Richard Hoyos-Lopez | Universidad de Córdoba (original) (raw)

Drafts by Richard Hoyos-Lopez

Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites involved in transmitting viruses of pub... more Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites involved in transmitting viruses of public health importance. The objective of this work was to identify the Jingmen tick virus in hard ticks from the Colombian Caribbean, an arbovirus of importance for public health. Methods Ticks were collected in rural areas of Córdoba and Cesar, Colombia. Taxonomic identification of ticks was carried out, and pools of 13 individuals were formed. RNA extraction was performed. Library preparation was performed with the MGIEasy kit, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with MGI equipment. Bioinformatic analyses and taxonomic assignments were performed using the Galaxy platform, and phylogenetic analyses were done using IQ-TREE2. Results A total of 766 ticks were collected, of which 87.33% (669/766) were Rhipicephalus microplus, 5.4% (42/766) Dermacentor nitens, 4.2% (32/766) Rhipicephalus linnaei, and 3.0% (23/766) Amblyomma dissimile. Complete and partial segments 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were detected in the metatranscriptome of the species R. microplus, D. nitens, and A. dissimile. The JMTVs detected are phylogenetically related to JMTVs detected in Aedes albopictus in France, JMTVs detected in R. microplus in Trinidad and Tobago, JMTVs in R. microplus and A. variegatum in the French Antilles, and JMTVs detected in R. microplus in Colombia. Interestingly, our sequences clustered closely with JMTV detected in humans from Kosovo. Conclusions JMTV was detected in R. microplus, D. nitens, and A. dissimile. JMTV could pose a risk to humans. Therefore, it is vital to establish epidemiological surveillance measures to better understand the possible role of JMTV in tropical diseases.

SSRN, 2021

Alphaviruses are agents of neurotropic arboviral infections, several complications include enceph... more Alphaviruses are agents of neurotropic arboviral infections, several complications include encephalitis, meningoencephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. In Colombia, Venezuelan Encephalitis Equine virus (VEEV) is an endemic virus detected in Caribbean and Santander region, however, scarce information has evidenced about Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus complex (EEEV sensu estricto and Madariaga virus), with reports in Antioquia and Pacific region. We detected Madariaga virus infecting mosquito species (Culex erraticus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Psorophora ferox, Mansonia titillans and Culex spp.), in the rural locality of "Alto Cotocá"-Lorica, belongs to Northern-Cordoba (Colombia). The phylogenetic analysis allows verified to Lineage III for Madariaga virus.

Biorxiv, 2018

DNA barcode is a methodology that allows the identification of species using a short fragment of ... more DNA barcode is a methodology that allows the identification of species using a short fragment of cytochrome oxidase I and library sequences stored in the barcode of life database (BOLD), make up an alternative tool for mosquito identification in areas epidemiologically active for arboviruses, protozoa and bacteria. In our study, we collected 114 adult mosquitoes in a rural area in the municipality of La Pintada (Antioquia, Colombia), and were separate for genus and species using morphological keys. Two Legs were taken of specimens mounted, and these were used for DNA extraction, amplification of COI-Barcode through PCR and sequencing. 38 sequences were characterized of seven mosquito species and used in BOLD for molecular identification, subsequent characterization of genetic distances intra/interspecies, and MOTUs grouping by neighbor-joining analyses. Seven MOTUs were separate corresponding to seven species identify by morphological keys. BOLD was able to identify five species, and two were identified to the genre. The following medically important mosquitoes were recorded in the rural area from La Pintada

Biorxiv, 2018

The main Phylogenetic hypothesis supporting the Myzorhynchella section as a natural group, but th... more The main Phylogenetic hypothesis supporting the Myzorhynchella section as a natural group, but the sections Albimanus and Argyritarsis, do not present clearly resolved relationships, nor is it possible to recover the monophyly of both sections, even within these sections of Nyssorhynchus; it has not been possible identify the relationships between the species that make up these taxonomic subdivisions (Sallum, 2000, Sallum, 2002, Bourke, 2011, Foster, 2013). This lack of resolution has been attributed to the effect of few species for phylogenetic studies, making difficult the determination of monophyly of many groups, subgroups and complexes within sections Albimanus and Argyritarsis. We infer the phylogeny of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus through the sequences characterized for the molecular markers ND6, COI-Barcode, White and CAD, in addition we calculate the times of divergence for the main lineages corresponding to the sections Albimanus, Argyritarsis and Myzorhynchella using Bayesian approaches.

Papers by Richard Hoyos-Lopez

Parasites & Vectors, 2025

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various... more Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various insecticides, including pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides; growth regulators; and biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, have been used to control Ae. aegypti populations. However, organophosphates such as malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and temephos have been used over the last decade owing to the high resistance to pyrethroids. Methods This study assessed the susceptibility to organophosphates in 14 Ae. aegypti populations from the Córdoba department in northern Colombia. Moreover, possible resistance mechanisms were investigated by determining the activity levels of α-esterases, β-esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (iAChE). Additionally, the Ace-1 gene was sequenced to identify mutations at the target site of action. Results The populations were susceptible to temephos and malathion but resistant to fenitrothion, and in three of them, to pirimiphos-methyl. Alterations in the enzyme activity levels of α-esterases and β-esterases, GST, and iAChE were observed among the populations, with high enzyme activity levels of α and β esterases associated with resistance to fenitrothion. No mutations were identified in the Ace-1 gene. Conclusions These findings are highly relevant for vector control programs in the region, as they allow for adjustments in resistance management strategies and improve the effectiveness of interventions against these arboviruses

Heliyon, Nov 30, 2023

In the department of Córdoba, 21 widely distributed Anopheles species have been described, of 12 ... more In the department of Córdoba, 21 widely distributed Anopheles species have been described, of 12 which Anopheles triannulatus, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles 13 darlingi are the most abundant species, and the last three play a vectorial role in Malaria 14 transmission in Colombia. A correct taxonomic identification of malaria insect vectors is of vital 15 importance for the development of effective vector control strategies. However, the identification of 16 individuals from the Anopheles genus presents difficulties due to the loss of relevant morphological 17 characters during the transport and preservation of the collected specimens. In addition to the 18 interspecific variations, and the intraspecific similarities of the species belonging to the subgenus 19 Nyssorhynchus, since itpresents species complexes and cryptic species that difficults identification 20 based only in morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to characterize the 21 barcode fragment of the COI gene and its genetic diversity for the identification of An. (Nys) 22 nuneztovari and An. (Nys) albimanus in areas of high malaria transmission from the department of 23 Córdoba. 67 individuals belonging to the species An. nuneztovari cytotype C and 22 An. albimanus were identified, and additionally, 9 haplotypes were obtained for An. nuneztovari C and 14 for An. 25 albimanus distributed in the study areas. The values obtained in the FST and Nm estimators indicate 26 a low or null genetic differentiation and a high gene flow between most of the studied populations 27 because they share the most frequent haplotypes of these two species. The maximum likelihood 28 trees for these species showed that the specimens from Córdoba belong to the same mitochondrial 29 lineage as those previously reported from Antioquia, Choco, and Norte de Santander.

Heliyon, Nov 30, 2023

PLos ONE, 2024

Resistance to insecticides is one of the great challenges that vector control programs must face.... more Resistance to insecticides is one of the great challenges that vector control programs must face. The constant use of pyrethroid-type insecticides worldwide has caused selection pressure in populations of the Aedes aegypti vector, which has promoted the emergence of resistant populations. The resistance mechanism to pyrethroid insecticides most studied to date is target-site mutations that desensitize the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) of the insect to the action of pyrethroids. In the present study, susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin was evaluated in fourteen populations from the department of Có rdoba, Colombia. The CDC bottle bioassay and WHO tube methods were used. Additionally, the frequencies of the F1534C, V1016I, and V410L mutations were determined, and the association of resistance with the tri-locus haplotypes was examined. The results varied between the two techniques used, with resistance to permethrin observed in thirteen of the fourteen populations, resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in two populations, and susceptibility to deltamethrin in all the populations under study with the CDC method. In contrast, the WHO method showed resistance to the three insecticides evaluated in all populations. The frequencies of the mutated alleles ranged from 0.05-0.43 for 1016I, 0.94-1.0 for 1534C, and 0.01-0.59 for 410L. The triple homozygous mutant CIL haplotype was associated with resistance to all three pyrethroids evaluated with the WHO bioassay, while with the CDC bioassay, it was only associated with resistance to permethrin. This study highlights the importance of implementing systematic monitoring of kdr mutations, allowing resistance management strategies to be dynamically adjusted to achieve effective control of Aedes aegypti.

African Entomology, 2018

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting... more BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.

Parasite & Vectors, 2024

PubMed, Mar 1, 2016

Background & objectives: The recognition of communities of arthropods with medical importance in ... more Background & objectives: The recognition of communities of arthropods with medical importance in natural systems constitutes an important step in the prediction of possible epidemic events and/or emergence of infectious diseases in the human population. This is due to anthropogenic impact in natural areas and landscape modification, which changes the dynamics of pathogenic agents, reservoirs, and vector insects. In this study, an inventory was compiled of species of the genus Lutzomyia present in sub-Andean forest from the confluence of the Pamplonita River basin. Methods: CDC-light and Shannon traps were used for collecting adult phlebotomine sandflies during the month of October 2013 in a sub-Andean forest from river basin Pamplonita. All specimens were identified using morphological keys. The epidemiological relevance of each species was reported using a literature review about natural infection or vector incrimination with Leishmania species or other pathogens microorganism. Results: A total of 2755 specimens belonging to eight species of the genus Lutzomyia were collected. Out of the eight species, seven belonged to the group verrucarum (Lutzomyia sp--townsendi series, L. ovallesi, L. spinicrassa, L. serrana, L. townsendi, L. nuneztovari and L. pia), while one belonged to the subgenus Helcocyrtomyia (L. hartmanni). A new registry of L. townsendi was observed for the Norte de Santander department. Interpretation & conclusion: The appreciable diversity of the verrucarum group observed in this area suggest further investigation on the biogeography and evolution of this group, and epidemiological risk for human populations around this area, as there are reports of Leishmania natural infection and favourable conditions for domestication of phlebotomines in rural towns.

Biomedica, Aug 1, 2018

Contribución de los autores: Maria Atencia-Pineda: experimentos y trabajo de campo, análisis de l... more Contribución de los autores: Maria Atencia-Pineda: experimentos y trabajo de campo, análisis de los datos y escritura del manuscrito Angie Onalbi Toro-Cantillo: experimentos y trabajo de campo Richard Onalbi Hoyos-López: diseño del estudio, análisis de los datos y escritura del manuscrito Diversidad genética y estructura poblacional de Anopheles triannulatus s.l. en Córdoba, Colombia, determinadas mediante el método de región de código de barras de ADN

Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, Dec 1, 2015

Resumen: La presencia de mosquitos vectores que explotan hábitats urbanos y generan riesgo epidem... more Resumen: La presencia de mosquitos vectores que explotan hábitats urbanos y generan riesgo epidemiológico en la transmisión de enfermedades tropicales emergentes y reemergentes impulsan el establecer procedimientos rápidos y eficaces que posibiliten la identificación de especies con interés en salud pública. El método código de barras ("DNA barcode") utiliza secuencias de un fragmento del gen citocromo c oxidasa I para la identificación de un amplio rango de especies animales y representa una alternativa a evaluar en grupos de interés en medicina tropical. En nuestro estudio, se realizaron colectas entomológicas en criaderos de áreas urbanas en Armenia y Circasia (Quindío-Colombia) para identificar morfológicamente larvas de culícidos y evaluar el método de código de barras. Secuencias ADN fueron obtenidas para 56 culícidos inmaduros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus, Cx. (Phenacomyia) corniger, Cx. (Culex) nigripalpus y Cx. (Culex) grupo Coronator. Se estimó la diversidad genética, distancias genéticas intra/inter-especie y dendrogramas de "neighbor-joining". Los resultados permitieron la separación de los mosquitos y el potencial uso del marcador en genética de poblaciones. Sin embargo, la especie del subgénero Culex, grupo Coronator, no presentó información suficiente para la discriminación taxonómica. A nivel epidemiológico, las especies urbanas identificadas presentan antecedentes en la transmisión de alfavirus y flavivirus emergentes de interés en la salud pública colombiana donde el uso de códigos de barra puede facilitar estudios de ecología de mosquitos en áreas urbanas y la vigilancia epidemiológica de patógenos emergentes.

Tropical Biomedicine, Mar 1, 2018

Lutzomyia gomezi, a suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia is recorded for natur... more Lutzomyia gomezi, a suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia is recorded for natural infection of Leishmania parasites, its anthrophilic behaviour and significant abundance supports its vectorial role. The difficulties associated with taxonomic identification due to lack of males require the use of molecular markers (DNA barcodes), which allows us to distinguish the species. In this study, the cytochrome oxidase I fragment was proposed as DNA barcode to identify specimens collected from Cordoba, Colombia (Planeta Rica: Arenoso/ Centro Alegre, Sahagún: Santiago Abajo/San Andresito) by using protocols for DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing. These sequences allowed for testing the genetic diversity, genetic distance, population structure and gene flow. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with sequences registered in Genbank for this and related species such as Lutzomyia lichyi, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia bifoliata. In total, 24 PCR products were sequenced, resulting in an alignment of 677 nt in length, and 9 haplotypes were identified for L. gomezi. Values for polymorphic sites, haplotype and nucleotide diversity were high for specimens belonging to Sahagún and Planeta Rica. The genetic distances (TN93) and localities studied were significant (0,011-0,024), FST evidenced with mild and significant structure (0,10-0,52) and limited genetic flow (Nm=0,45-24,5). The phylogenetic analysis showns three lineages with significant distances (0,026-0,48) and sympatric between haplotypes from different zones; however, the limited sampling size and the absence of specimens belonging to other Colombian geographic areas implied more lineages. The DNA barcode methodology can answer questions about phylogeography, vector competence and genetic structuration between populations using a common marker for the scientific community.

Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, 2015

The exploitation of urban habitats by mosquitoes species contributes to the epidemiological risk ... more The exploitation of urban habitats by mosquitoes species contributes to the epidemiological risk of transmission of emerging and re-emerging tropical diseases, indicating the need to establish fast and effective procedures than enable the taxonomic identification of species of interest to public health. DNA-barcode methodology uses sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I genes for the identification of a wide range of animal species and is an alternative evaluation tool for important groups of tropical medical importance. In this study, entomological samplings were performed at breeding sites of urban areas in Armenia and Circasia (Quindio-Colombia) in order to identify the morphology of mosquito larvae and to assess DNA-barcodes. Fifty-six (56) DNA-barcode sequences were obtained for immatures of the Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus, Cx. (Phenacomyia) corniger, Cx. (Culex) nigripalpus, and Cx. (Culex) Coronator groups and estimates of genetic dive...

Epidemiology - Current Perspectives on Research and Practice, 2012

viruses to emerge. Viruses do not live for causing disease to humans, animals, plants or other or... more viruses to emerge. Viruses do not live for causing disease to humans, animals, plants or other organisms, they are simply naturally selected to increase their viral fitness, a process in which ecology and evolutionary biology play the main role, so viral emergence and disease are mere consequences of this dynamic.

Heliyon, 2023

which Anopheles triannulatus, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles darlingi ... more which Anopheles triannulatus, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles darlingi
are the most abundant species, and the last three play a vectorial role in Malaria transmission in
Colombia. A correct taxonomic identification of malaria insect vectors is of vital importance for
the development of effective vector control strategies. However, the identification of individuals
from the Anopheles genus presents difficulties due to the loss of relevant morphological characters
during the transport and preservation of the collected specimens. In addition to the interspecific
variations, and the intraspecific similarities of the species belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus,
since itpresents species complexes and cryptic species that difficults identification based
only in morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to characterize the barcode
fragment of the COI gene and its genetic diversity for the identification of An. (Nys) nuneztovari
and An. (Nys) albimanus in areas of high malaria transmission from the department of C´ordoba.
67 individuals belonging to the species An. nuneztovari cytotype C and 22 An. albimanus were
identified, and additionally, 9 haplotypes were obtained for An. nuneztovari C and 14 for An.
albimanus distributed in the study areas. The values obtained in the FST and Nm estimators
indicate a low or null genetic differentiation and a high gene flow between most of the studied
populations because they share the most frequent haplotypes of these two species. The maximum
likelihood trees for these species showed that the specimens from C´ordoba belong to the same
mitochondrial lineage as those previously reported from Antioquia, Choco, and Norte de
Santander.

Heliyon, 2023

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 2023

Aedes albopictus is considered a potential vector of arboviruses in Colombia. Females and males n... more Aedes albopictus is considered a potential vector of arboviruses in Colombia. Females and males naturally infected with dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses have already been found in this country. We document the first record of Ae. albopictus in the Cordoba department, in North of Colombia. The finding was carried out during Ae. aegypti collection activities in the Ayapel, Montelibano, Planeta Rica, Pueblo Nuevo and Puerto Libertador municipalities. The entomological material was collected in water containers such as cement water tanks, tanks, bottles, tires, abandoned toilets, and plastic lids with natural water located in the intradomicile, peridomicile, and extra-domicile spaces of the homes. We collected 658 Ae. albopictus samples in the larva and pupa stages, and once these reached adulthood, we determined that 389 were female and 269 were male. This is the first record of the presence of Ae. albopictus in the Cordoba department.

SummaryDNA barcode is a methodology that allows the identification of species using a short fragm... more SummaryDNA barcode is a methodology that allows the identification of species using a short fragment of cytochrome oxidase I and library sequences stored in the barcode of life database (bold>), make up an alternative tool for mosquito identification in areas epidemiologically active for arboviruses, protozoa and bacteria. In our study, we collected 114 adult mosquitoes in a rural area in the municipality of La Pintada (Antioquia, Colombia), and were separate for genus and species using morphological keys. Two Legs were taken of specimens mounted, and these were used for DNA extraction, amplification of COI-Barcode through PCR and sequencing. 38 sequences were characterized of seven mosquito species and used in bold> for molecular identification, subsequent characterization of genetic distances intra/interspecies, and MOTUs grouping by neighbor-joining analyses. Seven MOTUs were separate corresponding to seven species identify by morphological keys. bold> was able to identi...

SSRN, 2021

Biorxiv, 2018

Parasites & Vectors, 2025

Heliyon, Nov 30, 2023

PLos ONE, 2024

African Entomology, 2018

Parasite & Vectors, 2024

PubMed, Mar 1, 2016

Biomedica, Aug 1, 2018

Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, Dec 1, 2015

Tropical Biomedicine, Mar 1, 2018

Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, 2015

Epidemiology - Current Perspectives on Research and Practice, 2012

Heliyon, 2023

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 2023

Biomedica Revista Del Instituto Nacional De Salud, 2009

Revista MVZ Córdoba

Objetivo. Evaluar la presencia de flebotomíneos en un área rural de interés eco-epidemiológico pe... more Objetivo. Evaluar la presencia de flebotomíneos en un área rural de interés eco-epidemiológico perteneciente al municipio de San Bernardo del Viento (Córdoba, Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Los insectos identificados fueron colectados mediante trampas CDC y aspirador manual en arboles cercanos en el periodo de Mayo - Agosto (2015). Los especímenes fueron conservados secos y luego fragmentados para aclaración de estructuras e identificación mediante claves morfológicas. Resultados. Tres especies de flebotomíneos fueron identificadas: Lutzomyia gomezi (Nitzulescu 1931), Lutzomyia rangeliana (Ortiz 1952) y Lutzomyia cayennensis (Floch & Abonnenc 1941). Conclusiones. La presencia de L. gomezi, principal vector de leishmaniasis cutánea en Colombia, constituye un factor de riesgo para habitantes rurales de la zona.

Open Royal Society , 2020

ecological interactions across a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Colombia: novel desc... more ecological interactions across a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Colombia: novel description of Leishmania species, hosts and phlebotomine fauna. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7: 200266. http://dx.

Scientific Reports, 2019

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is considered a public health problem due to its rapid spread and high ... more Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is considered a public health problem due to its rapid spread and high morbidity. this study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of CHIKVs in Colombia. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out using sera of patients infected with Chikungunya during the outbreak in Colombia. the whole genomes of CHIKV (n = 16) were sequenced with an Illumina Hi-seq 2500 and were assembled using the Iterative Virus Assembler software. A Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis was carried out with 157 strains of worldwide origin. the Colombian CHIKV sequences were grouped in the Asian genotype; however, three independent phylogenetic subclades were observed, probably the result of three separate introductions from Panama, Nicaragua, and St. Barts. Each subclade showed several different non-synonymous mutations (nsP2-A153V; nsp2-Y543H; nsp2-G720A; nsP3-L458P; Capside R78Q), that may have functional consequences for CHIKV biology and pathogenesis. These same mutations may affect the efficacy of potential CHIKV vaccines.

que demuestra la capacidad organizativa que tenia y su voluntad de trabajo para acometer cualquie... more que demuestra la capacidad organizativa que tenia y su voluntad de trabajo para acometer cualquier actividad que fuera de su interés, en otras palabras, era un incansable profesional de la Agronomía. También fue Profesor de la Facultad de Humanidades y Educación de LUZ, en la cátedra de Zoología por varios años, donde formó al personal que lo sustituyó a partir de 1966. Sus características como elocuente orador y dialéctica privilegiada, lo destacaron en su función como Docente.

Viral emergence, in the context of viral evolutionary ecology, requires the identification of vir... more Viral emergence, in the context of viral evolutionary ecology, requires the identification of viruses in mosquito and vertebrate communities, subtypes/evolutionary variants with increasing virulence, the frequency of interaction and habitats that may favor transmission to alternative reservoirs or hosts. All this information allows to identify the potential elements that are necessary for the emergency in human populations, whose intervention facilitates the jumps to alternative hosts, changes in communities of mosquitoes and vertebrates that favor epidemic outbreaks. In our study, we determined the ecology of pathogenic arboviruses belonging to the genera Alphavirus and Flavivirus in mosquitoes associated with coastal ecosystems, and their potential for emergent scenarios in the rural area "La Balsa" from San Bernardo del Viento (Córdoba, Colombia). In this sens, was our aims: 1. identifying the viruses belonging to the genera mentioned above in the species of mosquitoes collected. 2. The phylogenetic analysis of the viruses detected allowed complementing information on virulence, viral dispersion and its possible epidemiological implications in emerging events. 3. The possible reservoirs or hosts present in the area, through the molecular identification of the blood sources of engorged mosquitoes collected. 4. The interaction networks between virus-mosquito-vertebrates, relating the configuration of the study area, and its diversity in vertebrates (mainly resident and migratory birds). More than 22,000 mosquitoes were collected in the period 2011-2014, and evaluated by generic/nested RT-PCR for Alphavirus - Flavivirus and sequencing, detecting the presence of SLEV, WNV, YFV, DENV, VEEV and CxFv in Culex subgenus Melanoconion, Ma titillans, Ha. (Section Splendens), Ae. aegypti, De. atlanticus, Ps. confinnis, Ae. scapularis and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Evolutionary, it was possible identify evolutionary variants of SLEV (genotype IV), WNV (Texas-2002) and VEEV (subtype ID), that are characterized with no or little presence of disease in humans, circulating in enzootic cycles, but which constitute the potential basis for genotypes and / or virulent lineages. The identification of blood sources of nine mosquito species allowed us, estimate the interaction networks that configure the possible circulation of the arboviruses detected, highlighting the protective role that the high diversity of vertebrates has in the viral circulation for human populations. The rural area “La Balsa” of San Bernardo del Viento can be considered with the adequate elements for the circulation of Flavivirus and Alphavirus. This zone has a high intrinsic potential for transmission to human populations in the scenario of the presence of endemic pathogens, and the existence of cycles enzootic of pathogenic arboviruses that present "spillover" on nearby human communities, and consequently sporadic cases or small outbreaks of diseases associated with re-emerging arboviruses such as DENV, YFV and VEEV.