Angel Spotorno | Universidad de Chile (original) (raw)

Papers by Angel Spotorno

Research paper thumbnail of Prefacio

Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Las grandes ideas de la genética y su importancia en la vida diaria

Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Analisis electroforetico y biometrico de dos especies de phyllotis en chile central y sus hibridos experimentales

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1983

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogeography of Oligoryzomys Longicaudatus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in Temperate South America

Journal of Mammalogy, Feb 1, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogenetic relationships among South American subspecies of camelids based on sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondrial genes

Research paper thumbnail of Ancient and modern steps during the domestication of guinea pigs ( <i>Cavia porcellus</i> L.)

Journal of Zoology, May 24, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular diversity among domestic guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) and their close phylogenetic relationship with the Andean wild species Cavia tschudii Diversidad molecular entre cuyes domésticos (Cavia porcellus) y su relación filogenética cercana con la especie silvestre andina Cavia tschudii

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Quantitative Genetics of the Pelvis in Four-Species of Rodents and the Conservation of Genetic Covariance and Correlation Structure

Evolutionary Biology, 2022

Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutiona... more Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutionary scale. This predictive power primarily comes from the Lande equation (Δ z̅ = Gβ ), a multivariate expansion of the breeder’s equation, where phenotypic change (Δ z̅ ) is predicted from the genetic covariances ( G ) and selection ( β ). Typically restricted to generational change, evolutionary biologists have proposed that quantitative genetics could bridge micro- and macroevolutionary patterns if predictions were expanded to longer timescales. While mathematically possible, making quantitative genetic predictions across generations or species is contentiously debated, principally in assuming long-term stability of the G -matrix. Here we tested stability at a macroevolutionary timescale by conducting full- and half-sib breeding programs in two species of sigmodontine rodents from South America, the leaf-eared mice Phyllotis vaccarum and P. darwini and estimated the G -matrices for eight pelvic traits. To expand our phylogenetic breadth, we incorporated two additional G -matrices measured for the same traits from Kohn & Atchley’s 1988 study of the murine rodents Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus . Using a phylogenetic comparative framework and four separate metrics of matrix divergence or similarity, we found no significant association between evolutionary divergence among species G -matrices and time, supporting the assumption of stability for at least some structures. However, the phylogenetic sample size is necessarily small. We suggest that small fluctuations in covariance structure can occur rapidly, but underlying developmental regulation prevents significant divergence at macroevolutionary scales, analogous to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck pattern. Expanded taxonomic sampling will be needed to test this suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of Las grandes ideas de la evolución y su importancia en la vida diaria

Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Estrategias para la enseñanza de la evolución

Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of El privilegio y la responsabilidad del cientifico al publicar

Research paper thumbnail of A New Subspecies of Agastopsylla Nylota (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from Chile, With a Key to the Known Taxa

Journal of Medical Entomology, 1984

A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to th... more A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to this genus are briefly discussed, and a revised key to both sexes, where these are known, is presented.

Research paper thumbnail of A Molecular Reappraisal of the Systematics of the Leaf-Eared Mice Phyllotis and their RelativesUna Re-Evaluacion Molecular De La Sistematica Del Genero Phyllotis Y Sus Grupos Hermanos

The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Chromosome divergence of Octodon lunatus and Abrocoma bennetti and the origins of Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Histricognathi) Divergencia cromos6mica de Octodon lunatus y Abrocoma bennetti y los origenes de los Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Histricognathi)

Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mamma... more Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mammal family group. Although 4 out of the 7 genera have very similar karyotypes to the one found in Octodon de gus 2n=58, NF=116, other two genera are extremely divergent ones. We describe and compare here the undescribed chromosome data from seven specimens of Octodon lunatus 2n=78, NF=128, and of thirteen specimens of Abrocoma bennetti 2n=64, NF= 114, from the related monogenetic Abrocomidae. Karyotype and chromosome analysis based on shape, size, and G-, C-, and AgAs bands detected 20 and 7 telocentric pairs respectively. Most of these characters were previously unknown in non-Ctenomys octodontoids. Some large metacentric chromosomes differed among species, and the differences in G bands were more abundant than what would be expected from their 2n and NF. C bands were very heterogenous withinkaryotypes. The general cytogenetics features of Abrocoma were nearer to those of 4 octodontid gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones y Maladaptaciones

Research paper thumbnail of Evolución de la especie humana: ¿odisea o tragedia?

Revista de Innovación en Enseñanza de las Ciencias

La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que ... more La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que son aquí revisados en el marco de teorías biológicas clásicas y modernas. Incluye adaptaciones reproductivas, metabólicas, cognitivas y sociales, que le permitieron conquistar la Tierra, proliferar en dos saltos poblacionales y modificar dramáticamente los biomas del planeta a escalas sin precedentes; emerge así una nueva época, el Antropoceno. Para explicar las causas mayores de esta odisea, describiremos algunos rasgos humanos relevantes en el marco de la teoría sintética de la evolución, sus consecuencias, y el surgimiento de diversos procesos: la revolución cognitiva, el poblamiento global, la domesticación, la tragedia de los comunes y la evolución cultural. Esta última exige un nuevo marco teórico más inclusivo: la teoría de construcción de nicho en ecología y la teoría sintética extendida, recientemente propuestas; la evolución es considerada entonces como un proceso interactivo o...

Research paper thumbnail of Domestication of Guinea Pigs from a Southern Peru-Northern Chile Wild Species and their Middle Pre-Columbian MummiesDomesticacióN Del Cuy A Partir De Poblaciones Originarias Del Sur Del Perú Y Norte De Chile, Con La Descripción De Sus Momias Precolombinas

The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of A new species of Mountain Viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium Meyen) from the Ecuadorean Andes

Zootaxa

A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a m... more A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence obtained from a second individual from Cerro El Ahuaca, Loja Province, Ecuador. In several external and craniodental measurements, the new species differed significantly from the three congeneric species (greatest length of skull, basilar, nasal length, palatilar length, length of diastema, least interorbital breadth, breadth of rostrum and skull height). The cyt b sequence of the Ecuadorean viscacha differed by 14 exclusive nucleotide substitutions from all other sequences of Lagidium examined. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distances of the Ecuadorean sequence were 8.1–11.0% to L. peruanum, 7.9–9.9% to L. viscacia and 9.7% to L. wolffsohni. The single known population of the newly described species may not comprise more than a few dozen individuals and warrants urgent conservation actions.

Research paper thumbnail of Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of teaching the nature of science on students’ acceptance and understanding of evolution: myth or reality?

Journal of Biological Education

Research paper thumbnail of Prefacio

Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Las grandes ideas de la genética y su importancia en la vida diaria

Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso eBooks, Dec 31, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Analisis electroforetico y biometrico de dos especies de phyllotis en chile central y sus hibridos experimentales

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1983

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogeography of Oligoryzomys Longicaudatus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in Temperate South America

Journal of Mammalogy, Feb 1, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Phylogenetic relationships among South American subspecies of camelids based on sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondrial genes

Research paper thumbnail of Ancient and modern steps during the domestication of guinea pigs ( <i>Cavia porcellus</i> L.)

Journal of Zoology, May 24, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular diversity among domestic guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) and their close phylogenetic relationship with the Andean wild species Cavia tschudii Diversidad molecular entre cuyes domésticos (Cavia porcellus) y su relación filogenética cercana con la especie silvestre andina Cavia tschudii

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Quantitative Genetics of the Pelvis in Four-Species of Rodents and the Conservation of Genetic Covariance and Correlation Structure

Evolutionary Biology, 2022

Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutiona... more Quantitative genetics is a powerful tool for predicting phenotypic evolution on a microevolutionary scale. This predictive power primarily comes from the Lande equation (Δ z̅ = Gβ ), a multivariate expansion of the breeder’s equation, where phenotypic change (Δ z̅ ) is predicted from the genetic covariances ( G ) and selection ( β ). Typically restricted to generational change, evolutionary biologists have proposed that quantitative genetics could bridge micro- and macroevolutionary patterns if predictions were expanded to longer timescales. While mathematically possible, making quantitative genetic predictions across generations or species is contentiously debated, principally in assuming long-term stability of the G -matrix. Here we tested stability at a macroevolutionary timescale by conducting full- and half-sib breeding programs in two species of sigmodontine rodents from South America, the leaf-eared mice Phyllotis vaccarum and P. darwini and estimated the G -matrices for eight pelvic traits. To expand our phylogenetic breadth, we incorporated two additional G -matrices measured for the same traits from Kohn & Atchley’s 1988 study of the murine rodents Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus . Using a phylogenetic comparative framework and four separate metrics of matrix divergence or similarity, we found no significant association between evolutionary divergence among species G -matrices and time, supporting the assumption of stability for at least some structures. However, the phylogenetic sample size is necessarily small. We suggest that small fluctuations in covariance structure can occur rapidly, but underlying developmental regulation prevents significant divergence at macroevolutionary scales, analogous to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck pattern. Expanded taxonomic sampling will be needed to test this suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of Las grandes ideas de la evolución y su importancia en la vida diaria

Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Estrategias para la enseñanza de la evolución

Enseñar Evolución y Genética para la Alfabetización Científica, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of El privilegio y la responsabilidad del cientifico al publicar

Research paper thumbnail of A New Subspecies of Agastopsylla Nylota (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from Chile, With a Key to the Known Taxa

Journal of Medical Entomology, 1984

A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to th... more A new subspecies of Agastopsylla nylota is described from Chile. The other 4 taxa belonging to this genus are briefly discussed, and a revised key to both sexes, where these are known, is presented.

Research paper thumbnail of A Molecular Reappraisal of the Systematics of the Leaf-Eared Mice Phyllotis and their RelativesUna Re-Evaluacion Molecular De La Sistematica Del Genero Phyllotis Y Sus Grupos Hermanos

The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Chromosome divergence of Octodon lunatus and Abrocoma bennetti and the origins of Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Histricognathi) Divergencia cromos6mica de Octodon lunatus y Abrocoma bennetti y los origenes de los Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Histricognathi)

Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mamma... more Octodontoidea have 2n from 10 to 102, and NF from 16 to 202, the largest ranges known for a mammal family group. Although 4 out of the 7 genera have very similar karyotypes to the one found in Octodon de gus 2n=58, NF=116, other two genera are extremely divergent ones. We describe and compare here the undescribed chromosome data from seven specimens of Octodon lunatus 2n=78, NF=128, and of thirteen specimens of Abrocoma bennetti 2n=64, NF= 114, from the related monogenetic Abrocomidae. Karyotype and chromosome analysis based on shape, size, and G-, C-, and AgAs bands detected 20 and 7 telocentric pairs respectively. Most of these characters were previously unknown in non-Ctenomys octodontoids. Some large metacentric chromosomes differed among species, and the differences in G bands were more abundant than what would be expected from their 2n and NF. C bands were very heterogenous withinkaryotypes. The general cytogenetics features of Abrocoma were nearer to those of 4 octodontid gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Evolución Humana: Adaptaciones y Maladaptaciones

Research paper thumbnail of Evolución de la especie humana: ¿odisea o tragedia?

Revista de Innovación en Enseñanza de las Ciencias

La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que ... more La historia evolutiva de Homo sapiens ha sido modelada por múltiples factores sucesivos, los que son aquí revisados en el marco de teorías biológicas clásicas y modernas. Incluye adaptaciones reproductivas, metabólicas, cognitivas y sociales, que le permitieron conquistar la Tierra, proliferar en dos saltos poblacionales y modificar dramáticamente los biomas del planeta a escalas sin precedentes; emerge así una nueva época, el Antropoceno. Para explicar las causas mayores de esta odisea, describiremos algunos rasgos humanos relevantes en el marco de la teoría sintética de la evolución, sus consecuencias, y el surgimiento de diversos procesos: la revolución cognitiva, el poblamiento global, la domesticación, la tragedia de los comunes y la evolución cultural. Esta última exige un nuevo marco teórico más inclusivo: la teoría de construcción de nicho en ecología y la teoría sintética extendida, recientemente propuestas; la evolución es considerada entonces como un proceso interactivo o...

Research paper thumbnail of Domestication of Guinea Pigs from a Southern Peru-Northern Chile Wild Species and their Middle Pre-Columbian MummiesDomesticacióN Del Cuy A Partir De Poblaciones Originarias Del Sur Del Perú Y Norte De Chile, Con La Descripción De Sus Momias Precolombinas

The Quintessential NaturalistHonoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of A new species of Mountain Viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium Meyen) from the Ecuadorean Andes

Zootaxa

A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a m... more A new species of mountain viscacha, Lagidium ahuacaense, is described based on a specimen and a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence obtained from a second individual from Cerro El Ahuaca, Loja Province, Ecuador. In several external and craniodental measurements, the new species differed significantly from the three congeneric species (greatest length of skull, basilar, nasal length, palatilar length, length of diastema, least interorbital breadth, breadth of rostrum and skull height). The cyt b sequence of the Ecuadorean viscacha differed by 14 exclusive nucleotide substitutions from all other sequences of Lagidium examined. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distances of the Ecuadorean sequence were 8.1–11.0% to L. peruanum, 7.9–9.9% to L. viscacia and 9.7% to L. wolffsohni. The single known population of the newly described species may not comprise more than a few dozen individuals and warrants urgent conservation actions.

Research paper thumbnail of Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of teaching the nature of science on students’ acceptance and understanding of evolution: myth or reality?

Journal of Biological Education