE 12 mm) and Ecuador (Auqui breed, 1138 AE 65.5 g, 307 AE 8 mm). Similar size increases appeared in the first axis of a principal component analysis of six skeletal measurements, recovering 84% of total variation. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses of complete cytochrome b gene sequences consistently joined all 22 domestic individuals (13 shared unambiguous substitutions, 100% bootstrap in 1000 replicates), probably from a single first ancient domestication in the western Andes. Six laboratory/ pet sequences were also joined within a common branch (six shared substitutions, 96% bootstrap), probably from a documented European second phase. By contrast, those from improved Auqui joined a northern creole subgroup (one shared substitution, 84% bootstrap), and those from Nativa and improved Tamborada clustered together and with a southern creole subgroup (four shared substitutions, 86% bootstrap); this suggests at least two independent modern events during a more complex third phase, producing two improved guinea pigs selected for size and meat. Cavia tschudii sequences showed some unexpected geographic variation.
Molecular diversity among domestic guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) and their close phylogenetic relationship with the Andean wild species Cavia tschudii Diversidad molecular entre cuyes domésticos (Cavia porcellus) y su relación filogenética cercana con la especie silvestre andina Cavia tschudii
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2004
Comparative Quantitative Genetics of the Pelvis in Four-Species of Rodents and the Conservation of Genetic Covariance and Correlation Structure
Evolutionary Biology, 2022
Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutiona... more Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutionary scale. This predictive power primarily comes from the Lande equation (Δ z̅ = Gβ ), a multivariate expansion of the breeder’s equation, where phenotypic change (Δ z̅ ) is predicted from the genetic covariances ( G ) and selection ( β ). Typically restricted to generational change, evolutionary biologists have proposed that quantitative genetics could bridge micro- and macroevolutionary patterns if predictions were expanded to longer timescales. While mathematically possible, making quantitative genetic predictions across generations or species is contentiously debated, principally in assuming long-term stability of the G -matrix. Here we tested stability at a macroevolutionary timescale by conducting full- and half-sib breeding programs in two species of sigmodontine rodents from South America, the leaf-eared mice Phyllotis vaccarum and P. darwini and estimated the G -matrices for eight pelvic traits. To expand our phylogenetic breadth, we incorporated two additional G -matrices measured for the same traits from Kohn & Atchley’s 1988 study of the murine rodents Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus . Using a phylogenetic comparative framework and four separate metrics of matrix divergence or similarity, we found no significant association between evolutionary divergence among species G -matrices and time, supporting the assumption of stability for at least some structures. However, the phylogenetic sample size is necessarily small. We suggest that small fluctuations in covariance structure can occur rapidly, but underlying developmental regulation prevents significant divergence at macroevolutionary scales, analogous to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck pattern. Expanded taxonomic sampling will be needed to test this suggestion.
Las grandes ideas de la evolución y su importancia en la vida diaria
Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015
Estrategias para la enseñanza de la evolución
Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015
El privilegio y la responsabilidad del cientifico al publicar
A New Subspecies of Agastopsylla Nylota (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from Chile, With a Key to the Known Taxa
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1984
A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to th... more A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to this genus are briefly discussed, and a revised key to both sexes, where these are known, is presented.
A Molecular Reappraisal of the Systematics of the Leaf-Eared Mice Phyllotis and their RelativesUna Re-Evaluacion Molecular De La Sistematica Del Genero Phyllotis Y Sus Grupos Hermanos
The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007
Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mamma... more Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mammal family group. Although 4 out of the 7 genera have very similar karyotypes to the one found in Octodon de gus 2n=58, NF=116, other two genera are extremely divergent ones. We describe and compare here the undescribed chromosome data from seven specimens of Octodon lunatus 2n=78, NF=128, and of thirteen specimens of Abrocoma bennetti 2n=64, NF= 114, from the related monogenetic Abrocomidae. Karyotype and chromosome analysis based on shape, size, and G-, C-, and AgAs bands detected 20 and 7 telocentric pairs respectively. Most of these characters were previously unknown in non-Ctenomys octodontoids. Some large metacentric chromosomes differed among species, and the differences in G bands were more abundant than what would be expected from their 2n and NF. C bands were very heterogenous withinkaryotypes. The general cytogenetics features of Abrocoma were nearer to those of 4 octodontid gen...
Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones y Maladaptaciones
Revista de Innovación en Enseñanza de las Ciencias
La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que ... more La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que son aquí revisados en el marco de teorías biológicas clásicas y modernas. Incluye adaptaciones reproductivas, metabólicas, cognitivas y sociales, que le permitieron conquistar la Tierra, proliferar en dos saltos poblacionales y modificar dramáticamente los biomas del planeta a escalas sin precedentes; emerge así una nueva época, el Antropoceno. Para explicar las causas mayores de esta odisea, describiremos algunos rasgos humanos relevantes en el marco de la teoría sintética de la evolución, sus consecuencias, y el surgimiento de diversos procesos: la revolución cognitiva, el poblamiento global, la domesticación, la tragedia de los comunes y la evolución cultural. Esta última exige un nuevo marco teórico más inclusivo: la teoría de construcción de nicho en ecología y la teoría sintética extendida, recientemente propuestas; la evolución es considerada entonces como un proceso interactivo o...
The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007
to investigate the origins and domestication of guinea pigs, or cuyes (Cavia porcellus), we re-an... more to investigate the origins and domestication of guinea pigs, or cuyes (Cavia porcellus), we re-analyzed 12S rrNa (759 bp) and cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) sequence data from relevant species and breeds. Seventeen pre-Columbian mummified cuyes from southern Peru and northern Chile sites are described and compared with both domesticated (living andean creole and European breeds) and wild species. all molecular analyses point to the western C. tschudii rather than to the eastern C. aperea as the ancestral wild species. Domesticated andean and European cuyes were different both in biochemical and morphological analysis ; both breeds exhibited a lower neurocranium than that of C. tschudii. Principal component analysis of skeletal measurements showed that most of the mummies anayzed were juveniles, but at least 2 appeared to be adults when compared with wild and andean cuyes. the degree of domestication in these mummies was evaluated under the criteria of the "domestication syndrome": their size, hair color and design polymorphisms, and lower skulls demonstrated that they were fully domesticated in southern Perú-northern Chile more than 500 years before the arrival of Spaniards to the americas; this was the first or major step in the process of cuy domestication. the second stage was the European one, under a different selection regime acting for another 500 years. the third stage is ongoing, with heavy selection for size and meat volume.
Zootaxa
A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a m... more A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence obtained from a second individual from Cerro El Ahuaca, Loja Province, Ecuador. In several external and craniodental measurements, the new species differed significantly from the three congeneric species (greatest length of skull, basilar, nasal length, palatilar length, length of diastema, least interorbital breadth, breadth of rostrum and skull height). The cyt b sequence of the Ecuadorean viscacha differed by 14 exclusive nucleotide substitutions from all other sequences of Lagidium examined. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distances of the Ecuadorean sequence were 8.1–11.0% to L. peruanum, 7.9–9.9% to L. viscacia and 9.7% to L. wolffsohni. The single known population of the newly described species may not comprise more than a few dozen individuals and warrants urgent conservation actions.
Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)
Mammalian Species
The effect of teaching the nature of science on students’ acceptance and understanding of evolution: myth or reality?
Journal of Biological Education
Prefacio
Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015
Las grandes ideas de la genética y su importancia en la vida diaria
Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015
Analisis electroforetico y biometrico de dos especies de phyllotis en chile central y sus hibridos experimentales
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1983
Journal of Mammalogy, Feb 1, 2005
Phylogeographic relationships were evaluated at the intraspecific level using nucleotide sequence... more Phylogeographic relationships were evaluated at the intraspecific level using nucleotide sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of representative specimens of ''colilargo'' (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) from 31 localities, along its distributional range over a large part of the western Andes and southern Argentina. Based on approximately 1,000 base pairs (bp), we recognized a single species on both the Chilean and the Argentinean side as far as at least latitude 518S, rejecting the subspecific distinctiveness of longicaudatus and philippi. We thus placed the latter in full synonymy with O. longicaudatus as earlier studies proposed, and enlarged its range as far as Torres del Paine, about 518S. The occurrence of subspecies in this range is doubtful given the low sequence divergence values and the absence of significant associations between haplotypes and their geography. Additionally, we hypothesized that the entrance of this species into the Chilean side of the Andes mountains occurred through the Patagonian forests of southern Argentina, with further dispersal to the north from the south.
Phylogenetic relationships among South American subspecies of camelids based on sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondrial genes
Journal of Zoology, May 24, 2006
To test whether there are differences between living lineages of domestic guinea pigs Cavia porce... more To test whether there are differences between living lineages of domestic guinea pigs Cavia porcellus, we studied 118 specimens from six breeds collected along six Andean countries as well as 15 from the wild cavy species (Cavia tschudii). The mean weight and body length of 15 adult wild cavies (295 AE 31 g, 242 AE 8.3 mm) were significantly smaller than 25 creole guinea pigs from Bolivia and Chile (639 AE 157 g, 287 AE 23.7 mm, respectively). Eighteen laboratory/pet guinea pigs (including the English Pirbright breed) were also smaller (900 AE 173 g, 308 AE 21 mm) than 25 improved ones from Peru (Tamborada breed, 1241 AE 75.4 g, 317 AE 12 mm) and Ecuador (Auqui breed, 1138 AE 65.5 g, 307 AE 8 mm). Similar size increases appeared in the first axis of a principal component analysis of six skeletal measurements, recovering 84% of total variation. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses of complete cytochrome b gene sequences consistently joined all 22 domestic individuals (13 shared unambiguous substitutions, 100% bootstrap in 1000 replicates), probably from a single first ancient domestication in the western Andes. Six laboratory/ pet sequences were also joined within a common branch (six shared substitutions, 96% bootstrap), probably from a documented European second phase. By contrast, those from improved Auqui joined a northern creole subgroup (one shared substitution, 84% bootstrap), and those from Nativa and improved Tamborada clustered together and with a southern creole subgroup (four shared substitutions, 86% bootstrap); this suggests at least two independent modern events during a more complex third phase, producing two improved guinea pigs selected for size and meat. Cavia tschudii sequences showed some unexpected geographic variation.
Molecular diversity among domestic guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) and their close phylogenetic relationship with the Andean wild species Cavia tschudii Diversidad molecular entre cuyes domésticos (Cavia porcellus) y su relación filogenética cercana con la especie silvestre andina Cavia tschudii
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2004
Comparative Quantitative Genetics of the Pelvis in Four-Species of Rodents and the Conservation of Genetic Covariance and Correlation Structure
Evolutionary Biology, 2022
Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutiona... more Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutionary scale. This predictive power primarily comes from the Lande equation (Δ z̅ = Gβ ), a multivariate expansion of the breeder’s equation, where phenotypic change (Δ z̅ ) is predicted from the genetic covariances ( G ) and selection ( β ). Typically restricted to generational change, evolutionary biologists have proposed that quantitative genetics could bridge micro- and macroevolutionary patterns if predictions were expanded to longer timescales. While mathematically possible, making quantitative genetic predictions across generations or species is contentiously debated, principally in assuming long-term stability of the G -matrix. Here we tested stability at a macroevolutionary timescale by conducting full- and half-sib breeding programs in two species of sigmodontine rodents from South America, the leaf-eared mice Phyllotis vaccarum and P. darwini and estimated the G -matrices for eight pelvic traits. To expand our phylogenetic breadth, we incorporated two additional G -matrices measured for the same traits from Kohn & Atchley’s 1988 study of the murine rodents Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus . Using a phylogenetic comparative framework and four separate metrics of matrix divergence or similarity, we found no significant association between evolutionary divergence among species G -matrices and time, supporting the assumption of stability for at least some structures. However, the phylogenetic sample size is necessarily small. We suggest that small fluctuations in covariance structure can occur rapidly, but underlying developmental regulation prevents significant divergence at macroevolutionary scales, analogous to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck pattern. Expanded taxonomic sampling will be needed to test this suggestion.
Las grandes ideas de la evolución y su importancia en la vida diaria
Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015
Estrategias para la enseñanza de la evolución
Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015
El privilegio y la responsabilidad del cientifico al publicar
A New Subspecies of Agastopsylla Nylota (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from Chile, With a Key to the Known Taxa
Journal of Medical Entomology, 1984
A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to th... more A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to this genus are briefly discussed, and a revised key to both sexes, where these are known, is presented.
A Molecular Reappraisal of the Systematics of the Leaf-Eared Mice Phyllotis and their RelativesUna Re-Evaluacion Molecular De La Sistematica Del Genero Phyllotis Y Sus Grupos Hermanos
The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007
Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mamma... more Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mammal family group. Although 4 out of the 7 genera have very similar karyotypes to the one found in Octodon de gus 2n=58, NF=116, other two genera are extremely divergent ones. We describe and compare here the undescribed chromosome data from seven specimens of Octodon lunatus 2n=78, NF=128, and of thirteen specimens of Abrocoma bennetti 2n=64, NF= 114, from the related monogenetic Abrocomidae. Karyotype and chromosome analysis based on shape, size, and G-, C-, and AgAs bands detected 20 and 7 telocentric pairs respectively. Most of these characters were previously unknown in non-Ctenomys octodontoids. Some large metacentric chromosomes differed among species, and the differences in G bands were more abundant than what would be expected from their 2n and NF. C bands were very heterogenous withinkaryotypes. The general cytogenetics features of Abrocoma were nearer to those of 4 octodontid gen...
Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones y Maladaptaciones
Revista de Innovación en Enseñanza de las Ciencias
La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que ... more La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que son aquí revisados en el marco de teorías biológicas clásicas y modernas. Incluye adaptaciones reproductivas, metabólicas, cognitivas y sociales, que le permitieron conquistar la Tierra, proliferar en dos saltos poblacionales y modificar dramáticamente los biomas del planeta a escalas sin precedentes; emerge así una nueva época, el Antropoceno. Para explicar las causas mayores de esta odisea, describiremos algunos rasgos humanos relevantes en el marco de la teoría sintética de la evolución, sus consecuencias, y el surgimiento de diversos procesos: la revolución cognitiva, el poblamiento global, la domesticación, la tragedia de los comunes y la evolución cultural. Esta última exige un nuevo marco teórico más inclusivo: la teoría de construcción de nicho en ecología y la teoría sintética extendida, recientemente propuestas; la evolución es considerada entonces como un proceso interactivo o...
The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007
to investigate the origins and domestication of guinea pigs, or cuyes (Cavia porcellus), we re-an... more to investigate the origins and domestication of guinea pigs, or cuyes (Cavia porcellus), we re-analyzed 12S rrNa (759 bp) and cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) sequence data from relevant species and breeds. Seventeen pre-Columbian mummified cuyes from southern Peru and northern Chile sites are described and compared with both domesticated (living andean creole and European breeds) and wild species. all molecular analyses point to the western C. tschudii rather than to the eastern C. aperea as the ancestral wild species. Domesticated andean and European cuyes were different both in biochemical and morphological analysis ; both breeds exhibited a lower neurocranium than that of C. tschudii. Principal component analysis of skeletal measurements showed that most of the mummies anayzed were juveniles, but at least 2 appeared to be adults when compared with wild and andean cuyes. the degree of domestication in these mummies was evaluated under the criteria of the "domestication syndrome": their size, hair color and design polymorphisms, and lower skulls demonstrated that they were fully domesticated in southern Perú-northern Chile more than 500 years before the arrival of Spaniards to the americas; this was the first or major step in the process of cuy domestication. the second stage was the European one, under a different selection regime acting for another 500 years. the third stage is ongoing, with heavy selection for size and meat volume.
Zootaxa
A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a m... more A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence obtained from a second individual from Cerro El Ahuaca, Loja Province, Ecuador. In several external and craniodental measurements, the new species differed significantly from the three congeneric species (greatest length of skull, basilar, nasal length, palatilar length, length of diastema, least interorbital breadth, breadth of rostrum and skull height). The cyt b sequence of the Ecuadorean viscacha differed by 14 exclusive nucleotide substitutions from all other sequences of Lagidium examined. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distances of the Ecuadorean sequence were 8.1–11.0% to L. peruanum, 7.9–9.9% to L. viscacia and 9.7% to L. wolffsohni. The single known population of the newly described species may not comprise more than a few dozen individuals and warrants urgent conservation actions.
Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)
Mammalian Species
The effect of teaching the nature of science on students’ acceptance and understanding of evolution: myth or reality?
Journal of Biological Education