Kathleen Dracup | University of California, San Francisco (original) (raw)
Papers by Kathleen Dracup
Research in Nursing & Health, 2000
The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in emotional distres... more The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in emotional distress among spouses of recovering cardiac patients based on level of perceived control, and to determine whether perceived control can be enhanced by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. A total of 219 spouses of cardiac patients recovering from an acute cardiac event were enrolled and 196 completed the study. Spouses were assigned to either a no-treatment control group or one of two CPR training groups. Perceived control and emotional adjustment were measured at baseline and again 1 month after subjects received CPR training. Spouses with high perceived control were less anxious, less depressed, and less hostile at baseline. Perceived control increased significantly in spouses after both CPR training groups, but was unchanged in the control group. After a partner's cardiac event, perceived control is important for psychological recovery in spouses and can be increased by CPR training.
Journal of cardiac failure, Jan 20, 2015
Patients hospitalized with heart failure are often readmitted. Health literacy may play a substan... more Patients hospitalized with heart failure are often readmitted. Health literacy may play a substantial role in the high rate of readmissions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of health literacy with the composite end point of heart failure readmission rates and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure living in rural areas. Rural adults (n = 575), hospitalized for heart failure within the last 6 months completed the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA) to measure health literacy and were followed for at least two years. The percent of patients with the end point of heart failure readmission or all-cause death was different (p=0.001) among the three STOFHLA score levels. Unadjusted analysis revealed that patients with inadequate or marginal health literacy were 1.94 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.43, 2.63; p < 0.001) times, and 1.91 (95% CI 1.36, 2.67; p < 0.001) times, respectively, more likely to experience the outcom...
European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology, Jan 21, 2014
Medication adherence is a complex behavior that is influenced by numerous factors. Applying self-... more Medication adherence is a complex behavior that is influenced by numerous factors. Applying self-efficacy theory, the primary aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare medication self-efficacy among patients with coronary heart disease who received: (a) text messages (TMs) for medication reminders and education, (b) TMs for education, or (c) no TMs. The second aim was to identify the personal (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) and psychosocial factors that were associated with and predicted medication adherence. Customized TMs were delivered over 30 days. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze medication self-efficacy. A multiple regression analysis was performed at baseline and follow-up to determine variables that were associated with and predicted self-reported medication adherence. Among 90 subjects with mean age 59.2 years (standard deviation (SD) 9.4, range 35-83), total scores for medication self-efficacy improved over 30 days; ho...
Journal of clinical medicine research, 2014
Beta blocker (BB) doses are often suboptimal in heart failure (HF) management. Differences in BB ... more Beta blocker (BB) doses are often suboptimal in heart failure (HF) management. Differences in BB management patterns may exist between physicians in family medicine (FM) and internal medicine (IM). The aims of this study were to compare: 1) BB doses and prescription patterns; and 2) health care utilization rates in patients cared for by all primary care physicians compared to an historical control group after an educational program on HF management. A subgroup analysis was performed between patients cared for by FM and IM physicians. A secondary aim was to assess physician knowledge scores and satisfaction. A historically controlled study was conducted among low-income, underserved HF patients (mean age 54.1 ± 13.1, males 70%, mean ejection fraction 28.2 ± 9.8%). Statistical methods included linear mixed models and Fisher's exact tests to assess prescription patterns of BB dosing and health care utilization rates (all cause and HF related hospitalizations, emergency department u...
Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
The physical demands and psychological stressors of caregiving negatively impact the emotional we... more The physical demands and psychological stressors of caregiving negatively impact the emotional well-being of spouses in many chronically ill populations such as patients with Alzheimer's disease and end-stage renal failure. Heart failure (HF) is a chronic illness with a poor prognosis that is increasing in prevalence and incidence, yet little is know about its effect on the family, particularly the spouse. We conducted this study to describe the emotional well-being of spouses of patients with HF, to identify factors associated with spouses' decreased emotional well-being, and to compare emotional well-being between spouses with higher and lower levels of perceived control. We proposed a model that included age, sex, employment status, perceived control, and caregiver burden to explain the emotional well-being of spouses. Data were collected from 69 spouses of patients with advanced HF (mean age 54 years and predominantly female) using 2 subscales of the SF-36, control attit...
The doctoral dissertation is the capstone event of doctoral study. While developing their dissert... more The doctoral dissertation is the capstone event of doctoral study. While developing their dissertations, graduate students discover the cutting edge of the discipline, learn the intricacies of the research process, and engage in scientific dialogue with experts in the field. Traditional dissertation formats are confined to the Dissertation Abstracts International and are not easily accessed by clinicians, administrators, and researchers who are most in need of the information. Consequently, the number of universities offering options to the traditional dissertation format is growing. This article describes and compares 2 formats: the traditional dissertation and the publication option. The benefits and challenges of each format to doctoral students and faculty are discussed. The discussion reflects changing trends in the nursing profession as an academic discipline.
Circulation. Heart failure, 2014
There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of pat... more There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of patients with chronic heart failure (HF), a reality that can lead to poor health-related quality of life (QoL). Little is known about the experience of rural patients with HF. This study was part of a randomized clinical trial titled Rural Education to Improve Outcomes in Heart Failure (REMOTE-HF) designed to test an education and counseling intervention to improve self-care in patients with HF. We evaluated 612 rural patients. Multiple validated questionnaires were administered to assess patient perceptions of health and health literacy. Baseline factors were collected and compared with baseline QoL measures only. Patients' health-related QoL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure scale. The data were analyzed using a general linear model to test the association of various patient characteristics with QoL in rural patients with HF. Patients were 65.8 (+12.9) years o...
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2014
The measurement of medication adherence is important in both clinical practice and research setti... more The measurement of medication adherence is important in both clinical practice and research settings to offer effective medical therapy, improve clinical outcomes, and determine the efficacy of therapy. The aims of this article are to (a) present an overview of current and developing electronic methods of medication measurement, (b) explore the advantages and disadvantages to each approach, and (c) discuss the implications of using electronic monitoring devices for clinical practice and research. A comprehensive review of electronic forms of medication measurement was performed. A description of each method is presented including oral medication monitors, personal electronic devices, electronic blisters, wirelessly observed therapy, inhaled medication monitors, mobile phones, video/photo-assisted observation, and electronic health records. Familiarity with using electronic devices and advances in technology will continue to develop and influence the measurement of medication adherence.
Research in Nursing & Health, 2007
Patient Education and Counseling, 2011
Patient Education and Counseling, 2014
Nursing Research, 1989
Three methods of temperature monitoring were studied in 55 adult hypothermic postcardiac surgery ... more Three methods of temperature monitoring were studied in 55 adult hypothermic postcardiac surgery patients using the pulmonary artery, rectum, and urinary bladder as measurement sites. Pulmonary artery temperature served as the standard for core body temperature. Measurements in the rectum were recorded with a disposable plastic temperature probe and in the urinary bladder with a thermistor-tipped Foley catheter. Patients were studied within one hour of admission to the cardiac surgical intensive care unit and on an hourly basis until they reached normothermia (37 degrees C). Although mean temperatures did not vary greatly for any group, there was a significant difference between measures over time. Correlations of pulmonary artery and urinary bladder temperatures ranged from .78 to .94, pulmonary artery and rectal temperature from .49 to .82, and urinary bladder and rectal temperature from .46 to .85. The results of this study indicate that the urinary bladder is a reliable indicator of core temperature during rewarming following cardiac surgery.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2003
The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2013
Journal of Cardiac Failure, 2009
Journal of Cardiac Failure, 1999
International Journal of Cardiology, 2006
Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 2012
Research in Nursing & Health, 2000
The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in emotional distres... more The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in emotional distress among spouses of recovering cardiac patients based on level of perceived control, and to determine whether perceived control can be enhanced by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. A total of 219 spouses of cardiac patients recovering from an acute cardiac event were enrolled and 196 completed the study. Spouses were assigned to either a no-treatment control group or one of two CPR training groups. Perceived control and emotional adjustment were measured at baseline and again 1 month after subjects received CPR training. Spouses with high perceived control were less anxious, less depressed, and less hostile at baseline. Perceived control increased significantly in spouses after both CPR training groups, but was unchanged in the control group. After a partner's cardiac event, perceived control is important for psychological recovery in spouses and can be increased by CPR training.
Journal of cardiac failure, Jan 20, 2015
Patients hospitalized with heart failure are often readmitted. Health literacy may play a substan... more Patients hospitalized with heart failure are often readmitted. Health literacy may play a substantial role in the high rate of readmissions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of health literacy with the composite end point of heart failure readmission rates and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure living in rural areas. Rural adults (n = 575), hospitalized for heart failure within the last 6 months completed the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA) to measure health literacy and were followed for at least two years. The percent of patients with the end point of heart failure readmission or all-cause death was different (p=0.001) among the three STOFHLA score levels. Unadjusted analysis revealed that patients with inadequate or marginal health literacy were 1.94 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.43, 2.63; p < 0.001) times, and 1.91 (95% CI 1.36, 2.67; p < 0.001) times, respectively, more likely to experience the outcom...
European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology, Jan 21, 2014
Medication adherence is a complex behavior that is influenced by numerous factors. Applying self-... more Medication adherence is a complex behavior that is influenced by numerous factors. Applying self-efficacy theory, the primary aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare medication self-efficacy among patients with coronary heart disease who received: (a) text messages (TMs) for medication reminders and education, (b) TMs for education, or (c) no TMs. The second aim was to identify the personal (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) and psychosocial factors that were associated with and predicted medication adherence. Customized TMs were delivered over 30 days. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze medication self-efficacy. A multiple regression analysis was performed at baseline and follow-up to determine variables that were associated with and predicted self-reported medication adherence. Among 90 subjects with mean age 59.2 years (standard deviation (SD) 9.4, range 35-83), total scores for medication self-efficacy improved over 30 days; ho...
Journal of clinical medicine research, 2014
Beta blocker (BB) doses are often suboptimal in heart failure (HF) management. Differences in BB ... more Beta blocker (BB) doses are often suboptimal in heart failure (HF) management. Differences in BB management patterns may exist between physicians in family medicine (FM) and internal medicine (IM). The aims of this study were to compare: 1) BB doses and prescription patterns; and 2) health care utilization rates in patients cared for by all primary care physicians compared to an historical control group after an educational program on HF management. A subgroup analysis was performed between patients cared for by FM and IM physicians. A secondary aim was to assess physician knowledge scores and satisfaction. A historically controlled study was conducted among low-income, underserved HF patients (mean age 54.1 ± 13.1, males 70%, mean ejection fraction 28.2 ± 9.8%). Statistical methods included linear mixed models and Fisher's exact tests to assess prescription patterns of BB dosing and health care utilization rates (all cause and HF related hospitalizations, emergency department u...
Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
The physical demands and psychological stressors of caregiving negatively impact the emotional we... more The physical demands and psychological stressors of caregiving negatively impact the emotional well-being of spouses in many chronically ill populations such as patients with Alzheimer's disease and end-stage renal failure. Heart failure (HF) is a chronic illness with a poor prognosis that is increasing in prevalence and incidence, yet little is know about its effect on the family, particularly the spouse. We conducted this study to describe the emotional well-being of spouses of patients with HF, to identify factors associated with spouses' decreased emotional well-being, and to compare emotional well-being between spouses with higher and lower levels of perceived control. We proposed a model that included age, sex, employment status, perceived control, and caregiver burden to explain the emotional well-being of spouses. Data were collected from 69 spouses of patients with advanced HF (mean age 54 years and predominantly female) using 2 subscales of the SF-36, control attit...
The doctoral dissertation is the capstone event of doctoral study. While developing their dissert... more The doctoral dissertation is the capstone event of doctoral study. While developing their dissertations, graduate students discover the cutting edge of the discipline, learn the intricacies of the research process, and engage in scientific dialogue with experts in the field. Traditional dissertation formats are confined to the Dissertation Abstracts International and are not easily accessed by clinicians, administrators, and researchers who are most in need of the information. Consequently, the number of universities offering options to the traditional dissertation format is growing. This article describes and compares 2 formats: the traditional dissertation and the publication option. The benefits and challenges of each format to doctoral students and faculty are discussed. The discussion reflects changing trends in the nursing profession as an academic discipline.
Circulation. Heart failure, 2014
There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of pat... more There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of patients with chronic heart failure (HF), a reality that can lead to poor health-related quality of life (QoL). Little is known about the experience of rural patients with HF. This study was part of a randomized clinical trial titled Rural Education to Improve Outcomes in Heart Failure (REMOTE-HF) designed to test an education and counseling intervention to improve self-care in patients with HF. We evaluated 612 rural patients. Multiple validated questionnaires were administered to assess patient perceptions of health and health literacy. Baseline factors were collected and compared with baseline QoL measures only. Patients' health-related QoL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure scale. The data were analyzed using a general linear model to test the association of various patient characteristics with QoL in rural patients with HF. Patients were 65.8 (+12.9) years o...
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2014
The measurement of medication adherence is important in both clinical practice and research setti... more The measurement of medication adherence is important in both clinical practice and research settings to offer effective medical therapy, improve clinical outcomes, and determine the efficacy of therapy. The aims of this article are to (a) present an overview of current and developing electronic methods of medication measurement, (b) explore the advantages and disadvantages to each approach, and (c) discuss the implications of using electronic monitoring devices for clinical practice and research. A comprehensive review of electronic forms of medication measurement was performed. A description of each method is presented including oral medication monitors, personal electronic devices, electronic blisters, wirelessly observed therapy, inhaled medication monitors, mobile phones, video/photo-assisted observation, and electronic health records. Familiarity with using electronic devices and advances in technology will continue to develop and influence the measurement of medication adherence.
Research in Nursing & Health, 2007
Patient Education and Counseling, 2011
Patient Education and Counseling, 2014
Nursing Research, 1989
Three methods of temperature monitoring were studied in 55 adult hypothermic postcardiac surgery ... more Three methods of temperature monitoring were studied in 55 adult hypothermic postcardiac surgery patients using the pulmonary artery, rectum, and urinary bladder as measurement sites. Pulmonary artery temperature served as the standard for core body temperature. Measurements in the rectum were recorded with a disposable plastic temperature probe and in the urinary bladder with a thermistor-tipped Foley catheter. Patients were studied within one hour of admission to the cardiac surgical intensive care unit and on an hourly basis until they reached normothermia (37 degrees C). Although mean temperatures did not vary greatly for any group, there was a significant difference between measures over time. Correlations of pulmonary artery and urinary bladder temperatures ranged from .78 to .94, pulmonary artery and rectal temperature from .49 to .82, and urinary bladder and rectal temperature from .46 to .85. The results of this study indicate that the urinary bladder is a reliable indicator of core temperature during rewarming following cardiac surgery.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2003
The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2013
Journal of Cardiac Failure, 2009
Journal of Cardiac Failure, 1999
International Journal of Cardiology, 2006
Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 2012