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Papers by Christine Galant

results: MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9 and -12 mRNAs levels were increased, whereas that of MMP-26 was de... more results: MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9 and -12 mRNAs levels were increased, whereas that of MMP-26 was decreased in the endometrium of LNG-IUS users. MMP-1, -2, -3, -7 and -9 were localized by immunohistochemistry in all biopsies in the short-term group but in only 0-27% in the control group. The incidence of positive immunostaining for MMP-2 and -3 decreased significantly

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2015

Given the crucial role of pathology reporting in the management of breast cancers, we aimed to in... more Given the crucial role of pathology reporting in the management of breast cancers, we aimed to investigate the quality and variability of breast cancer pathology reporting in Belgium. Detailed information on non-molecular and molecular parameters was retrieved from the pathology protocols available at the Belgian Cancer Registry for 10,007 breast cancers diagnosed in Belgium in 2008. Substantial underreporting was shown for several clinically relevant non-molecular parameters, such as lymphovascular invasion. High-volume laboratories performed only slightly better than others, and analyses at the individual laboratory level showed clear inter-laboratory variability in reporting for all volume categories. Information on ER/PR and HER2 IHC was mentioned in respectively 91.7% and 90.8% of evaluative cases. HER2 ISH data were available for 78.5% of the cases judged to be 2+ for HER2 IHC. For cases with different specimens analysed, discordance between these specimens was highest for HER...

Diagnostic and interventional imaging, 2012

To confirm whether fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can avoid close monitoring, a source of w... more To confirm whether fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can avoid close monitoring, a source of worry for women patients with a suspected fibroadenoma found by ultrasound, and requiring their compliance. Over 39months, 427 nodules with a diagnosis of fibroadenoma were sampled in 372 patients using ultrasound-guided FNAB. The sonographic appearance of all the nodules suggested BI-RADS category 3 fibroadenomas. The mean size of the fibroadenomas was 9mm. The mean duration of follow-up was 29.7months. Seven nodules had atypical cytology: a microbiopsy and/or excision found a simple fibroadenoma (n=3), mastitis (n=1), a fibroadenoma associated with a papilloma (n=1), fibrosis (n=1) and normal tissue (n=1). Seven other nodules were resected during treatment for synchronous cancer, and were diagnosed as fibroadenomas. Two hundred and seventy-six nodules were followed-up (121 patients were lost to follow-up [n=132]) and the appearance of 263 nodules (95.29%) was stable. Seven nodules, whic...

The American journal of pathology, 2004

Irregular dysfunctional bleeding of the endometrium (ie, metrorrhagia without organic lesion) is ... more Irregular dysfunctional bleeding of the endometrium (ie, metrorrhagia without organic lesion) is common in women, whether treated or not with ovarian hormones. Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) become normally expressed and/or activated at menstruation and cause extracellular matrix breakdown. We therefore explored whether episodes of irregular dysfunctional bleeding could be associated with untimely MMP activity. By histology, foci of stromal breakdown were exclusively found in the endometrium of metrorrhagic women at bleeding. In these foci, 1) expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and progesterone receptor was altered; 2) collagenase-1 (MMP-1), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), and gelatinase B (MMP-9) became detected in stromal cells, together with MMP-9 in neutrophils; and 3) gelatinase A (MMP-2) was more expressed and immunolocalized at the membrane of stromal cells. By biochemistry, endometrial lysates from nonbleeding metrorrhagic patients contained more latent and active MMP-2 ...

Obstetrics and gynecology, 1998

To determine the effect of tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cance... more To determine the effect of tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and to try to identify, by pretreatment screening, subjects at higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. Between January 1993 and January 1996, 264 postmenopausal women with breast cancer were studied prospectively with pelvic ultrasonography. Outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were done if ultrasound abnormalities were detected. Initial endometrial evaluation was done before treatment with tamoxifen was started, 20 mg daily, and annually thereafter. Attention was focused on endometrial lesions and, especially, endometrial hyperplasia, which was defined according to World Health Organization classification. Endometrial hyperplasia was subdivided into two broad categories: hyperplasia without cytological atypia and hyperplasia with cytological atypia. Adenocarcinoma in situ was defined as a well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma confined to the endometrial mucosa with...

Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle, 2012

ABSTRACT Objectif Vérifier si la cytoponction échoguidée (FNAB) permet d’éviter le suivi rapproch... more ABSTRACT Objectif Vérifier si la cytoponction échoguidée (FNAB) permet d’éviter le suivi rapproché, source d’inquiétude et nécessitant une compliance, chez les patientes avec une suspicion échographique de fibroadénome. Patients et méthodes Durant 39 mois, 427 nodules ont été ponctionnés sous contrôle échographique avec un diagnostic de fibroadénome chez 372 patientes. Tous les nodules avaient un aspect échographique évocateur de fibroadénome, classés BI-RADS 3. La taille moyenne des fibroadénomes était de 9 mm. La durée moyenne du suivi était de 29,7 mois. Résultats Sept nodules présentaient des atypies cytologiques : une microbiopsie et/ou exérèse ont conclu à un fibroadénome simple (n = 3), une mastite (n = 1), un fibroadénome associé à un papillome (n = 1), une fibrose (n = 1) et du tissu normal (n = 1). Sept autres nodules ont été réséqués lors du traitement pour un cancer synchrone avec un diagnostic de fibroadénome. Le suivi a été réalisé pour 276 nodules (121 patientes perdues de vue [n = 132]) avec un aspect stable pour 263 nodules (95,29 %). Sept nodules ayant augmenté de taille ont été reponctionnés ou microbiopsiés ou opérés. Cinq nodules n’étaient pas retrouvés. Un nodule présentait des modifications de contours. Conclusion La cytoponction, interprétée par un cytologiste expérimenté, permet d’éviter le suivi rapproché des fibroadénomes.

Imagerie de la Femme, 2010

ABSTRACT The pathological analysis of a breast cancer requires a thorough macroscopic and histolo... more ABSTRACT The pathological analysis of a breast cancer requires a thorough macroscopic and histological examination to assess the conventional prognostic factors of size, type, grade and a careful search of vascular invasions and of lymph node infiltration. Additional immunostainings are useful to determine the estradiol and progesterone receptors content of the tumour, as well as its HER2 status and its proliferating index. E-cadherin and subtypes of cytokeratin immunostainings may help in difficult cases to precise the histological type of the tumour. A selection of new prognostic factors is also presented.

Recent studies strongly suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the init... more Recent studies strongly suggest that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the initiation of menstrual bleeding in the human endometrium upon the fall of ovarian steroid serum concentrations by inducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix of this mucosa. MMPs are also involved in abnormal endometrial bleeding and have been identified in endometriotic foci. In all cases, they are associated with areas of extracellular matrix breakdown. This paper reviews the literature on the regulation by estradiol and progesterone of the expression and activation of MMPs, and of the expression of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), (i) in the endometrium in situ during normal cycle, (ii) during artificial cycles in spayed monkeys, and (iii) in cultures of endometrial explants or purified cells. Whereas progesterone consistently decreases the activity of endometrial MMPs, its effects vary in intensity, duration, and pattern between MMPs as well as among experimental systems. The contribution and limitations of the various investigations are therefore discussed. The focal heterogeneity points to additional local controls of the expression and activation of MMPs in human endometrium, acting beyond the general inhibitory role of progesterone, for example, by cytokines. Focal changes in type or abundance of sex steroid receptors also could be responsible for spatial variation in the expression of MMPs in the endometrium and endometriotic lesions.

We report the case of a 25 year old male who presented with a well-circumscribed mass in the infr... more We report the case of a 25 year old male who presented with a well-circumscribed mass in the infratemporal fossa, without intracranial localisation. On histological examination, this tumor was a transitional type of meningioma. We review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis.