Jaime Salés | U. de Chile. (original) (raw)

Papers by Jaime Salés

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2008

The S2S assessment tool for unexpected reactors aims to identify how reactive chemical hazards ca... more The S2S assessment tool for unexpected reactors aims to identify how reactive chemical hazards can exist in process units or plant equipment outside the reactors. The assessment tool can also be used as a training tool since it is based on simple concepts, combining the following items:•A reaction triangle that describes the factors necessary for triggering a chemical reaction. The factors considered are temperature, concentration and residence time.•Process streams with physical and chemical properties that can be mapped on the reaction triangle.•Equipment or unit operations, which determine how process streams are positioned and moved in the reaction triangle. The design of the plant should ensure that these moves are safe. Equipment will have failure modes and can exhibit side effects that cause a shift in the reaction triangle that enables a reaction and may pose a hazard.•The tool is presented as a computer program that generates discrete questions to identify potential hazards and explains the likely mechanisms. It is applicable to batch, semi-batch and continuous processes, and it assumes that the user has previously identified/characterized the reaction hazards through literature studies, calculations, experiments or other S2S assessment methods.The tool can be found at the S2S web portal http://www.s-2-s.org/.

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2004

... and transforming two existing methodologies: HarsMeth (Nomen, Sempere, Sales, & Ghina... more ... and transforming two existing methodologies: HarsMeth (Nomen, Sempere, Sales, & Ghinaglia, 2002) and the Check Cards for Runaway (CCR) (Nomen et al ... important is found in the fact that in the first two checklists, all the questions are restricted to “yes/no” answers, requiring ...

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2008

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative analysis between the causes that lead to accidents in ... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative analysis between the causes that lead to accidents in the chemical industries, and the issues covered by the hazard assessment methodology HarsMeth. The objective of the report is to identify possible synergies between lessons learned from accident analyses and the requirements that an efficient hazard assessment tool must meet to be reliable.The analysis has been performed on a selection of accidents involving chemical reactivity that have been reported to the MARS database. The main causes have been identified and linked to the different topics included in HarsMeth, referring to specific management or technical issues, in an attempt to identify what areas of a chemical process are more critical as potential causes of accidents.

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2004

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2007

The objective of this paper is to present the results of the analysis performed on a selection of... more The objective of this paper is to present the results of the analysis performed on a selection of accidents included in the MARS database. This is a database of past accidents that occurred in Europe maintained by the European Commission, in order to help the Member States to meet the requirements of the Seveso and Seveso II directives. The study is focused on those accidents that involve reactions between chemical substances, whether wanted or unwanted, that generated a hazardous situation by loss of control of such reactions. Runaway reactions are known to be especially dangerous, given that many times they are unexpected, or their possible consequences underestimated, so sometimes chemical industries are not ready to cope with the effects of loss of control of reactive processes. The aim of the analysis is to obtain lessons learned from past accidents in order to prevent similar situations in the future, or to reduce their consequences. Understanding the causes of past accidents, including equipment failures, deviations in the expected course of a reaction, or deficiencies in process operations performed, can help to a better understanding of similar processes. Industries working with potentially dangerous chemicals should consider introducing lessons learned into their safety management systems.

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2009

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2010

Unidad: La sociedad finisecular: "Auge y crisis del Liberalismo". Profesor: Curso: 2° Año medio.

Unidad: La sociedad finisecular: "Auge y crisis del Liberalismo". Profesor: Curso: 2° Año medio.

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2008

The S2S assessment tool for unexpected reactors aims to identify how reactive chemical hazards ca... more The S2S assessment tool for unexpected reactors aims to identify how reactive chemical hazards can exist in process units or plant equipment outside the reactors. The assessment tool can also be used as a training tool since it is based on simple concepts, combining the following items:•A reaction triangle that describes the factors necessary for triggering a chemical reaction. The factors considered are temperature, concentration and residence time.•Process streams with physical and chemical properties that can be mapped on the reaction triangle.•Equipment or unit operations, which determine how process streams are positioned and moved in the reaction triangle. The design of the plant should ensure that these moves are safe. Equipment will have failure modes and can exhibit side effects that cause a shift in the reaction triangle that enables a reaction and may pose a hazard.•The tool is presented as a computer program that generates discrete questions to identify potential hazards and explains the likely mechanisms. It is applicable to batch, semi-batch and continuous processes, and it assumes that the user has previously identified/characterized the reaction hazards through literature studies, calculations, experiments or other S2S assessment methods.The tool can be found at the S2S web portal http://www.s-2-s.org/.

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2004

... and transforming two existing methodologies: HarsMeth (Nomen, Sempere, Sales, & Ghina... more ... and transforming two existing methodologies: HarsMeth (Nomen, Sempere, Sales, & Ghinaglia, 2002) and the Check Cards for Runaway (CCR) (Nomen et al ... important is found in the fact that in the first two checklists, all the questions are restricted to “yes/no” answers, requiring ...

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2008

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative analysis between the causes that lead to accidents in ... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative analysis between the causes that lead to accidents in the chemical industries, and the issues covered by the hazard assessment methodology HarsMeth. The objective of the report is to identify possible synergies between lessons learned from accident analyses and the requirements that an efficient hazard assessment tool must meet to be reliable.The analysis has been performed on a selection of accidents involving chemical reactivity that have been reported to the MARS database. The main causes have been identified and linked to the different topics included in HarsMeth, referring to specific management or technical issues, in an attempt to identify what areas of a chemical process are more critical as potential causes of accidents.

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2004

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2007

The objective of this paper is to present the results of the analysis performed on a selection of... more The objective of this paper is to present the results of the analysis performed on a selection of accidents included in the MARS database. This is a database of past accidents that occurred in Europe maintained by the European Commission, in order to help the Member States to meet the requirements of the Seveso and Seveso II directives. The study is focused on those accidents that involve reactions between chemical substances, whether wanted or unwanted, that generated a hazardous situation by loss of control of such reactions. Runaway reactions are known to be especially dangerous, given that many times they are unexpected, or their possible consequences underestimated, so sometimes chemical industries are not ready to cope with the effects of loss of control of reactive processes. The aim of the analysis is to obtain lessons learned from past accidents in order to prevent similar situations in the future, or to reduce their consequences. Understanding the causes of past accidents, including equipment failures, deviations in the expected course of a reaction, or deficiencies in process operations performed, can help to a better understanding of similar processes. Industries working with potentially dangerous chemicals should consider introducing lessons learned into their safety management systems.

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2009

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2010

Unidad: La sociedad finisecular: "Auge y crisis del Liberalismo". Profesor: Curso: 2° Año medio.

Unidad: La sociedad finisecular: "Auge y crisis del Liberalismo". Profesor: Curso: 2° Año medio.