Abdul Abubaka | Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Abdul Abubaka

a. a. abubakar, M. M. noordin, t. I. azmi, Animal medicine and Surgery, m. m. Noordin, Dvm, mSc, ... more a. a. abubakar, M. M. noordin, t. I. azmi, Animal medicine and Surgery, m. m. Noordin, Dvm, mSc, PhD, Department of veterinary Pathology and microbiology, T. I. Azmi, Dvm, mSc, PhD, Department of Preclinical veterinary Sciences, Universiti Putra malaysia, malaysia. correspondence should be sent to m. Y. loqman;

Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedur... more Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a crucial role in the mechanism of central sensitisation. Ketamine is most commonly used NMDA-antagonist in human and veterinary practice. However, the antinociceptive serum concentration of ketamine is not yet properly established in dogs. Six dogs were used in a crossover design, with one week washout period. Treatments consisted of: 1) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 30 μg/kg/min; 2) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 30 μg/kg/min and lidocaine (2 mg/kg followed by CRI of 100 μg/kg/min); and 3) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 50 μg/kg/min. The infusion was administered up to 120 min. Nociceptive thresholds and ketamine serum concentrations were measured before drug administration, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 140 and 160 min after the start of infusion.

A month old male Ouda lamb was presented with abnormal ulcerative growth at the umbilicus. On phy... more A month old male Ouda lamb was presented with abnormal ulcerative growth at the umbilicus. On physical examination, the mass was solid measured 2x2.5cm 2 and ulcerative with foul smelling odor. Standard surgical excision of mass was successfully performed. Biopsy revealed proliferation of vessels with flattened endothelia, suggestive of hemangiosarcoma.

The study was carried out to determine the efficacy of stock concentration of the commonly used d... more The study was carried out to determine the efficacy of stock concentration of the commonly used disinfectant as scrub solution for surgical site in goats. The evaluation of efficacy and safety of commercially available disinfectant and antiseptic (0.3% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.4% Chloroxylenol and 4% Povidone iodine) as scrub solution for surgical site, using stock concentration was assessed in thirty (30) Red Sokoto goats undergoing non elective surgical procedures at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Zonal Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto. Colony counting was used to quantify skin bacteria Colony Forming Unit (CFU) at surgical site before and after skin preparation. Reduction of CFU before and after preparation was significant with all the three disinfectants compared (p<0.05) and the result shows that Povidone iodine and Chloroxylenol to be less effecacious than Chlorhexidine gluconate when mean colony forming unit after two minute of preparing the surgical sites.

This study was conducted to validate the use of a modified algometer device to measure mechanical... more This study was conducted to validate the use of a modified algometer device to measure mechanical nociceptive thresholds in six dogs. Dogs were administered morphine intravenously (IV) at 1 mg/kg or saline at equivolume in a crossover design with one-week washout period. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined before, after the administration of treatments at 5 minutes, and hourly for 8 hours. Thresholds were recorded at the carpal pad, metacarpal foot pad, tibia, femur, and abdomen. Heart rates, body temperature, and respiration were recorded at similar time points. Thresholds increased significantly (í µí±ƒ < 0.05) from baseline values for up to 3 hours at tibia and abdomen, 4 hours at metacarpal pad, and 5 hours at the carpal pad and femur. Hypothermia, bradycardia, and change in respiration were observed in all dogs after morphine injection. Saline did not alter any threshold levels during the eight-hour study period, indicating no evidence of tolerance, learned avoidance, or local hyperaesthesia. The device and methods of testing were well tolerated by all the dogs. Results suggest that the modified algometer and method of application are useful to measure nociceptive mechanical thresholds in awake dogs.

A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used ... more A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used in closing skin incision at paralumbar fossa in fifteen apparently healthy male and female adult goats. The goats were randomly divided into three groups: A (Subcuticular); B(Ford interlocking) and C(Simple interrupted). Clinical appearance of the surgical wound was scored twice post surgery at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days using swelling, erythema, dehiscence and discharge as the parameters. There were no statistical difference (P<0.05) among the three suture patterns at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days post surgery. It was concluded that any of the three suture techniques could be used to close skin incision in goats and result in good healing.

A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used ... more A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used in closing skin incision at paralumbar fossa in fifteen apparently healthy male and female adult goats. The goats were randomly divided into three groups: A (Subcuticular); B(Ford interlocking) and C(Simple interrupted). Clinical appearance of the surgical wound was scored twice post surgery at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days using swelling, erythema, dehiscence and discharge as the parameters. There were no statistical difference (P<0.05) among the three suture patterns at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days post surgery. It was concluded that any of the three suture techniques could be used to close skin incision in goats and result in good healing.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the healing intervals among simple interrupted (SI),... more SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the healing intervals among simple interrupted (SI), ford interlocking (FI) and subcuticular (SC) suture patterns in goats. We hypothesized that these common suture patterns used for closure of incisional skin wounds may have effect on the healing interval. To test this hypothesis, two parameters (subjective healing interval and histologic objective healing interval) were used to investigate the healing interval of the three suture patterns. Our findings showed that, there was significant differences (P<0.05) in subjective healing interval between s u b c u t i c u l a r (S C) w i t h f o r d interlocking (FI), but there was no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n subcuticular with simple interrupted patterns. There were also no significant differences between ford-interlocking and simple interrupted. Histologic findings at seventh day post surgery revealed low polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) infiltrations and early fibroblast, collagen fibers and epidermal keratinization in the subcuticular group in comparison with the two other groups. At fourteen day post-surgery, there was marked 1107 reduction of inflammatory infiltrates in the subcuticular group when compare with the two other groups, while the collagen fiber density and epidermal k e r a t i n i z a t i o n i n c r e a s e d i n t h e subcuticular group. At twenty first-day p o s t-s u r g e r y , t h e r e w e r e n o inflammatory cells in subcuticular group, while collagen density was higher, and the orientation of the collagen fibers were horizontal, suggestive of faster healing in comparison with the simple interrupted and ford interlocking groups. It was concluded as measured by subjective healing interval and histologic objective healing interval that surgical skin-wound closed by subcuticular suture pattern alone healed faster than simple interrupted and ford interlocking s u t u r e p a t t e r n s r e i n f o r c e d a f t e r subcuticular closure, on the other hand simple interrupted pattern healed faster than ford interlocking.

An 8-year old male, neutered Nigerian indigenous dog was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo Univer... more An 8-year old male, neutered Nigerian indigenous dog was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto because of chronic intermittent vomiting, off feed and progressive wasting. Physical examination of the abdomen revealed hard mass in the abdominal cavity. Survey abdominal radiography (lateral view) revealed impacted material along with electrical wire in the stomach. Standard gastrotomy was successfully performed to evacuate the gastric foreign body.

The study was performed on ten healthy dogs to evaluate the quality of analgesic effect on select... more The study was performed on ten healthy dogs to evaluate the quality of analgesic effect on selected vital physiological parameters and complete haematological profiles. The dogs were randomly divided into ketamine alone (KA) and combination of ketamine + xylazine (KX) group, each group comprising five animals. Dogs in KA group were given fixed doses of ketamine at 10mgkg -1 through lumbosacral epidural space. Group KX were given ketamine at 10mgkg -1 in combination with Xylazine at 0.5mgkg -1 via the same route. There was complete analgesia caudal to the thoracic region in both the groups. The mean onset of analgesia in group KA was shorter (2.2±0.45) compared with group KX (2.8±0.84). Duration of analgesia in group KX was longer (60±12.23) compared with (50±7.07) in KA group. There was transient increase in heart and respiratory rates in all the groups with significant differences. There was decrease in RBC, Hb, PCV and RDW with significant differences. Transient decrease in total WBC, total granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes was also noticed with significant differences. There was also decrease in total platelets, platelets critical value, mean platelets volume and platelets dimension width with significant difference at certain timing intervals in all the groups. It was concluded that single lumbosacral epidural administration of ketamine (10mgkg -1 ) alone or in combination with xylazine (0.5mgkg -1 ) can produce analgesia caudal to thoracic region with minimal cardiopulmonary and haematological effects.

The aim of the study was to compare two laparotomy approaches (flank and midventral). Ten ( = 10)... more The aim of the study was to compare two laparotomy approaches (flank and midventral). Ten ( = 10) apparently healthy goats of different breeds and sex, average age of 12 ± 2.1 months, and average weight of 13.4 ± 2 kg were used for the investigation. The goats were randomly divided into flank and midventral groups, each group comprising five goats ( = 5). Standard aseptic laparotomy was performed under lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia with mild sedation. Postsurgical wound score showed significant difference ( < 0.05) in erythema at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days after surgery between the two approaches; significant difference of dehiscence between the two groups was also recorded at 10-14 days after surgery. Total white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes counts were significantly different ( < 0.05) at the first and second week after surgery. There was significant difference of platelets critical value and platelets dimension width at the first and second week after surgery. Significant difference of packed cells volume between the two approaches was also recorded one week after surgery. It was concluded that midventral laparotomy approach can be conveniently and safely performed under aseptic precautions without fear of intra-and postoperative clinical problems.

a. a. abubakar, M. M. noordin, t. I. azmi, Animal medicine and Surgery, m. m. Noordin, Dvm, mSc, ... more a. a. abubakar, M. M. noordin, t. I. azmi, Animal medicine and Surgery, m. m. Noordin, Dvm, mSc, PhD, Department of veterinary Pathology and microbiology, T. I. Azmi, Dvm, mSc, PhD, Department of Preclinical veterinary Sciences, Universiti Putra malaysia, malaysia. correspondence should be sent to m. Y. loqman;

Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedur... more Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a crucial role in the mechanism of central sensitisation. Ketamine is most commonly used NMDA-antagonist in human and veterinary practice. However, the antinociceptive serum concentration of ketamine is not yet properly established in dogs. Six dogs were used in a crossover design, with one week washout period. Treatments consisted of: 1) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 30 μg/kg/min; 2) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 30 μg/kg/min and lidocaine (2 mg/kg followed by CRI of 100 μg/kg/min); and 3) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 50 μg/kg/min. The infusion was administered up to 120 min. Nociceptive thresholds and ketamine serum concentrations were measured before drug administration, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 140 and 160 min after the start of infusion.

A month old male Ouda lamb was presented with abnormal ulcerative growth at the umbilicus. On phy... more A month old male Ouda lamb was presented with abnormal ulcerative growth at the umbilicus. On physical examination, the mass was solid measured 2x2.5cm 2 and ulcerative with foul smelling odor. Standard surgical excision of mass was successfully performed. Biopsy revealed proliferation of vessels with flattened endothelia, suggestive of hemangiosarcoma.

The study was carried out to determine the efficacy of stock concentration of the commonly used d... more The study was carried out to determine the efficacy of stock concentration of the commonly used disinfectant as scrub solution for surgical site in goats. The evaluation of efficacy and safety of commercially available disinfectant and antiseptic (0.3% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.4% Chloroxylenol and 4% Povidone iodine) as scrub solution for surgical site, using stock concentration was assessed in thirty (30) Red Sokoto goats undergoing non elective surgical procedures at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Zonal Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto. Colony counting was used to quantify skin bacteria Colony Forming Unit (CFU) at surgical site before and after skin preparation. Reduction of CFU before and after preparation was significant with all the three disinfectants compared (p<0.05) and the result shows that Povidone iodine and Chloroxylenol to be less effecacious than Chlorhexidine gluconate when mean colony forming unit after two minute of preparing the surgical sites.

This study was conducted to validate the use of a modified algometer device to measure mechanical... more This study was conducted to validate the use of a modified algometer device to measure mechanical nociceptive thresholds in six dogs. Dogs were administered morphine intravenously (IV) at 1 mg/kg or saline at equivolume in a crossover design with one-week washout period. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined before, after the administration of treatments at 5 minutes, and hourly for 8 hours. Thresholds were recorded at the carpal pad, metacarpal foot pad, tibia, femur, and abdomen. Heart rates, body temperature, and respiration were recorded at similar time points. Thresholds increased significantly (í µí±ƒ < 0.05) from baseline values for up to 3 hours at tibia and abdomen, 4 hours at metacarpal pad, and 5 hours at the carpal pad and femur. Hypothermia, bradycardia, and change in respiration were observed in all dogs after morphine injection. Saline did not alter any threshold levels during the eight-hour study period, indicating no evidence of tolerance, learned avoidance, or local hyperaesthesia. The device and methods of testing were well tolerated by all the dogs. Results suggest that the modified algometer and method of application are useful to measure nociceptive mechanical thresholds in awake dogs.

A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used ... more A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used in closing skin incision at paralumbar fossa in fifteen apparently healthy male and female adult goats. The goats were randomly divided into three groups: A (Subcuticular); B(Ford interlocking) and C(Simple interrupted). Clinical appearance of the surgical wound was scored twice post surgery at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days using swelling, erythema, dehiscence and discharge as the parameters. There were no statistical difference (P<0.05) among the three suture patterns at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days post surgery. It was concluded that any of the three suture techniques could be used to close skin incision in goats and result in good healing.

A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used ... more A B S T R A C T Subcuticular, simple interrupted and ford interlocking suture patterns were used in closing skin incision at paralumbar fossa in fifteen apparently healthy male and female adult goats. The goats were randomly divided into three groups: A (Subcuticular); B(Ford interlocking) and C(Simple interrupted). Clinical appearance of the surgical wound was scored twice post surgery at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days using swelling, erythema, dehiscence and discharge as the parameters. There were no statistical difference (P<0.05) among the three suture patterns at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days post surgery. It was concluded that any of the three suture techniques could be used to close skin incision in goats and result in good healing.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the healing intervals among simple interrupted (SI),... more SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the healing intervals among simple interrupted (SI), ford interlocking (FI) and subcuticular (SC) suture patterns in goats. We hypothesized that these common suture patterns used for closure of incisional skin wounds may have effect on the healing interval. To test this hypothesis, two parameters (subjective healing interval and histologic objective healing interval) were used to investigate the healing interval of the three suture patterns. Our findings showed that, there was significant differences (P<0.05) in subjective healing interval between s u b c u t i c u l a r (S C) w i t h f o r d interlocking (FI), but there was no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n subcuticular with simple interrupted patterns. There were also no significant differences between ford-interlocking and simple interrupted. Histologic findings at seventh day post surgery revealed low polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) infiltrations and early fibroblast, collagen fibers and epidermal keratinization in the subcuticular group in comparison with the two other groups. At fourteen day post-surgery, there was marked 1107 reduction of inflammatory infiltrates in the subcuticular group when compare with the two other groups, while the collagen fiber density and epidermal k e r a t i n i z a t i o n i n c r e a s e d i n t h e subcuticular group. At twenty first-day p o s t-s u r g e r y , t h e r e w e r e n o inflammatory cells in subcuticular group, while collagen density was higher, and the orientation of the collagen fibers were horizontal, suggestive of faster healing in comparison with the simple interrupted and ford interlocking groups. It was concluded as measured by subjective healing interval and histologic objective healing interval that surgical skin-wound closed by subcuticular suture pattern alone healed faster than simple interrupted and ford interlocking s u t u r e p a t t e r n s r e i n f o r c e d a f t e r subcuticular closure, on the other hand simple interrupted pattern healed faster than ford interlocking.

An 8-year old male, neutered Nigerian indigenous dog was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo Univer... more An 8-year old male, neutered Nigerian indigenous dog was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto because of chronic intermittent vomiting, off feed and progressive wasting. Physical examination of the abdomen revealed hard mass in the abdominal cavity. Survey abdominal radiography (lateral view) revealed impacted material along with electrical wire in the stomach. Standard gastrotomy was successfully performed to evacuate the gastric foreign body.

The study was performed on ten healthy dogs to evaluate the quality of analgesic effect on select... more The study was performed on ten healthy dogs to evaluate the quality of analgesic effect on selected vital physiological parameters and complete haematological profiles. The dogs were randomly divided into ketamine alone (KA) and combination of ketamine + xylazine (KX) group, each group comprising five animals. Dogs in KA group were given fixed doses of ketamine at 10mgkg -1 through lumbosacral epidural space. Group KX were given ketamine at 10mgkg -1 in combination with Xylazine at 0.5mgkg -1 via the same route. There was complete analgesia caudal to the thoracic region in both the groups. The mean onset of analgesia in group KA was shorter (2.2±0.45) compared with group KX (2.8±0.84). Duration of analgesia in group KX was longer (60±12.23) compared with (50±7.07) in KA group. There was transient increase in heart and respiratory rates in all the groups with significant differences. There was decrease in RBC, Hb, PCV and RDW with significant differences. Transient decrease in total WBC, total granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes was also noticed with significant differences. There was also decrease in total platelets, platelets critical value, mean platelets volume and platelets dimension width with significant difference at certain timing intervals in all the groups. It was concluded that single lumbosacral epidural administration of ketamine (10mgkg -1 ) alone or in combination with xylazine (0.5mgkg -1 ) can produce analgesia caudal to thoracic region with minimal cardiopulmonary and haematological effects.

The aim of the study was to compare two laparotomy approaches (flank and midventral). Ten ( = 10)... more The aim of the study was to compare two laparotomy approaches (flank and midventral). Ten ( = 10) apparently healthy goats of different breeds and sex, average age of 12 ± 2.1 months, and average weight of 13.4 ± 2 kg were used for the investigation. The goats were randomly divided into flank and midventral groups, each group comprising five goats ( = 5). Standard aseptic laparotomy was performed under lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia with mild sedation. Postsurgical wound score showed significant difference ( < 0.05) in erythema at 18-24 hours and 10-14 days after surgery between the two approaches; significant difference of dehiscence between the two groups was also recorded at 10-14 days after surgery. Total white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes counts were significantly different ( < 0.05) at the first and second week after surgery. There was significant difference of platelets critical value and platelets dimension width at the first and second week after surgery. Significant difference of packed cells volume between the two approaches was also recorded one week after surgery. It was concluded that midventral laparotomy approach can be conveniently and safely performed under aseptic precautions without fear of intra-and postoperative clinical problems.