Younah Sylvie Chung | University of California, San Diego (original) (raw)
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Papers by Younah Sylvie Chung
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Oct 1, 2011
This paper reports the results of a cycling experiment in Korean, a paradigm in which speakers pr... more This paper reports the results of a cycling experiment in Korean, a paradigm in which speakers produce short phrases in time with a metronome. It was hypothesized that in Korean the onsets of accentual phrases would act as beats in this task, playing the same part as stress plays in English; therefore, the accentual phase onsets would remain in the same phase within a cycle independently of their composition. Speakers read Korean sentences with three accentual phrases that had the same number of syllables or differed so one of the accentual phrases had twice as many syllables as the others; the composition of the syllables also varied between CV and CVC. The results so far suggest that speakers keep the accentual phrases in phase although the variation of syllable count and composition also affected phasing. This provides evidence that cycling is a viable task in Korean and supports our hypothesis about the role of the accentual phrase in Korean rhythm. Finally, the relative importance of the syllable cycle supports a view of rhythm that does not rest on the timing of one prosodic constituent, such as the accentual phrase, but on the relative salience of different levels of prosodic structure.
This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarativ... more This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarative assertive statements and polar questions. Polar questions may have an optional final question particle. Moro has high and low lexical tones. We predicted that tone realizations would differ between declarative statements and polar questions due to the intonation system. To test this prediction, two male speakers produced subject-verbobject sentences with target objects of varying tonal patterns in a carrier phrase, as either declaratives or polar questions. Speakers maintained a difference between high and low target tones in both sentence types. However, speakers had higher F0s overall for polar question carrier phrases than declaratives; declaratives showed greater F0 declination. Both declaratives and questions exhibit a phrase final fall, but lexical tone of bisyllabic objects are well differentiated in declaratives. In questions, tonal space for bisyllabic objects is compressed with level or rising tone patterns, while the falling tone pattern exhibits a large range difference in questions. The results of this study show that lexical tone targets are generally maintained, but intonation can impact tone realizations through pitch raising and compression.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Nov 1, 2013
Korean relative clauses do not have to be adjacent to the substantives they modify; genitive noun... more Korean relative clauses do not have to be adjacent to the substantives they modify; genitive noun phrases can interpose between the relative clause and the substantive. Thus, the syntactic analysis of a given relative clause is inherently ambiguous, such that the relative clause can modify either the head noun of a genitive noun phrase or the complex noun phrase as a whole. However, in spoken language, one rarely finds this type of ambiguity even though the relative clause could modify either of the two nouns. This suggests that speakers use prosody to convey intended meaning, with different prosodic cues associated with different syntactic boundaries, thus, providing information necessary for disambiguation. We examined the clarification of surface structure ambiguity in Korean relative clause attachments via prosody. The survey confirmed that native speakers think relative clauses are surface ambiguous. The acoustical analysis revealed that prosodic disambiguation consists of pause insertion, pitch raising, and final lengthening at the syntactic boundary. Regarding the relative importance of different prosodic measures used by speakers, we discovered that pitch raising was a more powerful measure than final lengthening in prosodic disambiguation, and that pausing played the least important role in the parsing of an ambiguous relative clause.
Speech Prosody 2016, 2016
This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarativ... more This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarative assertive statements and polar questions. Polar questions may have an optional final question particle. Moro has high and low lexical tones. We predicted that tone realizations would differ between declarative statements and polar questions due to the intonation system. To test this prediction, two male speakers produced subject-verbobject sentences with target objects of varying tonal patterns in a carrier phrase, as either declaratives or polar questions. Speakers maintained a difference between high and low target tones in both sentence types. However, speakers had higher F0s overall for polar question carrier phrases than declaratives; declaratives showed greater F0 declination. Both declaratives and questions exhibit a phrase final fall, but lexical tone of bisyllabic objects are well differentiated in declaratives. In questions, tonal space for bisyllabic objects is compressed with level or rising tone patterns, while the falling tone pattern exhibits a large range difference in questions. The results of this study show that lexical tone targets are generally maintained, but intonation can impact tone realizations through pitch raising and compression.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013
Korean has not been unanimously classified for rhythm class, and it lacks stress. Thus, it does n... more Korean has not been unanimously classified for rhythm class, and it lacks stress. Thus, it does not fit into views that rhythm rests on alternations of metrical strength. The goal was to examine what, if any, elements are used in Korean for rhythm purposes. It was hypothesized that the onsets of accentual phrases act as beats. The materials were 6 sentences; each was 9 syllables and three APs long. The number of syllables in each AP varied. Syllable composition also varied between CV and CVC. Native speakers repeated each sentence, fitting each repetition into beat intervals at three different metronome rates. Each AP was expressed as a ratio of the entire cycle. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment suggests that speakers keep AP onsets in phase although syllable count and composition also affect phase. The results support our hypothesis that AP onsets operate similarly to stresses. The second experiment that used waltz rhythm showed that it is the only level of prominence, and no differentiation between the strength of these beats, such that it would produce waltz rhythm, is possible. The results suggest that Korean rhythm is not characterized by multiple levels of alternation between strong and weak constituents.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013
ABSTRACT
Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 2011
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Oct 1, 2011
This paper reports the results of a cycling experiment in Korean, a paradigm in which speakers pr... more This paper reports the results of a cycling experiment in Korean, a paradigm in which speakers produce short phrases in time with a metronome. It was hypothesized that in Korean the onsets of accentual phrases would act as beats in this task, playing the same part as stress plays in English; therefore, the accentual phase onsets would remain in the same phase within a cycle independently of their composition. Speakers read Korean sentences with three accentual phrases that had the same number of syllables or differed so one of the accentual phrases had twice as many syllables as the others; the composition of the syllables also varied between CV and CVC. The results so far suggest that speakers keep the accentual phrases in phase although the variation of syllable count and composition also affected phasing. This provides evidence that cycling is a viable task in Korean and supports our hypothesis about the role of the accentual phrase in Korean rhythm. Finally, the relative importance of the syllable cycle supports a view of rhythm that does not rest on the timing of one prosodic constituent, such as the accentual phrase, but on the relative salience of different levels of prosodic structure.
This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarativ... more This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarative assertive statements and polar questions. Polar questions may have an optional final question particle. Moro has high and low lexical tones. We predicted that tone realizations would differ between declarative statements and polar questions due to the intonation system. To test this prediction, two male speakers produced subject-verbobject sentences with target objects of varying tonal patterns in a carrier phrase, as either declaratives or polar questions. Speakers maintained a difference between high and low target tones in both sentence types. However, speakers had higher F0s overall for polar question carrier phrases than declaratives; declaratives showed greater F0 declination. Both declaratives and questions exhibit a phrase final fall, but lexical tone of bisyllabic objects are well differentiated in declaratives. In questions, tonal space for bisyllabic objects is compressed with level or rising tone patterns, while the falling tone pattern exhibits a large range difference in questions. The results of this study show that lexical tone targets are generally maintained, but intonation can impact tone realizations through pitch raising and compression.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Nov 1, 2013
Korean relative clauses do not have to be adjacent to the substantives they modify; genitive noun... more Korean relative clauses do not have to be adjacent to the substantives they modify; genitive noun phrases can interpose between the relative clause and the substantive. Thus, the syntactic analysis of a given relative clause is inherently ambiguous, such that the relative clause can modify either the head noun of a genitive noun phrase or the complex noun phrase as a whole. However, in spoken language, one rarely finds this type of ambiguity even though the relative clause could modify either of the two nouns. This suggests that speakers use prosody to convey intended meaning, with different prosodic cues associated with different syntactic boundaries, thus, providing information necessary for disambiguation. We examined the clarification of surface structure ambiguity in Korean relative clause attachments via prosody. The survey confirmed that native speakers think relative clauses are surface ambiguous. The acoustical analysis revealed that prosodic disambiguation consists of pause insertion, pitch raising, and final lengthening at the syntactic boundary. Regarding the relative importance of different prosodic measures used by speakers, we discovered that pitch raising was a more powerful measure than final lengthening in prosodic disambiguation, and that pausing played the least important role in the parsing of an ambiguous relative clause.
Speech Prosody 2016, 2016
This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarativ... more This paper examines tone-intonation interactions in the Thetogovela dialect of Moro in declarative assertive statements and polar questions. Polar questions may have an optional final question particle. Moro has high and low lexical tones. We predicted that tone realizations would differ between declarative statements and polar questions due to the intonation system. To test this prediction, two male speakers produced subject-verbobject sentences with target objects of varying tonal patterns in a carrier phrase, as either declaratives or polar questions. Speakers maintained a difference between high and low target tones in both sentence types. However, speakers had higher F0s overall for polar question carrier phrases than declaratives; declaratives showed greater F0 declination. Both declaratives and questions exhibit a phrase final fall, but lexical tone of bisyllabic objects are well differentiated in declaratives. In questions, tonal space for bisyllabic objects is compressed with level or rising tone patterns, while the falling tone pattern exhibits a large range difference in questions. The results of this study show that lexical tone targets are generally maintained, but intonation can impact tone realizations through pitch raising and compression.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013
Korean has not been unanimously classified for rhythm class, and it lacks stress. Thus, it does n... more Korean has not been unanimously classified for rhythm class, and it lacks stress. Thus, it does not fit into views that rhythm rests on alternations of metrical strength. The goal was to examine what, if any, elements are used in Korean for rhythm purposes. It was hypothesized that the onsets of accentual phrases act as beats. The materials were 6 sentences; each was 9 syllables and three APs long. The number of syllables in each AP varied. Syllable composition also varied between CV and CVC. Native speakers repeated each sentence, fitting each repetition into beat intervals at three different metronome rates. Each AP was expressed as a ratio of the entire cycle. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment suggests that speakers keep AP onsets in phase although syllable count and composition also affect phase. The results support our hypothesis that AP onsets operate similarly to stresses. The second experiment that used waltz rhythm showed that it is the only level of prominence, and no differentiation between the strength of these beats, such that it would produce waltz rhythm, is possible. The results suggest that Korean rhythm is not characterized by multiple levels of alternation between strong and weak constituents.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013
ABSTRACT
Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 2011
ABSTRACT
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
ABSTRACT