Robert Bjork | University of California, Los Angeles (original) (raw)

Papers by Robert Bjork

Research paper thumbnail of When disfluency is—and is not—a desirable difficulty: The influence of typeface clarity on metacognitive judgments and memory

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing verbal redundancy in multimedia learning: An undesired desirable difficulty?

Research paper thumbnail of Kapacitets- och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB

Page 1. Kapacitets-och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Capacity and lead time analysis a... more Page 1. Kapacitets-och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Capacity and lead time analysis at A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Examensarbete utfört vid Institutionen för produktionsekonomi, Linköpings tekniska högskola och vid SKF Sverige AB av Robert Björk och ...

Research paper thumbnail of Explaining retrieval-induced forgetting: A change in mental context between the study and restudy practice phases is not sufficient to cause forgetting

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2016

Retrieving information can impair the subsequent recall of related information. Such retrieval-in... more Retrieving information can impair the subsequent recall of related information. Such retrieval-induced forgetting is often attributed to inhibitory mechanisms, but Jonker, MacLeod, and Seli (2013) recently proposed an alternative account. In their view, the study and retrieval-practice phases constitute two disparate contexts, and impairment of unpractised members from practised categories is attributable to their being absent from the retrieval-practice context, which is where, according to Jonker et al., participants preferentially search at the time of final test. In evidence of this account, Jonker et al. showed that even restudy practice-which is assumed by the inhibitory account to be insufficient to cause forgetting (i.e., retrieval-specificity)-can cause forgetting when a mental context change is inserted between study and restudy. The present research sought to replicate this finding while also testing the possibility that a far mental context change would cause more forget...

Research paper thumbnail of The Critical Importance of Retrieval-and Spacing-for Learning

Psychological science, 2016

We examined the impact of repeated testing and repeated studying on long-term learning. In Experi... more We examined the impact of repeated testing and repeated studying on long-term learning. In Experiment 1, we replicated Karpicke and Roediger's (2008) influential results showing that once information can be recalled, repeated testing on that information enhances learning, whereas restudying that information does not. We then examined whether the apparent ineffectiveness of restudying might be attributable to the spacing differences between items that were inherent in the between-subjects design employed by Karpicke and Roediger. When we controlled for these spacing differences by manipulating the various learning conditions within subjects in Experiment 2, we found that both repeated testing and restudying improved learning, and that learners' awareness of the relative mnemonic benefits of these strategies was enhanced. These findings contribute to understanding how two important factors in learning-test-induced retrieval processes and spacing-can interact, and they illustra...

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing Verbal Redundancy in Multimedia Learning: An Undesired Desirable Difficulty?

Journal of Educational Psychology, May 1, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory

Page 331. Retrieval Inhibition as an Adaptive Mechanism in Human Memory Robert A. Bjork Universit... more Page 331. Retrieval Inhibition as an Adaptive Mechanism in Human Memory Robert A. Bjork University of California, Los Angeles It is argued herein that inhibition plays an important role in higher-order as well as lower-order cognitive processes. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental context and human memory

Page 1. Memory & Cognition 1978, Vol. 6 (4) 342-353 Environmental context and... more Page 1. Memory & Cognition 1978, Vol. 6 (4) 342-353 Environmental context and human memory STEVEN M. SMITH and ARTHUR GLENBERG University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and ROBERT A. BJORK University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, California 90024 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Do students think that difficult or valuable materials should be restudied sooner rather than later

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Whitten_RBjork_1977.pdf

Research paper thumbnail of Testing facilitates the regulation of subsequent study time

Journal of Memory and Language, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Learning versus Performance

Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Why tests appear to prevent forgetting: A distribution-based bifurcation model

Journal of Memory and Language, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical implications of directed forgetting

Research paper thumbnail of Learning, Remembering, Believing. Enhancing Human Performance

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of Directed forgetting of individual words in free recall

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing our own competence: Heuristics and illusions

Research paper thumbnail of Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning

Research paper thumbnail of In the Mind''s Eye: Enhancing Human Performance

Page 1. ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. earnm, em e... more Page 1. ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. earnm, em em ben r * ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE Do not think of a white bear. Whatever else you do—whatever ...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Review Across the Century

Research paper thumbnail of When disfluency is—and is not—a desirable difficulty: The influence of typeface clarity on metacognitive judgments and memory

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing verbal redundancy in multimedia learning: An undesired desirable difficulty?

Research paper thumbnail of Kapacitets- och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB

Page 1. Kapacitets-och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Capacity and lead time analysis a... more Page 1. Kapacitets-och ledtidsanalys i A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Capacity and lead time analysis at A-härden, SKF Sverige AB Examensarbete utfört vid Institutionen för produktionsekonomi, Linköpings tekniska högskola och vid SKF Sverige AB av Robert Björk och ...

Research paper thumbnail of Explaining retrieval-induced forgetting: A change in mental context between the study and restudy practice phases is not sufficient to cause forgetting

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2016

Retrieving information can impair the subsequent recall of related information. Such retrieval-in... more Retrieving information can impair the subsequent recall of related information. Such retrieval-induced forgetting is often attributed to inhibitory mechanisms, but Jonker, MacLeod, and Seli (2013) recently proposed an alternative account. In their view, the study and retrieval-practice phases constitute two disparate contexts, and impairment of unpractised members from practised categories is attributable to their being absent from the retrieval-practice context, which is where, according to Jonker et al., participants preferentially search at the time of final test. In evidence of this account, Jonker et al. showed that even restudy practice-which is assumed by the inhibitory account to be insufficient to cause forgetting (i.e., retrieval-specificity)-can cause forgetting when a mental context change is inserted between study and restudy. The present research sought to replicate this finding while also testing the possibility that a far mental context change would cause more forget...

Research paper thumbnail of The Critical Importance of Retrieval-and Spacing-for Learning

Psychological science, 2016

We examined the impact of repeated testing and repeated studying on long-term learning. In Experi... more We examined the impact of repeated testing and repeated studying on long-term learning. In Experiment 1, we replicated Karpicke and Roediger's (2008) influential results showing that once information can be recalled, repeated testing on that information enhances learning, whereas restudying that information does not. We then examined whether the apparent ineffectiveness of restudying might be attributable to the spacing differences between items that were inherent in the between-subjects design employed by Karpicke and Roediger. When we controlled for these spacing differences by manipulating the various learning conditions within subjects in Experiment 2, we found that both repeated testing and restudying improved learning, and that learners' awareness of the relative mnemonic benefits of these strategies was enhanced. These findings contribute to understanding how two important factors in learning-test-induced retrieval processes and spacing-can interact, and they illustra...

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing Verbal Redundancy in Multimedia Learning: An Undesired Desirable Difficulty?

Journal of Educational Psychology, May 1, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory

Page 331. Retrieval Inhibition as an Adaptive Mechanism in Human Memory Robert A. Bjork Universit... more Page 331. Retrieval Inhibition as an Adaptive Mechanism in Human Memory Robert A. Bjork University of California, Los Angeles It is argued herein that inhibition plays an important role in higher-order as well as lower-order cognitive processes. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental context and human memory

Page 1. Memory & Cognition 1978, Vol. 6 (4) 342-353 Environmental context and... more Page 1. Memory & Cognition 1978, Vol. 6 (4) 342-353 Environmental context and human memory STEVEN M. SMITH and ARTHUR GLENBERG University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and ROBERT A. BJORK University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, California 90024 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Do students think that difficult or valuable materials should be restudied sooner rather than later

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Whitten_RBjork_1977.pdf

Research paper thumbnail of Testing facilitates the regulation of subsequent study time

Journal of Memory and Language, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Learning versus Performance

Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Why tests appear to prevent forgetting: A distribution-based bifurcation model

Journal of Memory and Language, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical implications of directed forgetting

Research paper thumbnail of Learning, Remembering, Believing. Enhancing Human Performance

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of Directed forgetting of individual words in free recall

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing our own competence: Heuristics and illusions

Research paper thumbnail of Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning

Research paper thumbnail of In the Mind''s Eye: Enhancing Human Performance

Page 1. ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. earnm, em e... more Page 1. ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. earnm, em em ben r * ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE Do not think of a white bear. Whatever else you do—whatever ...

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Review Across the Century