Javier Bustos Salvagno | Universidad del Desarrollo (UDD) (original) (raw)

Papers by Javier Bustos Salvagno

Research paper thumbnail of Energy 2050: A Participatory Process for a Long-Term Energy Policy and its Role in Climate Change Policies in Chile

Case Studies contain preliminary research, analysis, findings, and recommendations on previous lo... more Case Studies contain preliminary research, analysis, findings, and recommendations on previous long-term planning exercises. They are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback and to influence ongoing debate on emerging issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Interconexión Eléctrica en Chile: precios versus costos

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la intercon... more El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la interconexión entre los dos mayores sistemas eléctricos de Chile. Para ello se estima un modelo econométrico en que los precios son explicados, entre otras variables, por el nivel de los costos marginales del sistema, los grados de concentración del mercado y la variabilidad de los costos marginales proyectados por los agentes. Los datos utilizados corresponden a los contratos bilaterales entre generadores y grandes clientes, desde 2006 hasta 2014. Los resultados encontrados indican que la interconexión beneficiaría a los clientes finales al disminuir los precios de equilibrio, producto de una caída en la variabilidad de los costos marginales esperados y una menor concentración de las empresas generadoras existentes. El aporte de este enfoque es que centra los beneficios de la interconexión en las condiciones de competencia y riesgo, y no en la simple estimación de costos directos como tradicionalmente se ha hecho.

Research paper thumbnail of Mercados informales y control vertical: Comercialización de producción perecible

Estudios Públicos

Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio de caso de cambios institucionales ocurridos desde fines de lo... more Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio de caso de cambios institucionales ocurridos desde fines de los años 90 en la pesquería artesanal de Merluza Austral en Chile. Esta pesquería, que exporta la totalidad de su producción en formato "fresco", constituye un caso pionero en Chile de acción colectiva exitosa y autogobierno en comunidades de pesca artesanal que explotan recursos marinos móviles. Esta pesquería sufrió una crisis de productividad desde fines de los años 80, durante casi una década. En reacción a esto, organizaciones de pescadores iniciaron conversaciones con la autoridad sectorial para intro

Research paper thumbnail of Joint ventures y especialización productiva en la industria del vino en Chile

Research paper thumbnail of Proyecto de Ley de Licitaciones Eléctricas

Observatorio Económico

Por todos es conocido el hecho de que el mundo de la energía, específicamente el mercado eléctric... more Por todos es conocido el hecho de que el mundo de la energía, específicamente el mercado eléctrico, ha vivido un período muy difícil en los últimos años. Manifestación de esta realidad han sido los precios altos -tanto en el mercado spot (de transferencia instantánea) como en el de contratos- y el atraso en el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos de inversión.Los precios altos no sólo afectan el desarrollo del país, disminuyendo nuestra capacidad de crecimiento y de generación de empleo, sino que también tienen un impacto directo en la vida de las personas, a través del incremento en las cuentas de luz de los hogares. Continuar leyendo...

Research paper thumbnail of The role of LNG and unconventional gas in the future natural gas markets of Argentina and Chile

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

The natural gas exports from Argentina to Chile until the last decade represented a milestone for... more The natural gas exports from Argentina to Chile until the last decade represented a milestone for the energy integration aspirations in South America. Since the interruptions of Argentinian gas flows to Chile in 2004, this regional gas trade has been substituted by LNG imports. In 2016, Chile even started delivering gas to Argentina sourced by its LNG regasification terminals. However, tapping into unconventional gas resources in Argentina can reshape the supply-demand balance for these two countries. This study analysed the interplay between LNG and unconventional gas under two scenarios of investments in upstream supported by an integrated modelling tool for gas and power. In the Low-Investment Scenario in upstream, LNG imports increase significantly making it necessary to double the regasification capacity of Argentina by 2030. In the High-Investment scenario, where unconventional gas represents nearly half of natural gas domestic production in 2030, Argentina will rely on LNG only to meet winter demands. For Chile, in both scenarios tested, LNG remains relevant, requiring the construction of new regasification terminals. Still, developing unconventional resources as in the High-Investment scenario allows Argentina to re-take exports to Chile in the next decade, mainly in the summer season, providing another opportunity for discussions on energy integration in the region.

Research paper thumbnail of Essays on competition in electricity markets

Research paper thumbnail of Eficiencia en Mecanismos De Arbitraje: El Caso Del Panel De Expertos Electrico en Chile

El presente trabajo analiza la creación del Panel de Expertos del Sector Eléctrico en Chile, desd... more El presente trabajo analiza la creación del Panel de Expertos del Sector Eléctrico en Chile, desde la óptica de la moderna teoría de arbitrajes, destacando las bondades del esquema de "oferta final" aplicado en el país. A partir de un modelo teórico simplificado, se fundamenta la posibilidad de que sea el mencionado Panel el que resuelva discrepancias respecto a la imputabilidad de los atrasos en la puesta en marcha de proyectos que sustenten contratos para clientes regulados, reglamentando las características de dicha imputabilidad, lo cual redundaría en precios de oferta menores en los procesos licitatorios. Asimismo, a partir de un análisis teórico sobre el equilibro del "juego" que opera en el ámbito de los procesos de fijación tarifaria en el sector sanitario, se propone seguir la experiencia eléctrica en cuanto a eliminar la posibilidad de negociación entre el regulador y las empresas reguladas, en lo que respecta a divergencias en los estudios tarifarios, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Mercado de Contratos de Suministro Eléctrico en Chile

El mercado de contratos de suministro eléctrico hace referencia al mercado de largo plazo, el cua... more El mercado de contratos de suministro eléctrico hace referencia al mercado de largo plazo, el cual permite a generadores enfrentar el riesgo de variabilidad del precio spot o de corto plazo así como obtener financiamiento para la construcción de centrales. En este mercado se determina el precio de suministro para clientes regulados por una parte y libres por otra. El funcionamiento del mercado de contratos es parte esencial de la competencia en el segmento de generación para un mercado eléctrico. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo introducir a la discusión de los determinantes de precios de contratos en el caso de Chile.

Research paper thumbnail of Bidding behavior in the Chilean electricity market

Energy Economics, 2015

ABSTRACT Auctions for long-term supply contracts in electricity markets were introduced mainly in... more ABSTRACT Auctions for long-term supply contracts in electricity markets were introduced mainly in developing countries to encourage capacity investment and optimal risk allocation. In order to understand generators' bidding behavior, this paper examines the Chilean experience from 2006 to 2011. Using a divisible good auction model I provide a theoretical framework that explains bidding behavior in terms of expected spot prices and contracting positions. The model is extended to include evidence of potential strategic behavior on contracting decisions. Empirical estimations confirm main determinants of bidding behavior and indicate heterogeneity in the marginal cost of over-contracting depending on size and incumbency

Research paper thumbnail of Propiedad extranjera y especialización productiva en la industria del vino en Chile

Documento de Investigación, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Economic effects of Transmission Expansions: The case of the Regulated Contract Market in Chile

IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Chilean Experience on Long-term Electricity Auctions : Changes and Challenges Ahead

p.37 power auctioned does not imply a “take or pay” contract. The amount of power supplied by gen... more p.37 power auctioned does not imply a “take or pay” contract. The amount of power supplied by generators is the one effectively demanded. From 2006 to 2014, there were other contract considerations in place. A publicly known ceiling price was established for each auction by the CNE. Also, LTC auctions have to be done at least 3 years in advance, in order to foster competition among new entrants and incumbents. Contracts could not be longer than 15 years. Finally, there was a particular setting in the Chilean case. Each distributor had to decide the size and length of each contract to be auctioned. To foster competition, distribution companies coordinate to implement a unique allocation mechanism for each auction where all contracts have to be auctioned. However, the contracts were different between companies in terms of duration, size and supply conditions. Since it was not possible to sum all the demands in a unique supply contract, distribution companies coordinated on a single me...

Research paper thumbnail of \Ralco is coming": Investment delay in the Chilean Power Market

The Chilean power market experienced a period of lag in capacity expansion from 2000 to 2004. Reg... more The Chilean power market experienced a period of lag in capacity expansion from 2000 to 2004. Regarded as a result of regulatory uncertainty, the role of delays in the construction of a large hydro-power plant, Ralco, has been overlooked by the literature. We argue that Ralco’s delays postponed projected investment and gave small windows of opportunity that only incumbents could take advantage of. Using as a framework a simple model of investment, we are able to retrace the history of Ralco’s construction through the regulator’s reports and highlight the eect of Ralco’s delays on suggested and under-construction investments. We also show with real-time information during this period that capacity expansion was low but there was not a decit in the required amount of investment to balance demand and supply.

Research paper thumbnail of Interconexión Eléctrica en Chile: Precios versus Costos

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la intercon... more El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la interconexiA³n entre los dos mayores sistemas elA©ctricos de Chile. Para ello se estima un modelo economA©trico en que los precios son explicados, entre otras variables, por el nivel de los costos marginales del sistema, los grados de concentraciA³n del mercado y la variabilidad de los costos marginales proyectados por los agentes. Los datos utilizados corresponden a los contratos bilaterales entre generadores y grandes clientes, desde 2006 hasta 2014. Los resultados encontrados indican que la interconexiA³n beneficiarA­a a los clientes finales al disminuir los precios de equilibrio, producto de una caA­da en la variabilidad de los costos marginales esperados y una menor concentraciA³n de las empresas generadoras existentes. El aporte de este enfoque es que centra los beneficios de la interconexiA³n en las condiciones de competencia y riesgo, y no en la simple estimaciA³n de costos directos como...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinantes Del Precio Spot Electrico en El Sistema Interconectado Central De Chile

Revista de análisis económico, Oct 1, 2017

Este trabajo no representa un documento oficial ni corresponde a una declaración de ningún tipo d... more Este trabajo no representa un documento oficial ni corresponde a una declaración de ningún tipo del Ministerio de Energía ni de KPMG Asesores S.L. Todos los errores son propios de los autores.

Research paper thumbnail of Technology Adoption under Strategic Forward Trading

ABSTRACT This paper shows how technology decisions affect entry under strategic for- ward trading... more ABSTRACT This paper shows how technology decisions affect entry under strategic for- ward trading in commodity markets with oligopolistic competition. I demonstrate an entry deterrence effect that works through cost uncertainty. Technology's cost volatility affects spot market expected payoffs through forward market decisions. Therefore, incentives to engage in forward trading shape rms' decisions on pro- duction technologies. I show that high-cost but low-risk technologies are adopted by risk-averse incumbents to deter entry. Strategic technology adoption can yield an equilibrium where high-cost technologies prevail over low-cost but riskier ones. If incumbents are less risk-averse than entrants, entry deterrence is achieved by choosing riskier technologies. The main results do not depend on who chooses their technology first.

Research paper thumbnail of Electricity Interconnection in Chile: Prices versus Costs

Energies

Having a well-adapted transmission network is key for reaching a sustainable energy system, where... more Having a well-adapted transmission network is key for reaching a sustainable energy system, where generators and consumers participate in an efficient market. The purpose of the present research is to estimate the impact on the final prices of the interconnection of the two largest electrical systems in Chile. To this end, an econometric model is used in which prices, among other variables, are explained by the level of marginal costs in the system (opportunity cost), the degree of concentration in the market (market power), and the variability of marginal costs projected by the agents (risk). The data corresponds to bilateral contracts between generators and major clients, from 2006 to 2014. The basic results indicate that the interconnection would benefit final customers by reducing equilibrium contract prices, as a result of the decreased variability of expected marginal costs and a lower concentration of existing generating companies. This study's main contribution is to focus on the benefits of electricity interconnection under conditions of competition and risk, instead of using the simple estimation of direct costs, as has traditionally been done.

Research paper thumbnail of Bidding behavior in the Chilean electricity market

Contracts in power markets are usually obscure. From recently public auctions of long-term supply... more Contracts in power markets are usually obscure. From recently public auctions of long-term supply contracts we can obtain information on how contract prices are determined. To understand generators' bidding behavior, this paper examines the Chilean experience from 2006 to 2011. Using a divisible good auction model we provide a theoretical framework that explains bidding behavior in terms of expected spot prices and contracting positions. Empirical estimations indicate heterogeneity in the cost of over-contracting depending on incumbency, bringing evidence of significant barriers to entry.

Research paper thumbnail of Economic effects of Transmission Expansions: The case of the Regulated Contract Market in Chile

One of the main issues in deciding an expansion in power transmission capacity is the effect on g... more One of the main issues in deciding an expansion in power transmission capacity is the effect on generators’ competition. This paper aims to perform an econometric estimation of the main determinants of long-term regulated contract prices from 2006 to 2014 and use the results to estimate the effect on market power reduction of an interconnection of the two main power systems in Chile.

Research paper thumbnail of Energy 2050: A Participatory Process for a Long-Term Energy Policy and its Role in Climate Change Policies in Chile

Case Studies contain preliminary research, analysis, findings, and recommendations on previous lo... more Case Studies contain preliminary research, analysis, findings, and recommendations on previous long-term planning exercises. They are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback and to influence ongoing debate on emerging issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Interconexión Eléctrica en Chile: precios versus costos

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la intercon... more El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la interconexión entre los dos mayores sistemas eléctricos de Chile. Para ello se estima un modelo econométrico en que los precios son explicados, entre otras variables, por el nivel de los costos marginales del sistema, los grados de concentración del mercado y la variabilidad de los costos marginales proyectados por los agentes. Los datos utilizados corresponden a los contratos bilaterales entre generadores y grandes clientes, desde 2006 hasta 2014. Los resultados encontrados indican que la interconexión beneficiaría a los clientes finales al disminuir los precios de equilibrio, producto de una caída en la variabilidad de los costos marginales esperados y una menor concentración de las empresas generadoras existentes. El aporte de este enfoque es que centra los beneficios de la interconexión en las condiciones de competencia y riesgo, y no en la simple estimación de costos directos como tradicionalmente se ha hecho.

Research paper thumbnail of Mercados informales y control vertical: Comercialización de producción perecible

Estudios Públicos

Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio de caso de cambios institucionales ocurridos desde fines de lo... more Este trabajo desarrolla un estudio de caso de cambios institucionales ocurridos desde fines de los años 90 en la pesquería artesanal de Merluza Austral en Chile. Esta pesquería, que exporta la totalidad de su producción en formato "fresco", constituye un caso pionero en Chile de acción colectiva exitosa y autogobierno en comunidades de pesca artesanal que explotan recursos marinos móviles. Esta pesquería sufrió una crisis de productividad desde fines de los años 80, durante casi una década. En reacción a esto, organizaciones de pescadores iniciaron conversaciones con la autoridad sectorial para intro

Research paper thumbnail of Joint ventures y especialización productiva en la industria del vino en Chile

Research paper thumbnail of Proyecto de Ley de Licitaciones Eléctricas

Observatorio Económico

Por todos es conocido el hecho de que el mundo de la energía, específicamente el mercado eléctric... more Por todos es conocido el hecho de que el mundo de la energía, específicamente el mercado eléctrico, ha vivido un período muy difícil en los últimos años. Manifestación de esta realidad han sido los precios altos -tanto en el mercado spot (de transferencia instantánea) como en el de contratos- y el atraso en el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos de inversión.Los precios altos no sólo afectan el desarrollo del país, disminuyendo nuestra capacidad de crecimiento y de generación de empleo, sino que también tienen un impacto directo en la vida de las personas, a través del incremento en las cuentas de luz de los hogares. Continuar leyendo...

Research paper thumbnail of The role of LNG and unconventional gas in the future natural gas markets of Argentina and Chile

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

The natural gas exports from Argentina to Chile until the last decade represented a milestone for... more The natural gas exports from Argentina to Chile until the last decade represented a milestone for the energy integration aspirations in South America. Since the interruptions of Argentinian gas flows to Chile in 2004, this regional gas trade has been substituted by LNG imports. In 2016, Chile even started delivering gas to Argentina sourced by its LNG regasification terminals. However, tapping into unconventional gas resources in Argentina can reshape the supply-demand balance for these two countries. This study analysed the interplay between LNG and unconventional gas under two scenarios of investments in upstream supported by an integrated modelling tool for gas and power. In the Low-Investment Scenario in upstream, LNG imports increase significantly making it necessary to double the regasification capacity of Argentina by 2030. In the High-Investment scenario, where unconventional gas represents nearly half of natural gas domestic production in 2030, Argentina will rely on LNG only to meet winter demands. For Chile, in both scenarios tested, LNG remains relevant, requiring the construction of new regasification terminals. Still, developing unconventional resources as in the High-Investment scenario allows Argentina to re-take exports to Chile in the next decade, mainly in the summer season, providing another opportunity for discussions on energy integration in the region.

Research paper thumbnail of Essays on competition in electricity markets

Research paper thumbnail of Eficiencia en Mecanismos De Arbitraje: El Caso Del Panel De Expertos Electrico en Chile

El presente trabajo analiza la creación del Panel de Expertos del Sector Eléctrico en Chile, desd... more El presente trabajo analiza la creación del Panel de Expertos del Sector Eléctrico en Chile, desde la óptica de la moderna teoría de arbitrajes, destacando las bondades del esquema de "oferta final" aplicado en el país. A partir de un modelo teórico simplificado, se fundamenta la posibilidad de que sea el mencionado Panel el que resuelva discrepancias respecto a la imputabilidad de los atrasos en la puesta en marcha de proyectos que sustenten contratos para clientes regulados, reglamentando las características de dicha imputabilidad, lo cual redundaría en precios de oferta menores en los procesos licitatorios. Asimismo, a partir de un análisis teórico sobre el equilibro del "juego" que opera en el ámbito de los procesos de fijación tarifaria en el sector sanitario, se propone seguir la experiencia eléctrica en cuanto a eliminar la posibilidad de negociación entre el regulador y las empresas reguladas, en lo que respecta a divergencias en los estudios tarifarios, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Mercado de Contratos de Suministro Eléctrico en Chile

El mercado de contratos de suministro eléctrico hace referencia al mercado de largo plazo, el cua... more El mercado de contratos de suministro eléctrico hace referencia al mercado de largo plazo, el cual permite a generadores enfrentar el riesgo de variabilidad del precio spot o de corto plazo así como obtener financiamiento para la construcción de centrales. En este mercado se determina el precio de suministro para clientes regulados por una parte y libres por otra. El funcionamiento del mercado de contratos es parte esencial de la competencia en el segmento de generación para un mercado eléctrico. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo introducir a la discusión de los determinantes de precios de contratos en el caso de Chile.

Research paper thumbnail of Bidding behavior in the Chilean electricity market

Energy Economics, 2015

ABSTRACT Auctions for long-term supply contracts in electricity markets were introduced mainly in... more ABSTRACT Auctions for long-term supply contracts in electricity markets were introduced mainly in developing countries to encourage capacity investment and optimal risk allocation. In order to understand generators' bidding behavior, this paper examines the Chilean experience from 2006 to 2011. Using a divisible good auction model I provide a theoretical framework that explains bidding behavior in terms of expected spot prices and contracting positions. The model is extended to include evidence of potential strategic behavior on contracting decisions. Empirical estimations confirm main determinants of bidding behavior and indicate heterogeneity in the marginal cost of over-contracting depending on size and incumbency

Research paper thumbnail of Propiedad extranjera y especialización productiva en la industria del vino en Chile

Documento de Investigación, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Economic effects of Transmission Expansions: The case of the Regulated Contract Market in Chile

IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Chilean Experience on Long-term Electricity Auctions : Changes and Challenges Ahead

p.37 power auctioned does not imply a “take or pay” contract. The amount of power supplied by gen... more p.37 power auctioned does not imply a “take or pay” contract. The amount of power supplied by generators is the one effectively demanded. From 2006 to 2014, there were other contract considerations in place. A publicly known ceiling price was established for each auction by the CNE. Also, LTC auctions have to be done at least 3 years in advance, in order to foster competition among new entrants and incumbents. Contracts could not be longer than 15 years. Finally, there was a particular setting in the Chilean case. Each distributor had to decide the size and length of each contract to be auctioned. To foster competition, distribution companies coordinate to implement a unique allocation mechanism for each auction where all contracts have to be auctioned. However, the contracts were different between companies in terms of duration, size and supply conditions. Since it was not possible to sum all the demands in a unique supply contract, distribution companies coordinated on a single me...

Research paper thumbnail of \Ralco is coming": Investment delay in the Chilean Power Market

The Chilean power market experienced a period of lag in capacity expansion from 2000 to 2004. Reg... more The Chilean power market experienced a period of lag in capacity expansion from 2000 to 2004. Regarded as a result of regulatory uncertainty, the role of delays in the construction of a large hydro-power plant, Ralco, has been overlooked by the literature. We argue that Ralco’s delays postponed projected investment and gave small windows of opportunity that only incumbents could take advantage of. Using as a framework a simple model of investment, we are able to retrace the history of Ralco’s construction through the regulator’s reports and highlight the eect of Ralco’s delays on suggested and under-construction investments. We also show with real-time information during this period that capacity expansion was low but there was not a decit in the required amount of investment to balance demand and supply.

Research paper thumbnail of Interconexión Eléctrica en Chile: Precios versus Costos

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la intercon... more El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estimar el impacto en precios a cliente final de la interconexiA³n entre los dos mayores sistemas elA©ctricos de Chile. Para ello se estima un modelo economA©trico en que los precios son explicados, entre otras variables, por el nivel de los costos marginales del sistema, los grados de concentraciA³n del mercado y la variabilidad de los costos marginales proyectados por los agentes. Los datos utilizados corresponden a los contratos bilaterales entre generadores y grandes clientes, desde 2006 hasta 2014. Los resultados encontrados indican que la interconexiA³n beneficiarA­a a los clientes finales al disminuir los precios de equilibrio, producto de una caA­da en la variabilidad de los costos marginales esperados y una menor concentraciA³n de las empresas generadoras existentes. El aporte de este enfoque es que centra los beneficios de la interconexiA³n en las condiciones de competencia y riesgo, y no en la simple estimaciA³n de costos directos como...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinantes Del Precio Spot Electrico en El Sistema Interconectado Central De Chile

Revista de análisis económico, Oct 1, 2017

Este trabajo no representa un documento oficial ni corresponde a una declaración de ningún tipo d... more Este trabajo no representa un documento oficial ni corresponde a una declaración de ningún tipo del Ministerio de Energía ni de KPMG Asesores S.L. Todos los errores son propios de los autores.

Research paper thumbnail of Technology Adoption under Strategic Forward Trading

ABSTRACT This paper shows how technology decisions affect entry under strategic for- ward trading... more ABSTRACT This paper shows how technology decisions affect entry under strategic for- ward trading in commodity markets with oligopolistic competition. I demonstrate an entry deterrence effect that works through cost uncertainty. Technology's cost volatility affects spot market expected payoffs through forward market decisions. Therefore, incentives to engage in forward trading shape rms' decisions on pro- duction technologies. I show that high-cost but low-risk technologies are adopted by risk-averse incumbents to deter entry. Strategic technology adoption can yield an equilibrium where high-cost technologies prevail over low-cost but riskier ones. If incumbents are less risk-averse than entrants, entry deterrence is achieved by choosing riskier technologies. The main results do not depend on who chooses their technology first.

Research paper thumbnail of Electricity Interconnection in Chile: Prices versus Costs

Energies

Having a well-adapted transmission network is key for reaching a sustainable energy system, where... more Having a well-adapted transmission network is key for reaching a sustainable energy system, where generators and consumers participate in an efficient market. The purpose of the present research is to estimate the impact on the final prices of the interconnection of the two largest electrical systems in Chile. To this end, an econometric model is used in which prices, among other variables, are explained by the level of marginal costs in the system (opportunity cost), the degree of concentration in the market (market power), and the variability of marginal costs projected by the agents (risk). The data corresponds to bilateral contracts between generators and major clients, from 2006 to 2014. The basic results indicate that the interconnection would benefit final customers by reducing equilibrium contract prices, as a result of the decreased variability of expected marginal costs and a lower concentration of existing generating companies. This study's main contribution is to focus on the benefits of electricity interconnection under conditions of competition and risk, instead of using the simple estimation of direct costs, as has traditionally been done.

Research paper thumbnail of Bidding behavior in the Chilean electricity market

Contracts in power markets are usually obscure. From recently public auctions of long-term supply... more Contracts in power markets are usually obscure. From recently public auctions of long-term supply contracts we can obtain information on how contract prices are determined. To understand generators' bidding behavior, this paper examines the Chilean experience from 2006 to 2011. Using a divisible good auction model we provide a theoretical framework that explains bidding behavior in terms of expected spot prices and contracting positions. Empirical estimations indicate heterogeneity in the cost of over-contracting depending on incumbency, bringing evidence of significant barriers to entry.

Research paper thumbnail of Economic effects of Transmission Expansions: The case of the Regulated Contract Market in Chile

One of the main issues in deciding an expansion in power transmission capacity is the effect on g... more One of the main issues in deciding an expansion in power transmission capacity is the effect on generators’ competition. This paper aims to perform an econometric estimation of the main determinants of long-term regulated contract prices from 2006 to 2014 and use the results to estimate the effect on market power reduction of an interconnection of the two main power systems in Chile.

Research paper thumbnail of Proyecto de Ley de Licitaciones Eléctricas: ¿resuelve el problema?

Por Javier Bustos, Ramiro de Elejalde y Fernando Fuentes