Marcelo L B Santos | Universidad Diego Portales (original) (raw)

Papers by Marcelo L B Santos

En contraste con la imagen nacional e internacional optimista de Chile como un pais desarrollado ... more En contraste con la imagen nacional e internacional optimista de Chile como un pais desarrollado y estable, en 2011 eclosionan diversos movimientos sociales, principalmente el movimiento estudiantil. Este trabajo analiza la respuesta del presidente a la presion de la “calle” en su primer discurso en cadena nacional, en base a diferentes estrategias de analisis para dar cuenta de la complejidad del signo audiovisual: narrativa, textual, semiotica y de enunciacion. El analisis muestra un programa narrativo eminentemente nacionalista, mesianico y a la vez paternalista con la audiencia, caracteristicas frecuentes en discursos de lideres carismaticos. Pero al ser llevada a cabo por un lider no carismatico, resulta en una ausencia de coherencia enunciador-enunciado.

Chasqui , 2024

Esta investigación estudia la ‘política sucia’ entre polos opuestos y antagónicos, durante las el... more Esta investigación estudia la ‘política sucia’ entre polos opuestos y antagónicos, durante las elecciones presidenciales de Chile en 2021. Se analizan datos en grupos públicos de mensajería en WhatsApp, usando métodos computacionales, análisis cualitativo y una entrevista a un informante clave de la campaña de uno de los candidatos. Los resultados apuntan hacia tácticas 'sucias', como desinformación e ingeniería social, pero también sabotaje técnico, con la obstrucción deliberada de los grupos de campaña, predominantemente desde la derecha contra la izquierda.

Affordances-driven ethics for research on mobile instant messaging: Notes from the Global South, 2024

Mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications have received increasing attention from social scienc... more Mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications have received increasing attention from social science researchers lately. Despite the high frequency of its use for multiple purposes, research in such environments entails specific ethical challenges, more familiar for researchers from the Global South, where MIMs have become an important part of the media landscape for a decade or so. This article discusses the ethical dilemmas that emerged in two distinct cases where authors were part of the research teams, concluding that current frameworks fall short in the sociotechnical dimension. To address this, we complement the casuistic-heuristic model with an affordances-driven approach, which contemplates the agency of the group members within the interactive processes that take place in digital environments and the possibilities and constraints that platforms' features offer during the research process.

Mobile Media and Communication, 2024

Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 2023

When confronted with suspicious information, the most common advice is to rely on trusted, well-k... more When confronted with suspicious information, the most common advice is to rely on trusted, well-known news media outlets to verify it. However, in a high-choice, fragmented media ecosystem, news readers might easily find a source that confirms what they previously thought about an issue, or debunks reports that challenge their values and beliefs. As such, alternative news outlets might be a feasible venue for citizens to confront cross-cutting information. At the same time, avoiding contrary information or actively seeking different points of view depends on personal characteristics, such as ideology or education. Drawing upon research on selective exposure and confirmation bias, this study observes how alternative news media use, together with people's education and political ideology, affect citizens' fact-checking behaviors when encountering challenging information. Results from a two-wave panel study conducted in Chile suggest that ideology plays a role only for the highly educated, who rely on alternative media to fact-check the most when they are closer to the left side of the political spectrum.

Oxford University Press eBooks, Aug 18, 2022

This chapter discusses how a constantly changing media landscape affects political participation.... more This chapter discusses how a constantly changing media landscape affects political participation. After pointing out the affordances brought forward by digital communication technologies, six game changers are identified: information overload, changing habits of media use, crisis of media business, the shift from audiences to content creators, the emergence of new agents of information sharing and user cues. The chapter then discusses how and to what extent such game changers influence the different dimensions of political activity, from electoral to protest participation and then discusses the public role of private platforms. The final section concludes the chapter by highlighting the importance of critically assessing changes in media communication when examining political participation. Specifically, a call is made for adopting an innovative, dynamic attitude towards digital media research, while maintaining the focus on political deliberation.

Convergence, 2023

This research presents the concept of testimonial User-Generated Content (tUGC): media content ge... more This research presents the concept of testimonial User-Generated Content (tUGC): media content generated by ordinary citizens that witness an extraordinary event and publish it on their own channels. Rooted on the crossroads of UGC and Witnessing studies, this article provides a definition and a proposition of operationalization in a case analysis, using two protests against former Brazilian president Rousseff's impeachment in 2016 as case of study. Results suggest three main patterns of tUGC production, named as political, journalistic and expressive. Quantitative analysis points to a high frequency of production but to low levels of diffusion of tUGC overall in the context of the analyzed case. Finally, results suggest external factors seem have effect on general patterns of tUGC production and circulation. Discussion and further developments are offered.

International Journal of Press/Politics, Mar 24, 2022

Contrary to popular narratives, it is not clear whether using social media for news increases bel... more Contrary to popular narratives, it is not clear whether using social media for news increases belief in political misinformation. Several of the most methodologically sound studies find small to nonexistent effects. However, extant research is limited by focusing on few platforms (usually Facebook, Twitter or YouTube) and is heavily U.S. centered. This leaves open the possibility that other platforms, such as those that rely on visual communication (e.g., Instagram) or are tailored to strong-tie network communication (e.g., WhatsApp), are more influential. Furthermore, the few studies conducted in other countries suggest that social media use increases political misperceptions. Still, these works use cross-sectional designs, which are ill suited to dealing with omitted variable bias and temporal ordering of processes. Using a two-wave survey fielded in Mexico during the 2021 midterm elections (N = 596), we estimate the relationship between frequency of news exposure on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram and WhatsApp, and belief in political misinformation, while controlling for both time-invariant and timedependent individual differences. In contrast to political discussion, information literacy and digital skills, none of the social platforms analyzed exhibits a significant association with misinformed beliefs. We also tested for possible indirect, moderated, and reciprocal relationships, but none of these analyses yielded a statistically significant result. We conclude that the study is consistent with the "minimal media effects" paradigm, which suggests that efforts to address misinformation need to go beyond social platforms.

Animus. Revista Interamericana de Comunicação Midiática

Este estudo analisa criticamente a implementação da criptografia de ponta-a-ponta no aplicativo d... more Este estudo analisa criticamente a implementação da criptografia de ponta-a-ponta no aplicativo de mensageria instantânea WhatsApp, suportado pela teoria das affordances, empiricamente desenvolvido em base ao framework “biografia de plataformas”. Depois de apontar as contradições com as evidências levantadas, concluímos que a implementação deve ser interpretada como um movimento estratégico inserido em: (i) uma tática de guerrilha de Relações Públicas do WhatsApp Inc. contra estados nacionais em que se revela (ii) a programação como uma demonstração de poder da corporação de mídia digital para evitar conflitos políticos com os mesmos em que subsiste (iii) um balanço tipo custo-benefício em que prima a massividade comercial em detrimento da utopia tecnológica.

Online Information Review

PurposeWhen a concept is diffusely defined or, as this article argues, “taken for granted”, it be... more PurposeWhen a concept is diffusely defined or, as this article argues, “taken for granted”, it becomes very difficult to track such concept on the literature and have some continuity as researchers build on top of previous results. This article proposes a definition for user-generated content, a term that though has lost some saliency, stands in the center or the social media phenomenon, so it should not be disregarded as an object of study.Design/methodology/approachCelebrating 20 years of the concept, this research performs a multidisciplinary literature review of 61 academic articles on UGC. Through deconstruction of the acronym UGC, it builds on the present converging, conflicting and diverging definitions and/or approaches to UGC on an attempt to consolidate a broader definition that encompasses the complexities of the phenomenon in a context of consolidation of social media, to be applied to social sciences.FindingsFollowing the present analysis, UGC is defined as any kind of ...

New Media & Society

Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states ... more Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states but also in emerging and fragile democracies. As Russian authorities enforced a legal blockage to Instant Messenger Telegram during the past 2 years, many users kept using the app seamlessly thanks to what we call a subversive affordance: a built-in proxy functionality that allows users to seamlessly circumvent the blockage. We claim it is subversive because it allows users to overcome the blockage as the consequence of the app’s development, with a significant fraction of users who did not have to take action to bypass the blockage. By conducting an online survey and performing a meta-cluster analysis, we found a group we labeled the undeprived: people that, despite presenting traits frequently associated with digital divides—such as gender, age, and low levels of digital skills—were able to keep using the app.

Social Media + Society

WhatsApp’s implementation of end-to-end encryption has been celebrated by many. Intriguingly, tho... more WhatsApp’s implementation of end-to-end encryption has been celebrated by many. Intriguingly, though, the invisible affordance was made visible with an individual message to each conversation. In this research, we “properly scrutinize” the roll-out of the affordance in historical perspective inspired by the “platform biography” approach, critically comparing corporate and media documentation with an analysis of the attributes and affordances that refer to the realm of privacy and security with focus on the end-to-end encryption. After pointing the contradictions with evidences found, we conclude that the implementation should be interpreted neither as a plain idealistic saga for user privacy and security by the App’s founders nor as simply a market-oriented approach—though both are clearly components of the company’s motives—but as a strategic move inserted in a: (1) Public Relations guerrilla strategy from WhatsApp Inc. facing national States and respective intelligence agencies or...

First Monday

This study takes advantage of a forceful legal 12-hour deprivation of access to WhatsApp messagin... more This study takes advantage of a forceful legal 12-hour deprivation of access to WhatsApp messaging service nationwide in Brazil on 18 December 2015. Right after the blockage, we ran a survey to capture the reaction of Brazilians that were cut off from the App, aiming to understand which factors point to the capacity to successfully circumvent the blockage. Anxiety, digital skills and gender were found to be related to success, while isolation and age were not. Furthermore, a cluster analysis of 306 respondents that attempted to bypass the blockage identified four groups that summarize the reaction patterns in face of the blockage: the deprived, the challengers, the addicted and the elite. We discuss the possible implications of the findings for the field.

InMediaciones de la Comunicación

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma tipologia classificatória da hipermídia no ambiente da ... more Esse trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma tipologia classificatória da hipermídia no ambiente da Internet a partir da análise por amostragem de variadas manifestações, contrapondo as visões mercadológica, acadêmica, artística, e impondo uma abordagem científica a partir da semiótica e das ciências da informação. Tal proposta procura não apenas retratar a área de criação e desenvolvimento hipermídia para a Internet, mas elaborar uma tipologia crítica aos paradigmas atuais e desvinculada de tecnicismos. Sustentado especialmente pela fenomenologia peirceana, esse trabalho busca apontar características fundamentais de um projeto hipermídia sob a ótica dos processos comunicacionais envolvidos. Foram assim identificadas três dimensões do design de hipermídia, inspiradas no sistema homem-tarefa-máquina – que são interator, interface e informação – e três níveis cognitivos em que se dão os processos semióticos entre tais dimensões, apoiados nas categorias fenomenológicas de Peirce – nível da percepção como primeiridade, nível da relação como secundidade, nível da interpretação como terceiridade. Concluiremos o trabalho com uma série de postulados sobre tendências da hipermídia reveladas por esse estudo.

Cuadernos.info

Este estudio analiza la polarización de las opiniones en Twitter que se generaron en torno al ase... more Este estudio analiza la polarización de las opiniones en Twitter que se generaron en torno al asesinato del comunero mapuche Camilo Catrillanca en Chile, en 2018, tras revelarse las irregularidades del procedimiento policial en torno a su muerte. Se explora la presencia de las llamadas cámaras de eco y las burbujas de filtro en clústeres formados por grupos con mayor presencia de usuarios radicalizados políticamente de acuerdo con sus perfiles en la plataforma. Apoyado en técnicas de análisis de redes sociales (ARS), analítica de medios sociales y análisis de contenido, se observa que las redes formadas por actores más radicales de derecha son más homofílicas y usan menor diversidad de fuentes. Se discuten los resultados, se señalan limitaciones y posibles caminos futuros.

New Media and Society, 2021

Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states ... more Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states but also in emerging and fragile democracies. As Russian authorities enforced a legal blockage to Instant Messenger Telegram during the past two years, many users kept using the app seamlessly thanks to what we call a subversive affordance: a built-in proxy functionality that allows users to seamlessly circumvent the blockage. We claim it is subversive because it allows users to overcome the blockage as the consequence of the app’s development, with a significant fraction of users who didn’t have to take action to bypass the blockage. By conducting an online survey and performing a meta-cluster analysis, we found a group we labeled the undeprived: people that, despite presenting traits frequently associated with digital divides—such as gender, age, and low levels of digital skills—were able to keep using the app.

Online Information Review, 2021

When a concept is diffusely defined or, as this article argues, “taken for granted”, it becomes v... more When a concept is diffusely defined or, as this article argues, “taken for granted”, it becomes very difficult to track such concept on the literature and have some continuity as researchers build on top of previous results. This article proposes a definition for User-Generated Content, a term that though has lost some saliency, stands in the center or the social media phenomenon, so it should not be disregarded as an object of study.
Celebrating 20 years of the concept, this research performs a multidisciplinary literature review of 61 academic articles on UGC. Through deconstruction of the acronym UGC, it builds on the present converging, conflicting and diverging definitions and/or approaches to User-Generated Content on an attempt to consolidate a broader definition that encompasses the complexities of the phenomenon in a context of consolidation of social media, to be applied to social sciences.
Following the present analysis, User-Generated Content is defined as any kind of text, data or action performed by online digital systems users, published and disseminated by the same user through independent channels, that incur an expressive or communicative effect either on an individual manner or combined with other contributions from the same or other sources.
This is the first academic effort that aims to create an in-depth dialogue over the different approaches to UGC across disciplines on the social sciences field. It should help reignite interest in the acronym, which got somehow eclipsed by the broader field of social media; whilst without UGC, social media would not exist or would not have the same social impact it does in its current form. Analogously, UGC as a topic of research has been deeply affected by the emergence and consolidation of Social Media. As this debate evolves, this contribution should be helpful as a reference to operationalize UGC on future research.

Chasqui , 2024

Affordances-driven ethics for research on mobile instant messaging: Notes from the Global South, 2024

Mobile Media and Communication, 2024

Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 2023

Oxford University Press eBooks, Aug 18, 2022

Convergence, 2023

International Journal of Press/Politics, Mar 24, 2022

Animus. Revista Interamericana de Comunicação Midiática

Online Information Review

New Media & Society

Social Media + Society

First Monday

InMediaciones de la Comunicación

Cuadernos.info

New Media and Society, 2021

Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states ... more Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states but also in emerging and fragile democracies. As Russian authorities enforced a legal blockage to Instant Messenger Telegram during the past two years, many users kept using the app seamlessly thanks to what we call a subversive affordance: a built-in proxy functionality that allows users to seamlessly circumvent the blockage. We claim it is subversive because it allows users to overcome the blockage as the consequence of the app’s development, with a significant fraction of users who didn’t have to take action to bypass the blockage. By conducting an online survey and performing a meta-cluster analysis, we found a group we labeled the undeprived: people that, despite presenting traits frequently associated with digital divides—such as gender, age, and low levels of digital skills—were able to keep using the app.

Online Information Review, 2021

Eyewitness Textures User-Generated Content and Journalism in the Twenty-First Century, 2023

During 2016, Brazil was stage to a political turmoil that still leaves scars in the country’s dem... more During 2016, Brazil was stage to a political turmoil that still leaves scars in the country’s democratic tissue, due to high levels of polarization (Goldstein, 2016; Solano, Ortellado & Moretto Ribeiro, 2019). On April 17 that year, an impeachment process against elected president Dilma Rousseff from the left-wing Workers’ Party (PT on the Brazilian acronym), was voted favorably by the house of representatives, sustained by an accusation of mismanaging public finances. She would later be convicted and impeached from presidency after an almost year-long judicial process, paving the way to center-right politician Michel Temer, her vice-president, to inherit her office.

Such political scenario gave way, as well, to a growing polarization of the country, still on course as this chapter is being written, and propelled an unforeseen sequence of street protests, both for and against the impeachment process. This chapter identifies the quantitative patterns of textual-visual citizen publications on Twitter that emerged during different stages of the first organized large-scale protest against the concluded impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in September 4 2016, in Brazil. That is, the first protest after Temer became officially on duty on August 30th.

From an initial sample of 52,554 tweets that contained the main hashtag used for the protest (#ForaTemer ), quantitative screening processes were performed to filter down the tweets to original posts that contained media recording the event (mainly photos and videos). From the subsample of 2,285 tweets that fulfilled such conditions, 780 were considered as testimonial registries of the event and therefore were further coded according to a set of categories (Content Analysis).

This chapter explores how the different stages of the protest – identified here as five: Gathering, March, Final Act, Repression and Mediated Conversation – reflect upon the production and circulation of testimonial audiovisual content on Twitter by ordinary users engaged in the ad hoc publics (Bruns & Burgess, 2011) formed around the hashtag #ForaTemer during 7 hours of protest: How do patterns of communication change according to the events? What are the most popular UGC patterns? Do they vary significantly according to different stages of the protest? Which stages incite the production and circulation of UGC and which ones inhibit it? These are some of the questions the chapter will explore. The implications of such patterns of production and circulation of UGC content are discussed.

A América Latina frente ao governo do COVID-19: Desigualdades, Crises e Resistências, 2022

Durante a agudização da crise sanitária em virtude da pandemia COVID-19, a polarização, já eviden... more Durante a agudização da crise sanitária em virtude da pandemia COVID-19, a polarização, já evidente no campo político, pouco a pouco extravasava para o campo da crise sanitária e, desde então, parece que a orientação política passou a identificar um posicionamento quanto aos tratamentos e medidas, de forma perigosamente promíscua, como outra dimensão de infecção da pandemia.O presente capítulo é um estudo exploratório desta situação em, ao menos, dois sentidos: metodológico e epistemológico. Por um lado, a exploração se dirige à combinação de métodos digitais que tratam de dar conta de um “alvo em movimento”. Para tanto, identificamos e analisamos as principais fontes difundidas por usuários de declarada posição política em meio à discussão sobre as medidas não farmacológicas de restrição da mobilidade e da sociabilidade (alinhado a Bolsonaro ou ao lulopetismo; ou ao revés: anti-bolsonaro ou anti-lulista/ antipetista). Por outro lado, o estudo indaga, de forma também exploratória, como se dão as dinâmicas de discussão de temas polêmicos como este, que são contaminados por uma polarização política cujos traços apontam mais para elementos afetivos do que ideológicos.

New Media & Society, 2021

Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states ... more Internet, social media, and app shutdowns have become frequent, not only in authoritarian states but also in emerging and fragile democracies. As Russian authorities enforced a legal blockage to Instant Messenger Telegram during the past two years, many users kept using the app seamlessly thanks to what we call a subversive affordance: a built-in proxy functionality that allows users to seamlessly circumvent the blockage. We claim it is subversive because it allows users to overcome the blockage as the consequence of the app's development, with a significant fraction of users who didn't have to take action to bypass the blockage. By conducting an online survey and performing a meta-cluster analysis, we found a group we labeled the undeprived: people that, despite presenting traits frequently associated with digital divides-such as gender, age, and low levels of digital skills-were able to keep using the app.

Oxford Handbook of Political Participation (forthcoming), 2022

(parte del prefacio de Bernardo Sorj y Sergio Fausto) (...) Las democracias contemporáneas enfre... more (parte del prefacio de Bernardo Sorj y Sergio Fausto)
(...) Las democracias contemporáneas enfrentan enormes desafíos: partidos políticos fragilizados, procesos globales que redefinen las posibilidades de acción del estado nacional, desigualdad social y descreencia en los políticos. Todos estos temas y otros no mencionados, son atravesados e influenciados por los nuevos medios de comunicación. Conteniendo 18 casos de estudios en seis países sudamericanos, el libro presenta una amplia gama de experiencias innovadoras y sus impactos en las formas tradicionales de organización y de actuación de la sociedad civil, los partidos políticos y gobiernos.
(...)
Nos encontramos al inicio de una nueva era y hay mucho para aprender, acompañar y analizar. Sin dejar de reconocer que todo esfuerzo de síntesis es parcial y precario, esperamos que este libro contribuya al debate de un tema crucial para el futuro de la democracia.

A través de dos estudios de caso en Chile se busca entender el rol de diferentes tipos de usuario... more A través de dos estudios de caso en Chile se busca entender el rol de diferentes tipos de usuarios de Twitter en la convocatoria y difusión de información sobre protesta, usando conceptos de Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS).

El presente trabajo discute algunas de las problemáticas efecto del análisis crítico de los proce... more El presente trabajo discute algunas de las problemáticas efecto del análisis crítico de los procedimientos y límites técnicos y conceptuales encontradas durante diferentes investigaciones en el marco del Big Data que tienen Twitter como objeto de estudio y consecuentemente fuente de datos, desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales y en particular de los estudios de movimientos sociales. Se abarcan cuestiones referentes tanto al proceso de coleta y filtraje de datos cuanto del análisis y visualización y se presentan algunas propuestas con el ánimo de ilustrar posibles caminos para el campo, con énfasis para la relación intrínseca entre los procesos de captura y análisis de los datos.

Este trabalho discute algumas das problemáticas que surgem a partir de uma análise crítica dos procedimentos e limites técnicos e conceituais encontrados durante diferentes pesquisas nos moldes da pesquisa de tipo Big Data e que têm o Twitter como objeto de estudo e consequentemente como fonte de dados, da perspectiva das ciências sociais e em particular dos estudos de movimentos sociais. Contemplam-se questões referentes tanto aos processos de coleta e filtragem de dados como de análise e visualização e se apresentam algumas propostas com o intuito de ilustrar caminhos possíveis para o campo, com ênfase para a relação intrínseca entre os processos de captura e análise dos dados.

Guía metodológica elaborada en el marco del proyecto PNUD "Fortalecimiento de la Gestión Pública ... more Guía metodológica elaborada en el marco del proyecto PNUD "Fortalecimiento de la Gestión Pública Participativa y Cohesión Social", que busca fortalecer la capacidad y organización de los servidores y administradores públicos al momento de formular un proyecto en general, y en particular proyectos con carácter participativo.

Guía elaborada en el marco del proyecto PNUD "Fortalecimiento de la Gestión Pública Participativa... more Guía elaborada en el marco del proyecto PNUD "Fortalecimiento de la Gestión Pública Participativa y Cohesión Social", resultado de una serie de entrevistas con gestores de redes sociales digitales del gobierno de Chile a fines de 2013 y principio de 2014. El estudio trata de sistematizar algunas mejores prácticas a lo largo del ciclo de gestión de políticas públicas, desde la Preparación, pasando por la Elaboración y finalmente la Implementación, que incluye procesos de monitoreo y retroalimentación.

Actas INCOM 2016, 2016

El presente trabajo discute algunas de las problemáticas efecto de la interpretación de los proce... more El presente trabajo discute algunas de las problemáticas efecto de la interpretación de los procedimientos y límites técnicos y conceptuales encontradas durante diferentes investigaciones que tienen Twitter como objeto de estudio y consecuentemente fuente de datos. Se abarcan cuestiones referentes tanto al proceso de coleta y filtraje de datos cuanto del análisis y visualización y se presentan algunas propuestas con el ánimo de ilustrar posibles caminos.

Análisis de Contenido de artículos publicados en 4 bases de datos de Comunicación representati... more Análisis de Contenido de artículos publicados en 4 bases de datos de Comunicación representativas del campo: Web of Science, Communication & Mass Media Complete, Latindex y SciELO. Como resultado fueron analizados 56 artículos que trataron la relación entre Medios Sociales y Movimientos Sociales en el periodo contemplado. Fueron analizadas variables de: identificación, tema, método, uso de teoría y resultado de los estudios con el objetivo de delimitar el estado del arte sobre la relación entre uso de Medios Sociales (MedS) y Movimientos Sociales (MovS) en el campo específico de la Comunicación.

A partir del cruce de la Poética Aristotélica con la metacrítica de Daniel Lehman a la crítica de... more A partir del cruce de la Poética Aristotélica con la metacrítica de Daniel Lehman a la crítica de la no ficción, en este estudio se realiza un análisis de la narrativa en Twitter respecto a la protesta de la noche de 4 de agosto de 2011 en Chile: el cacerolazo convocado por el movimiento estudiantil de aquél mismo año. A partir de una base de datos de todos los 53.126 tuits que circularon alrededor de dicha fecha con la etiqueta “#cacerolazo” se realiza una etnografía virtual en que se plantea que el relato de la protesta en Twitter tuvo tres etapas (o ‘actos’) que siguen la lógica de la tragedia Aristotélica: peripecia, catarsis y diégesis. A modo de conclusión, se discuten el alcance y los límites del estudio, además de apuntar posibilidades de futuros desarrollos en el tema.

Interferencia, 2022

A una semana de distancia del plebiscito y luego de ya diversos análisis que han empezado a despl... more A una semana de distancia del plebiscito y luego de ya diversos análisis que han empezado a desplegarse en medios The Peer Review aprovechó de entrevistar al respecto a Marcelo Santos, Doctor y magíster en Ciencias de la Comunicación por la Universidad Católica de Chile, Magíster en Semiótica, licenciado en Comunicación Social. Fue coordinador del Laboratorio Multimodal de Plataforma Telar e investiga el área general de comunicación política, más específicamente el cruce entre tecnologías digitales y democracia, que se desempeña como especialista en el Centro de Investigación en Comunicación, Literatura y Observación Social (CICLOS) UDP.

The Peer Review, 2022

Reflexiones iniciales sobre el resultado del plebiscito de salida de la propuesta de nueva consti... more Reflexiones iniciales sobre el resultado del plebiscito de salida de la propuesta de nueva constitución en Chile

Consideraciones sobre la parrilla programática de la televisión ante los cambios culturales adscr... more Consideraciones sobre la parrilla programática de la televisión ante los cambios culturales adscritos a las tecnologías digitales de comunicación en la industria del entretenimiento y la información

Nota en Le Monde Diplomatique sobre la implementación de la Ley de Neutralidad de Red en el conte... more Nota en Le Monde Diplomatique sobre la implementación de la Ley de Neutralidad de Red en el contexto de medios neoliberal.

Dissertacao de Mestrado, 2005

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma tipologia classificatória da hipermídia no ambiente da ... more Esse trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma tipologia classificatória da hipermídia no ambiente da Internet a partir da análise por amostragem de variadas manifestações, contrapondo as visões mercadológica, acadêmica, artística, e impondo uma abordagem científica a partir da semiótica e das ciências da informação. Tal proposta procura não apenas retratar a área de criação e desenvolvimento hipermídia para a Internet, mas elaborar uma tipologia crítica aos paradigmas atuais e desvinculada de tecnicismos. Sustentado especialmente pela fenomenologia peirceana, esse trabalho busca apontar características fundamentais de um projeto hipermídia sob a ótica dos processos comunicacionais envolvidos.
Foram assim identificadas três dimensões do design de hipermídia, inspiradas no sistema homem-tarefa-máquina – que são interator, interface e informação – e três níveis cognitivos em que se dão os processos semióticos entre tais dimensões, apoiados nas categorias fenomenológicas de Peirce – nível da percepção como primeiridade, nível da relação como secundidade, nível da interpretação como terceiridade.
Concluiremos o trabalho com uma série de postulados sobre tendências da hipermídia reveladas por esse estudo.

This thesis conceives and operationalises empirically (under the quantitative and the qualitative... more This thesis conceives and operationalises empirically (under the quantitative and the qualitative paradigms) the concept of testimonial User-Generated Content, or tUGC. The case selected to apply such concept was Brazil’s ex- president’s Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment process, as observed from tweets posted with #ForaTemer during two protests in the context of her final trial: 08/31/2018 and 09/04/2018. The empirical work uses a mixed-methods approach to: identify testimonial tweets; code them individually applying Content Analysis; and appreciate its creative process through the lenses of the ICT’s social appropriation framework via a series of ten interviews with users that produced and published tUGC within the two protests.
Results point to three main different patterns of creation of testimonial UGC: Political tUGC, Journalistic tUGC and Expressive. tUGC proved to be context and stage-sensitive, as its quantitative patterns of creation and diffusion vary significantly as different days or different stages of the same protest are analysed. From a strictly quantitative perspective (retweets), tUGC does not seem very relevant, so its role as an effective protest tactics seems to be limited to a theoretical or at least latent possibility, at least per the studied case. Interviews revealed a clear convergence in the creation of tUGC, linked to the strong perception of all interviewees that traditional media coverage was severely biased, therefore prompting tUGC as a manifestation of collective intelligence. Furthermore, they revealed both a feeling of deep satisfaction related to the fulfilling of a ‘civic duty’ while on the other hand a sentiment of frustration due to the inefficacy of the protests as the political events followed their original course. It is outlined that tUGC is an interdisciplinary concept that may and should be applied to other disciplines such as disaster management, entertainment and others.