Jesus Sanz | Universidad Complutense de Madrid (original) (raw)

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Papers by Jesus Sanz

Frontiers in Psychology

Abundant scientific literature shows that exposure to traumatic situations during childhood or ad... more Abundant scientific literature shows that exposure to traumatic situations during childhood or adolescence has long-term psychopathological consequences, for example, in the form of a higher prevalence of emotional disorders in adulthood. However, an evolutionary perspective suggests that there may be differential vulnerabilities depending on the age at which the trauma was suffered. As there are no studies on the psychopathological impact in adulthood of attacks suffered during childhood or adolescence, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the age at which a terrorist attack was suffered in the presence of emotional disorders many years after the attack. A sample of 566 direct and indirect victims of terrorist attacks in Spain was recruited, of whom 50 people were between the age of 3 and 9 when they suffered the attack, 46 were between 10 and 17 years old, and 470 were adults. All of them underwent a structured diagnostic interview (SCID-I-VC) an average of ...

Frontiers in Psychology, 2022

BackgroundScientific literature on posttraumatic growth (PTG) after terrorist attacks has primari... more BackgroundScientific literature on posttraumatic growth (PTG) after terrorist attacks has primarily focused on persons who had not been directly exposed to terrorist attacks or persons who had been directly exposed to them, but who were assessed few months or years after the attacks.MethodsWe examined long-term PTG in 210 adults directly exposed to terrorist attacks in Spain a mean of 29.6 years after the attacks (range: 2–47 years). The participants had been injured by a terrorist attack (38.6%) or were first-degree relatives of people who had been killed or injured by a terrorist attack (41.4% and 20%, respectively). They completed diagnostic measures of emotional disorders and measures of PTSD and depression symptomatology, optimism, and PTG.ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed gender differences (women reported higher levels of PTG than did men) and a positive linear relationship between PTG and cumulative trauma after the terrorist attack. Some PTG dimensions were signi...

Anales de Psicología, 2015

The Spanish adaptations of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) were normed on ... more The Spanish adaptations of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) were normed on samples of university students or of adults assessed in personnel selection/promotion settings. Given the influence of age and assessment setting on the M-C SDS, these norms are inadequate for adult volunteers. This is the first study that provides normative and reliability data and a short form of Ávila Espada and Tomé Rodríguez’s Spanish adaptation of the M-C SDS with Spanish adult volunteers (N = 575). Internal consistency estimates for the M-C SDS were adequate (alphas = .72-.80). The standardized differences in M-C SDS scores between the adult volunteer sample and university student or personnel selection/promotion samples reached values of medium size (d = 0.46 and 0.70). This result supports the development of specific norms for adult volunteers. In two independent subsamples of adult volunteers, a short form of 18-items showed internal consistency indices for its items that were ...

Psychological Reports, 2016

This article was aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on posttraumatic stress disorde... more This article was aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of terrorist attacks. Electronic and hand searches of the literature identified 35 studies addressing PTSD prevalence based on validated diagnostic interviews. Overall, in the year after terrorist attacks, 33% to 39% of direct victims developed PTSD, whereas the percentage of indirect victims with PTSD was lower (4% in the affected community, 5%–6% among emergency, rescue, and recovery workers, and 17%–29% among relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims), but nonetheless above the prevalence in the general population. With the passing of time, a significant reduction of PTSD can be expected in the affected community and in the emergency and rescue personnel, but not in the injured victims, in the relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims, and in nontraditional, more vulnerable disaster workers. The implications of these results for the psy...