juan ignacio castien maestro | Universidad Complutense de Madrid (original) (raw)
Papers by juan ignacio castien maestro
Cuadernos de estrategia, 2013
Salafi movements have become increasingly prominent and have shown a growing social influence in ... more Salafi movements have become increasingly prominent and have shown a growing social influence in several Muslim countries. This fact obliges us to think about its potential role in the ongoing processes of political change which are taking place in much of the Arab world. There is a risk of setting them against moderate Islamism in a very mechanical way, without taking into account the porosity between both tendencies. Salafism is held up as a nearly perfect example of Sunni fundamentalism characterized by a literal interpretation of the sacred texts and an intense and explicit mistrust of the human reason. Its origins date back to the first centuries of Islam but it reached a milestone with the development of Wahabism in the Arabian Peninsula from the 18th century onwards. It constitutes today an extremely puritan movement with a strong inward-looking trend. Part of Salafi movement has shown inclination towards Jihadist violence whereas other sectors have achieved a comfortable position in society. Others have created political movements obtaining a remarkable electoral success, especially in Egypt. It remains to be seen whether the coexistence with a more secularised world and the participation in the political arena may favour greater moderation in their doctrines and practices over time.
The recent Arab revolutions must be understood from a historical perspective. We will examine the... more The recent Arab revolutions must be understood from a historical perspective. We will examine the complex and contradictory processes of modernisation which these societies have undergone in the course of the last centuries. We will highlight the parcially exogenous nature of this modernisation as well as the strengthening of some 'traditional' phenomena such as clientelism and communalism involved in it. The oligarchic nature of Arab societies and States has mainly been a consequence of all those imbalances. The recent revolutions against the current state of affairs have been possible thanks to the formation of broad social coalitions. Nevertheless, to what extent those coalitions will succeed in overcoming both clientelism and authoritarianism instead of their reproduction under renewed forms, is something that remains to be seen.
Política y sociedad, Dec 12, 2019
Nº de proyecto: 189 Aplicación experimental del programa informático "Gallito-Api" como guía para... more Nº de proyecto: 189 Aplicación experimental del programa informático "Gallito-Api" como guía para la auto-corrección por parte del alumno de sus ejercicios escritos (tercera fase
Nómadas: Critical Journal of Social and Juridical Sciences, 2015
Lenin y la cuestion nacional. Mas alla del esencialismo y del construccionismo Lenine et la quest... more Lenin y la cuestion nacional. Mas alla del esencialismo y del construccionismo Lenine et la question nationale. Au-dela de l'essentialisme et du constructivisme
Se describen las distintas actividades realizadas durante la realizacion de este proyecto de inno... more Se describen las distintas actividades realizadas durante la realizacion de este proyecto de innovacion docente y se realiza un analisis critico de los resultados obtenidos.
Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, 2015
Lenin's analysis of the 'national question' shows numerous virtualities from a theoretical and po... more Lenin's analysis of the 'national question' shows numerous virtualities from a theoretical and political perspective. We are going to examine some of the theoretical conceptions which seem to underlie his view on the national question. In our opinion, these conceptions are a commendable work since they represent an alternative to the dilemma of essentialism and constructivism through which the social contemporary thinking has often fluctuated. Whereas essentialism tends to consider the national fact as a reality by nature and since time immemorial, constructionist approaches like those of Benedict Anderson and Ernest Gellner have insisted on its relatively recent political construction nature. Despite its unquestionable merits, this approach has often fallen into an excessively artificial perspective. According to it, the fabrication of any national identity would be possible with the appropriate skills to do so. Somehow, while essentialism refers to a metaphysical and substantivist, anti-dialectical approach, constructivism is very reminiscent of the old subjective idealism which believed that reality could be recreated by the individuals with almost complete liberty. For that reason, an approach like that of Lenin which conceives the national question as a long-term historical fact, and only politically manipulable to a very limited extent, could be of great use for materialist theoretical approaches. Some thinkers such as Maxime Rondinson and Pierre Vilar have shown this up.
Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 2013
Según la concepción marxiana, el capital constituye un dispositivo social que organiza y estructu... more Según la concepción marxiana, el capital constituye un dispositivo social que organiza y estructura unas relaciones sociales de dominación y explotación. Se define como la propiedad social que adquieren los valores-objetivados en dinero, en fuerzas productivas o en productos finales-cuando se encuentran inmersos en un proceso de valorización. Denominaremos a este proceso de conversión en capital proceso de capitalización. El marxismo clásico ha tendido a reducir las condiciones previas para este proceso a la separación entre los propietarios de los medios de producción y los de su fuerza de trabajo. Sin embargo, quizá haya también otras condiciones que lo posibiliten. Éste podría ser el caso de ciertos asalariados de lujo, como ejecutivos, técnicos muy cualificados, deportistas de élite y figuras del espectáculo, que estarían capitalizando su fuerza de trabajo. Sobre la base de ésta y de otras situaciones, ensayaremos una definición más amplia del concepto de capital.
Sociología Histórica, 2018
espanolEste articulo explora algunas implicaciones de los analisis de Marx sobre el capitalismo d... more espanolEste articulo explora algunas implicaciones de los analisis de Marx sobre el capitalismo desde una perspectiva sociologica, dirigida a profundizar en la naturaleza y en la genesis de las relaciones sociales capitalistas. Contempla las formas mercancia, dinero y capital como unos particulares modelos de organizacion, o dispositivos sociales, mediante los que se conforman estas relaciones capitalistas. Presta asimismo una gran atencion a los procesos de investidura de propiedades sociales por medio de los cuales se fabrican estos dispositivos y subraya el papel que desempena la actividad simbolica en el seno de los mismos. Luego extiende este enfoque a otros tipos distintos de relaciones sociales. Estudia, primero, las basadas en la categorizacion social. En ellas son las propias personas las que son investidas de propiedades sociales en vez de serlo unas entidades externas a ellas. Se ocupa, despues, de las relaciones organizadas mediante objetos fetichizados, que, en ocasione...
Elementos de cultura y transculturalidad para usos militares y civiles, 2013, ISBN 978-84-338-5538-1, págs. 125-152, 2013
Voces Del Pasado La Elite Cultural De Espana Seminario De Fuentes Orales Y Graficas 2008 Isbn 978 84 362 5557 7 Pags 189 194, 2008
The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different pers... more The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different perspectives. Among all these perspectives, there are two that stand out. On the one hand, those that emphasise the sociocultural characteristics of this region, and which sometimes take a certain �orientalist� approach. On the other hand, those that tend to subsume too easily these processes within an abstract and standard theory about modernisation and democratic transitions. While it is true that valuable contributions can be drawn from these two perspectives, both suffer from a trend towards unilateralism and formalism, however. It is therefore necessary to develop an alternative that takes account of the complexity of the social structures along with the existence of different social and political forces at stake. At this point, the contributions of Marxism are of great interest. This analysis must, in turn, be linked more closely with a theory of modernisation devoid of certain teleolo...
Política y Sociedad, 2019
Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 2003
This article tries to prove the significance of a sociological reading of the Marx´s value theory... more This article tries to prove the significance of a sociological reading of the Marx´s value theory. The Marx´s value theory is able to show the central and especific features of the capitalist society and to explain their role in the production process organisation. So this theory is essential to understand the wage relation´s internal logic as a labour force´s formation, engagement, distribution and explotation process.
Cadernos Cemarx, May 3, 2016
Resumen: La obra de Henri Wallon (1879-1962) representa un valioso esfuerzo por construir una psi... more Resumen: La obra de Henri Wallon (1879-1962) representa un valioso esfuerzo por construir una psicología materialista y dialéctica. Apesar de todo este potencial, la psicología walloniana disfruta hoy en día de una popularidad bastante inferior a la de otras psicologías también de raigambre marxista como el freudomarxismo y la escuela de Vygotsky. En este breve artículo pretendemos contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la misma, así como destacar su fecundidad para el estudio de la naturaleza y la génesis de diversos tipos de actividad humana como el juego, el arte, el ritual mágico-religioso, la ciencia y el trabajo. Centrándonos en el trabajo, entendido en un sentido moderno, éste difi ere de otras formas históricamente anteriores de actividad laboral, por su mayor objetividad y su menor emotividad. La objetividad puede entenderse en un sentido cercano al de la descentración de Piaget, como una distinción entre el sujeto y el mundo objetivo sobre el cual actúa aquél. Estas cualidades son el resultado de un largo proceso histórico. La teoría de Wallon sobre la imitación, como vehículo para la construcción de las emociones y del conocimiento objetivo de uno mismo y del medio, puede iluminar algunos aspectos de este complejo proceso.
Potestas Religion Poder Y Monarquia Revista Del Grupo Europeo De Investigacion Historica, 2009
Los contratos públicos y el poder privado en la república romana * Este trabajo se enmarca en el ... more Los contratos públicos y el poder privado en la república romana * Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación HUM2007-60315, del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España. 1. Jameson (1970). Sobre el imperium maius en época republicana, véase Ehrenberg (1953).
IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, 2014
Single error correction-double error detectiondouble adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) cod... more Single error correction-double error detectiondouble adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) codes have been proposed to protect SRAM devices from multiple cell upsets (MCUs). The correction of double adjacent errors ensures that the most common types of MCUs are corrected. At the same time, SEC-DED-DAEC codes require the same number of parity check bits as traditional SEC-DED codes. The main overhead associated with SEC-DED-DAEC codes is the increase in decoding complexity that can impact access time and circuit power and area. In this paper, a method to design SEC-DED-DAEC codes with optimized decoding is presented and evaluated. The proposed scheme starts by setting some constraints on the parity check matrix of the codes. Those constraints are then used to simplify the decoding. The proposed scheme has been implemented and evaluated for different word-lengths. The results show that, for data words of 32 bits, the scheme can be implemented with the same number of parity check bits as SEC-DED codes. For 16 and 64 bits words, an additional parity check bit is required, making the scheme less attractive. With the proposed method, the decoders can be optimized for area or speed. Both implementations are evaluated and compared with existing SEC-DED-DAEC decoders. The results show that the proposed decoders reduce significantly the circuit area, power, and delay.
Cuadernos de estrategia, 2013
Salafi movements have become increasingly prominent and have shown a growing social influence in ... more Salafi movements have become increasingly prominent and have shown a growing social influence in several Muslim countries. This fact obliges us to think about its potential role in the ongoing processes of political change which are taking place in much of the Arab world. There is a risk of setting them against moderate Islamism in a very mechanical way, without taking into account the porosity between both tendencies. Salafism is held up as a nearly perfect example of Sunni fundamentalism characterized by a literal interpretation of the sacred texts and an intense and explicit mistrust of the human reason. Its origins date back to the first centuries of Islam but it reached a milestone with the development of Wahabism in the Arabian Peninsula from the 18th century onwards. It constitutes today an extremely puritan movement with a strong inward-looking trend. Part of Salafi movement has shown inclination towards Jihadist violence whereas other sectors have achieved a comfortable position in society. Others have created political movements obtaining a remarkable electoral success, especially in Egypt. It remains to be seen whether the coexistence with a more secularised world and the participation in the political arena may favour greater moderation in their doctrines and practices over time.
The recent Arab revolutions must be understood from a historical perspective. We will examine the... more The recent Arab revolutions must be understood from a historical perspective. We will examine the complex and contradictory processes of modernisation which these societies have undergone in the course of the last centuries. We will highlight the parcially exogenous nature of this modernisation as well as the strengthening of some 'traditional' phenomena such as clientelism and communalism involved in it. The oligarchic nature of Arab societies and States has mainly been a consequence of all those imbalances. The recent revolutions against the current state of affairs have been possible thanks to the formation of broad social coalitions. Nevertheless, to what extent those coalitions will succeed in overcoming both clientelism and authoritarianism instead of their reproduction under renewed forms, is something that remains to be seen.
Política y sociedad, Dec 12, 2019
Nº de proyecto: 189 Aplicación experimental del programa informático "Gallito-Api" como guía para... more Nº de proyecto: 189 Aplicación experimental del programa informático "Gallito-Api" como guía para la auto-corrección por parte del alumno de sus ejercicios escritos (tercera fase
Nómadas: Critical Journal of Social and Juridical Sciences, 2015
Lenin y la cuestion nacional. Mas alla del esencialismo y del construccionismo Lenine et la quest... more Lenin y la cuestion nacional. Mas alla del esencialismo y del construccionismo Lenine et la question nationale. Au-dela de l'essentialisme et du constructivisme
Se describen las distintas actividades realizadas durante la realizacion de este proyecto de inno... more Se describen las distintas actividades realizadas durante la realizacion de este proyecto de innovacion docente y se realiza un analisis critico de los resultados obtenidos.
Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, 2015
Lenin's analysis of the 'national question' shows numerous virtualities from a theoretical and po... more Lenin's analysis of the 'national question' shows numerous virtualities from a theoretical and political perspective. We are going to examine some of the theoretical conceptions which seem to underlie his view on the national question. In our opinion, these conceptions are a commendable work since they represent an alternative to the dilemma of essentialism and constructivism through which the social contemporary thinking has often fluctuated. Whereas essentialism tends to consider the national fact as a reality by nature and since time immemorial, constructionist approaches like those of Benedict Anderson and Ernest Gellner have insisted on its relatively recent political construction nature. Despite its unquestionable merits, this approach has often fallen into an excessively artificial perspective. According to it, the fabrication of any national identity would be possible with the appropriate skills to do so. Somehow, while essentialism refers to a metaphysical and substantivist, anti-dialectical approach, constructivism is very reminiscent of the old subjective idealism which believed that reality could be recreated by the individuals with almost complete liberty. For that reason, an approach like that of Lenin which conceives the national question as a long-term historical fact, and only politically manipulable to a very limited extent, could be of great use for materialist theoretical approaches. Some thinkers such as Maxime Rondinson and Pierre Vilar have shown this up.
Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 2013
Según la concepción marxiana, el capital constituye un dispositivo social que organiza y estructu... more Según la concepción marxiana, el capital constituye un dispositivo social que organiza y estructura unas relaciones sociales de dominación y explotación. Se define como la propiedad social que adquieren los valores-objetivados en dinero, en fuerzas productivas o en productos finales-cuando se encuentran inmersos en un proceso de valorización. Denominaremos a este proceso de conversión en capital proceso de capitalización. El marxismo clásico ha tendido a reducir las condiciones previas para este proceso a la separación entre los propietarios de los medios de producción y los de su fuerza de trabajo. Sin embargo, quizá haya también otras condiciones que lo posibiliten. Éste podría ser el caso de ciertos asalariados de lujo, como ejecutivos, técnicos muy cualificados, deportistas de élite y figuras del espectáculo, que estarían capitalizando su fuerza de trabajo. Sobre la base de ésta y de otras situaciones, ensayaremos una definición más amplia del concepto de capital.
Sociología Histórica, 2018
espanolEste articulo explora algunas implicaciones de los analisis de Marx sobre el capitalismo d... more espanolEste articulo explora algunas implicaciones de los analisis de Marx sobre el capitalismo desde una perspectiva sociologica, dirigida a profundizar en la naturaleza y en la genesis de las relaciones sociales capitalistas. Contempla las formas mercancia, dinero y capital como unos particulares modelos de organizacion, o dispositivos sociales, mediante los que se conforman estas relaciones capitalistas. Presta asimismo una gran atencion a los procesos de investidura de propiedades sociales por medio de los cuales se fabrican estos dispositivos y subraya el papel que desempena la actividad simbolica en el seno de los mismos. Luego extiende este enfoque a otros tipos distintos de relaciones sociales. Estudia, primero, las basadas en la categorizacion social. En ellas son las propias personas las que son investidas de propiedades sociales en vez de serlo unas entidades externas a ellas. Se ocupa, despues, de las relaciones organizadas mediante objetos fetichizados, que, en ocasione...
Elementos de cultura y transculturalidad para usos militares y civiles, 2013, ISBN 978-84-338-5538-1, págs. 125-152, 2013
Voces Del Pasado La Elite Cultural De Espana Seminario De Fuentes Orales Y Graficas 2008 Isbn 978 84 362 5557 7 Pags 189 194, 2008
The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different pers... more The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different perspectives. Among all these perspectives, there are two that stand out. On the one hand, those that emphasise the sociocultural characteristics of this region, and which sometimes take a certain �orientalist� approach. On the other hand, those that tend to subsume too easily these processes within an abstract and standard theory about modernisation and democratic transitions. While it is true that valuable contributions can be drawn from these two perspectives, both suffer from a trend towards unilateralism and formalism, however. It is therefore necessary to develop an alternative that takes account of the complexity of the social structures along with the existence of different social and political forces at stake. At this point, the contributions of Marxism are of great interest. This analysis must, in turn, be linked more closely with a theory of modernisation devoid of certain teleolo...
Política y Sociedad, 2019
Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 2003
This article tries to prove the significance of a sociological reading of the Marx´s value theory... more This article tries to prove the significance of a sociological reading of the Marx´s value theory. The Marx´s value theory is able to show the central and especific features of the capitalist society and to explain their role in the production process organisation. So this theory is essential to understand the wage relation´s internal logic as a labour force´s formation, engagement, distribution and explotation process.
Cadernos Cemarx, May 3, 2016
Resumen: La obra de Henri Wallon (1879-1962) representa un valioso esfuerzo por construir una psi... more Resumen: La obra de Henri Wallon (1879-1962) representa un valioso esfuerzo por construir una psicología materialista y dialéctica. Apesar de todo este potencial, la psicología walloniana disfruta hoy en día de una popularidad bastante inferior a la de otras psicologías también de raigambre marxista como el freudomarxismo y la escuela de Vygotsky. En este breve artículo pretendemos contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la misma, así como destacar su fecundidad para el estudio de la naturaleza y la génesis de diversos tipos de actividad humana como el juego, el arte, el ritual mágico-religioso, la ciencia y el trabajo. Centrándonos en el trabajo, entendido en un sentido moderno, éste difi ere de otras formas históricamente anteriores de actividad laboral, por su mayor objetividad y su menor emotividad. La objetividad puede entenderse en un sentido cercano al de la descentración de Piaget, como una distinción entre el sujeto y el mundo objetivo sobre el cual actúa aquél. Estas cualidades son el resultado de un largo proceso histórico. La teoría de Wallon sobre la imitación, como vehículo para la construcción de las emociones y del conocimiento objetivo de uno mismo y del medio, puede iluminar algunos aspectos de este complejo proceso.
Potestas Religion Poder Y Monarquia Revista Del Grupo Europeo De Investigacion Historica, 2009
Los contratos públicos y el poder privado en la república romana * Este trabajo se enmarca en el ... more Los contratos públicos y el poder privado en la república romana * Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación HUM2007-60315, del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España. 1. Jameson (1970). Sobre el imperium maius en época republicana, véase Ehrenberg (1953).
IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, 2014
Single error correction-double error detectiondouble adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) cod... more Single error correction-double error detectiondouble adjacent error correction (SEC-DED-DAEC) codes have been proposed to protect SRAM devices from multiple cell upsets (MCUs). The correction of double adjacent errors ensures that the most common types of MCUs are corrected. At the same time, SEC-DED-DAEC codes require the same number of parity check bits as traditional SEC-DED codes. The main overhead associated with SEC-DED-DAEC codes is the increase in decoding complexity that can impact access time and circuit power and area. In this paper, a method to design SEC-DED-DAEC codes with optimized decoding is presented and evaluated. The proposed scheme starts by setting some constraints on the parity check matrix of the codes. Those constraints are then used to simplify the decoding. The proposed scheme has been implemented and evaluated for different word-lengths. The results show that, for data words of 32 bits, the scheme can be implemented with the same number of parity check bits as SEC-DED codes. For 16 and 64 bits words, an additional parity check bit is required, making the scheme less attractive. With the proposed method, the decoders can be optimized for area or speed. Both implementations are evaluated and compared with existing SEC-DED-DAEC decoders. The results show that the proposed decoders reduce significantly the circuit area, power, and delay.