Teijo Palander | University of Eastern Finland (original) (raw)

Papers by Teijo Palander

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Oct 19, 2023

Current forestry reports, Apr 4, 2024

Purpose of Review The forest industry has deployed systems of information and communication techn... more Purpose of Review The forest industry has deployed systems of information and communication technology to improve the productivity of forest supply chains. In this sense, the digitalization of data flows significantly impacts wood supply chains, from forest to mills, which must react flexibly to market fluctuations of forest products. The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review on data flow implementations in management systems of wood supply chains and to evaluate their applicability in supply chains to analyze the opportunities for improving them in practice. Recent Findings We utilized the ScienceDirect database, Scopus, and Web of Science in order to document data flows in systems and actual applications. Due to ongoing outsourcing, the wood procurement chains and the wood supply chains were identified in the forest industry. In addition to industrial wood data, several different data collection technologies can be implemented in wood supply chains to digitalize the forest data depending on the specific needs of organizations. In this regard, the digitalization of big data causes significant changes in available data elements of practical operations that are integrated and standardized in the optimization and simulation systems. Summary A modeling guide is suggested for accurate dynamic solution of problems of forest logistics. Then, the opportunities in digitalization for connecting different data flows, technologies, and stakeholders are discussed thoroughly. We conclude that data-driven dynamic optimization and locally implemented digitalization contribute to wood supply modeling in the ongoing establishment of standards for cloud-based platforms because modeling time-related and sequential measures will ensure successful forest logistics through planning and monitoring wood supply chains.

Advances in Polymer Technology, 1998

Skip to Main Content. ...

Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks, 2020

Previous studies have suggested that the use of high-capacity transportation (HCT) can lead to lo... more Previous studies have suggested that the use of high-capacity transportation (HCT) can lead to low-carbon road-transportation in the forest industry. This study shows the impacts (in terms of energy efficiency) of a three-year adaptation process of transportation (2014-2016) towards HCT that took place in a synchronized transportation system (STS). The use of three transportation fleet-management control (TFMC) methods was analyzed in various road infrastructures. Energy-efficiency calculations were undertaken based on the HCT vehicles' mass limits (64, 68 and 76 t). The use of 76 t vehicles increased energy efficiency by 13.4% and reduced CO 2 emissions by 3.5% (to 49.6 g/tkm). In addition, the results show that the energy efficiency of the STS could be improved by a further 3.1%. In this respect, the proposed TFMC was used to adjust the STS towards vehicle-group transportation while meeting the roadclass constraints of local wood supply chains. Forest-industry companies in Finland and abroad can use the tailored TFMC to optimize the STS in the near future and to achieve the energyefficient STS and the regulations of the European Commission in wood-procurement logistics.

Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks, 2020

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with... more Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Prime Archives in Environmental Research 3 www.videleaf.com pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Biosystems Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Sustainable wood supply Thinning Wood procurement Monitoring systems were applied to a single-gri... more Sustainable wood supply Thinning Wood procurement Monitoring systems were applied to a single-grip harvester logging cut-to-length roundwood in Finland. Using single-grip harvesters may results in stem damages to the remaining trees during thinning, thereby reducing the growth and wood quality of the trees. These concerns justify the need for a decision support system to monitor stem damage in sustainable wood supply. One method to carry out harvesting-quality monitoring involves the application of image processing. The development of a monitoring system relies on the simulation of stem damage to 54 trees, 23 of which were Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 31 of which were Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). The algorithm was validated using data from 15 stands (463 trees) in the field. The damage to the stem was systematically photographed from a strip road and was intended to simulate the operation of machine vision. To determine the relationship between successful detection and stand-harvesting condition, an analysis of the detection of stem damage was conducted using the image processing technique. Meaningful relationships, which are suitable for use in linear classifiers for image processing, were discovered using logistic regression analysis. To improve the stem-damage monitoring system for a single-grip harvester, it was concluded that given the requirement for accurate thresholds of the stem-damage texture, development should focus on multi-view photogrammetry of the damage using machine learning. The monitoring system could be applicable outside Finland for the quality management of sustainable wood procurement.

Silva Fennica, 2002

Many kinds of decision support systems (DSSs) have been suggested for use of wood procurement org... more Many kinds of decision support systems (DSSs) have been suggested for use of wood procurement organisations, but few meet the real needs of team managers in group decision-making process. Therefore, it has been concluded that the important features of group decision support systems (GDSSs) should be developed for teamwork-based organisations. Electronic meeting systems (EMSs), Computer-aided Visualisations (CAVs) and heuristics as well as other numerical approaches as combined with optimisation seem to be some of the most promising elements of GroupWare, because decisions are made in distributed groups and they deal with human behaviour. Relations between GDSSs and spontaneous decision conferencing (SDC) for modern organisations are also discussed, and suggestions for future research of management approaches are also given.

Silva Fennica, 2023

The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on vi... more The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system Anttila P., Ojala J., Palander T., Väätäinen K. (2023). The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Nov 1, 2018

A third of the final energy demand and almost a fifth of total emissions in the European Union is... more A third of the final energy demand and almost a fifth of total emissions in the European Union is caused by road transportation. Advanced biofuels and larger and heavier vehicles have been seen in the literature as one potential logistics solution with which to improve the energy efficiency of the forest industry. The Finnish government aims to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base by the year 2045, emphasizing the country's renewable forests as a source for energy and biofuel cycles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the local biofuel cycling through larger and heavier vehicles may affect the sustainability of wood procurement in the industrial ecosystem by focusing on transport efficiency, cost-efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper presents a quantitative energy-performance analysis from the optimization of results of the multi-objective dynamic biofuel cycle model. Goal programming enables the energy management solution for three biofuel scenarios of larger and heavier vehicles in the 100% carbon-neutral wood procurement of decentralized energy production. Since the basic scenario in 2013, there has been an upward trend in the average payload weight and a transition in 7-to 9-axle vehicle combinations. While the increase in energy efficiency is significant, it is less than half of the government's maximum scenario estimated prior to the regulations. The novelty of this study is in providing the impacts of the local biofuel cycles (5%, 15% and 30%) on the energy efficiency of road freight transportation to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base for Finland. Furthermore, the results also provide decision support to the ongoing policy debate towards the 100% sustainable wood supply and/or wood procurement of the industrial ecosystems in Europe.

International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2014

In this study, a potential fuel procurement planning model to sustainable energy production probl... more In this study, a potential fuel procurement planning model to sustainable energy production problems is considered. In Finland peat is commonly used as a fuel of energy plants. However, it is recently considered as non-renewable fuel. Therefore, we tested the model using Finnish Government's peat fuel tax policy decisions for sustainable energy production. However, due to the complex nature of the renewable fuel-procurement problem, the optimisation model cannot be directly used to solve the problem in a manner that is relevant to the forest industry. Therefore, this model was combined with an energy-production model to better describe the combinatorial complexity of energy flows. The properties of the model are discussed and we present the examples of how the model works based on real-world data and optional fuel procurement constraints. The results show peat and forest fuel relationships which indicate that meeting peat tax targets may not be adequate for the future success of renewable energy production, because energy production costs are increasing and forest fuel procurement targets can not be achieved.

International Journal of Forest Engineering, Jan 8, 2023

Metsätieteen aikakauskirja, 2011

Small-scale Forestry, Jan 11, 2020

In this study, the information needs of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland, after lo... more In this study, the information needs of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland, after logging operations, were investigated. The study was carried out as an online survey in 2017. The survey was targeted at non-industrial private forest owners who had sold their timber during the previous 10 years (2008-2017) and whose email addresses were in the customer relationship management system of a large wood procurement company in Finland. A response link for the survey was successfully sent to 31,988 forest owners, of whom 3323 replied (response rate: 10.4%). The final study data included 3284 non-industrial private forest owners. The results of the study, which need to be interpreted cautiously due to the low response rate, showed that the forest owners want better-quality reporting after logging operations. Furthermore, the results suggested that gender, age, education, occupational status, place of living, size of, and access to, forest property, and length of, and objectives for, forest ownership have a significant effect on their information needs. Younger, highly-educated, female, urban-living and multi-objective forest owners with larger forest holdings and short forest ownership tenures desired more information. Particularly, the respondents conveyed that they would like more and better information about thinning harvesting result. The results also indicated that when different groups of forest owners call for certain information, there is a need for producing different types of reports after logging operations for different forest owner segments.

Optimization and Engineering, May 9, 2022

The faster market changes of EU's CO 2 emission allowance price have increased operation challeng... more The faster market changes of EU's CO 2 emission allowance price have increased operation challenges in wood supply of forest industry. The objectives of this study are to present basics of its data-driven modeling for purchasing renewable forest wood. Particularly, the effects of the changes in prices and available carbon sink are considered in management of wood purchasing at the level of the local districts. Two scenarios described procurement situations in non-renewable carbon sinks. The results were compared to the scenario in renewable carbon sink of carbon-neutral forestry. Time-varying emission-allowance parameters of models affected wood purchase and deliveries in the districts. Therefore, cost efficiency of wood-supply operations, as well as the utilization rate of renewable wood resources, can be optimized by data-driven dynamic wood-flow models in digitalized decision support. In addition, the results testify that the model optimizes wood purchasing in the districts at the way of CO 2 emission allowance market. Therefore, by using the model woodsupply operations could be optimized toward carbon neutrality, which is important success factor of forest industry. Keywords Carbon neutrality • Carbon sink • CO 2 emission allowance price • Dynamic linear optimization • Environmental sustainability • Renewable wood Abbreviations Z Minimum WSC costs (€), P lmo Amount (m 3) of environmentally sustainable wood l purchased in district m for month o,

Energies, Jul 21, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Forest Science, Aug 2, 2012

The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for adjusting machine and work models... more The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for adjusting machine and work models after a short work period using a harvester simulator and the application of factor analysis. The methodology integrates work models into a harvester system controller that controls the machine's complex work cycle under conditions in which the phases of the work cycle overlap to varying degrees. During the automatic work phase analysis, four principal components of the harvester's work were identified and were subsequently integrated within a multidomain productivity model. We then compared and analyzed the performance of five operators using a harvesting simulator under similar work conditions. We found that operator productivities were mostly similar. However, the work model differed among the operators, because similar harvesting productivity could be attained on the basis of different stem-processing decisions and different fuel consumption rates. We used the detailed productivity and work phase data provided by the automatic monitoring system to identify the most important work phases in each work model. The results are satisfactory and the methodology can be easily used in adaptive controllers that modify a machine's behavior to suit each operator's unique work model. The potential for adjusting the work model (e.g., during training), thereby improving productivity and reducing fuel consumption, is high but must be confirmed through additional experiments or during real-world work studies.

Forests, Oct 5, 2019

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with... more Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Background and Objectives: The root and butt-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. causes wood quality damage to trees in softwood forests. When timber is harvested in butt-rotten forests, it is essential that the decayed part of the tree is recognized and cut away from a stem, while the healthy and good quality log section of a stem is cross cut with precision sawlogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of two off-cutting methods on stem processing time, cutting productivity, sawlog volume, and commercial value at the roadside landing when harvesting timber from the butt-rotten Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) final-felling forests. Materials and Methods: The length of the short offcuts used was 0.5 m. The results of the cross-cutting practices were compared to the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m from the butt of the rotten stems. Time and motion studies were carried out in stands before the profitability calculations. The study data consisted of 1980 Norway spruce sawlog stems. Results: Sounding of the short offcuts added significantly to the stem processing time of butt-rotten stems, but the sawlog volume and the timber value recovery of the stems were higher than those of the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m. Conclusions: The study concluded that sounding of butt-rotten Norway spruce stems with one to three offcuts is economically profitable if the diameter of the decayed column at the stem stump's height is small (≤5 cm). In contrast, when the width of the decay is larger (>5 cm), it is more profitable to first cross cut the decayed pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Silva Fennica, 2023

In southern Lapland, 70% of drained peatland forests have a peat layer thickness of less than one... more In southern Lapland, 70% of drained peatland forests have a peat layer thickness of less than one metre. On these sites, the question is how the subsoil under the peat affects groundwater level and thus timber harvesting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the peat layer(<1 m) and subsoil on the groundwater level and its variation during the growing season (non-frost) by modelling the factors affecting water level. In sandy soils, the groundwater level rose by 20 cm when the peat layer thickness increased from 20 to 70 cm. In silty soils the effect of the peat thickness on groundwater remained minor. When the subsoil was sand or coarser, the groundwater level was usually deeper than when it was silty or finer. The effect of stand volume(m–3 ha–1) on the groundwater level was rather weak albeit significant. The model explained a significant part of the groundwater surface variation, with a marginal coefficient of determination(R2) of 68%. It seems that the rutting of roads could be avoided in late summer if the precipitation is remarkably lower during that period, or if the subsoil is sandy with thin peat layer on top of it. Because the groundwater level affects the load-bearing capacity of timber-harvesting machinery, it is important to study this issue in more detail in the future.

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Oct 19, 2023

Current forestry reports, Apr 4, 2024

Purpose of Review The forest industry has deployed systems of information and communication techn... more Purpose of Review The forest industry has deployed systems of information and communication technology to improve the productivity of forest supply chains. In this sense, the digitalization of data flows significantly impacts wood supply chains, from forest to mills, which must react flexibly to market fluctuations of forest products. The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review on data flow implementations in management systems of wood supply chains and to evaluate their applicability in supply chains to analyze the opportunities for improving them in practice. Recent Findings We utilized the ScienceDirect database, Scopus, and Web of Science in order to document data flows in systems and actual applications. Due to ongoing outsourcing, the wood procurement chains and the wood supply chains were identified in the forest industry. In addition to industrial wood data, several different data collection technologies can be implemented in wood supply chains to digitalize the forest data depending on the specific needs of organizations. In this regard, the digitalization of big data causes significant changes in available data elements of practical operations that are integrated and standardized in the optimization and simulation systems. Summary A modeling guide is suggested for accurate dynamic solution of problems of forest logistics. Then, the opportunities in digitalization for connecting different data flows, technologies, and stakeholders are discussed thoroughly. We conclude that data-driven dynamic optimization and locally implemented digitalization contribute to wood supply modeling in the ongoing establishment of standards for cloud-based platforms because modeling time-related and sequential measures will ensure successful forest logistics through planning and monitoring wood supply chains.

Advances in Polymer Technology, 1998

Skip to Main Content. ...

Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks, 2020

Previous studies have suggested that the use of high-capacity transportation (HCT) can lead to lo... more Previous studies have suggested that the use of high-capacity transportation (HCT) can lead to low-carbon road-transportation in the forest industry. This study shows the impacts (in terms of energy efficiency) of a three-year adaptation process of transportation (2014-2016) towards HCT that took place in a synchronized transportation system (STS). The use of three transportation fleet-management control (TFMC) methods was analyzed in various road infrastructures. Energy-efficiency calculations were undertaken based on the HCT vehicles' mass limits (64, 68 and 76 t). The use of 76 t vehicles increased energy efficiency by 13.4% and reduced CO 2 emissions by 3.5% (to 49.6 g/tkm). In addition, the results show that the energy efficiency of the STS could be improved by a further 3.1%. In this respect, the proposed TFMC was used to adjust the STS towards vehicle-group transportation while meeting the roadclass constraints of local wood supply chains. Forest-industry companies in Finland and abroad can use the tailored TFMC to optimize the STS in the near future and to achieve the energyefficient STS and the regulations of the European Commission in wood-procurement logistics.

Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks, 2020

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with... more Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Prime Archives in Environmental Research 3 www.videleaf.com pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Biosystems Engineering, Apr 1, 2019

Sustainable wood supply Thinning Wood procurement Monitoring systems were applied to a single-gri... more Sustainable wood supply Thinning Wood procurement Monitoring systems were applied to a single-grip harvester logging cut-to-length roundwood in Finland. Using single-grip harvesters may results in stem damages to the remaining trees during thinning, thereby reducing the growth and wood quality of the trees. These concerns justify the need for a decision support system to monitor stem damage in sustainable wood supply. One method to carry out harvesting-quality monitoring involves the application of image processing. The development of a monitoring system relies on the simulation of stem damage to 54 trees, 23 of which were Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 31 of which were Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). The algorithm was validated using data from 15 stands (463 trees) in the field. The damage to the stem was systematically photographed from a strip road and was intended to simulate the operation of machine vision. To determine the relationship between successful detection and stand-harvesting condition, an analysis of the detection of stem damage was conducted using the image processing technique. Meaningful relationships, which are suitable for use in linear classifiers for image processing, were discovered using logistic regression analysis. To improve the stem-damage monitoring system for a single-grip harvester, it was concluded that given the requirement for accurate thresholds of the stem-damage texture, development should focus on multi-view photogrammetry of the damage using machine learning. The monitoring system could be applicable outside Finland for the quality management of sustainable wood procurement.

Silva Fennica, 2002

Many kinds of decision support systems (DSSs) have been suggested for use of wood procurement org... more Many kinds of decision support systems (DSSs) have been suggested for use of wood procurement organisations, but few meet the real needs of team managers in group decision-making process. Therefore, it has been concluded that the important features of group decision support systems (GDSSs) should be developed for teamwork-based organisations. Electronic meeting systems (EMSs), Computer-aided Visualisations (CAVs) and heuristics as well as other numerical approaches as combined with optimisation seem to be some of the most promising elements of GroupWare, because decisions are made in distributed groups and they deal with human behaviour. Relations between GDSSs and spontaneous decision conferencing (SDC) for modern organisations are also discussed, and suggestions for future research of management approaches are also given.

Silva Fennica, 2023

The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on vi... more The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system Anttila P., Ojala J., Palander T., Väätäinen K. (2023). The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system.

Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Nov 1, 2018

A third of the final energy demand and almost a fifth of total emissions in the European Union is... more A third of the final energy demand and almost a fifth of total emissions in the European Union is caused by road transportation. Advanced biofuels and larger and heavier vehicles have been seen in the literature as one potential logistics solution with which to improve the energy efficiency of the forest industry. The Finnish government aims to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base by the year 2045, emphasizing the country's renewable forests as a source for energy and biofuel cycles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the local biofuel cycling through larger and heavier vehicles may affect the sustainability of wood procurement in the industrial ecosystem by focusing on transport efficiency, cost-efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper presents a quantitative energy-performance analysis from the optimization of results of the multi-objective dynamic biofuel cycle model. Goal programming enables the energy management solution for three biofuel scenarios of larger and heavier vehicles in the 100% carbon-neutral wood procurement of decentralized energy production. Since the basic scenario in 2013, there has been an upward trend in the average payload weight and a transition in 7-to 9-axle vehicle combinations. While the increase in energy efficiency is significant, it is less than half of the government's maximum scenario estimated prior to the regulations. The novelty of this study is in providing the impacts of the local biofuel cycles (5%, 15% and 30%) on the energy efficiency of road freight transportation to create a 100% carbon-neutral energy base for Finland. Furthermore, the results also provide decision support to the ongoing policy debate towards the 100% sustainable wood supply and/or wood procurement of the industrial ecosystems in Europe.

International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2014

In this study, a potential fuel procurement planning model to sustainable energy production probl... more In this study, a potential fuel procurement planning model to sustainable energy production problems is considered. In Finland peat is commonly used as a fuel of energy plants. However, it is recently considered as non-renewable fuel. Therefore, we tested the model using Finnish Government's peat fuel tax policy decisions for sustainable energy production. However, due to the complex nature of the renewable fuel-procurement problem, the optimisation model cannot be directly used to solve the problem in a manner that is relevant to the forest industry. Therefore, this model was combined with an energy-production model to better describe the combinatorial complexity of energy flows. The properties of the model are discussed and we present the examples of how the model works based on real-world data and optional fuel procurement constraints. The results show peat and forest fuel relationships which indicate that meeting peat tax targets may not be adequate for the future success of renewable energy production, because energy production costs are increasing and forest fuel procurement targets can not be achieved.

International Journal of Forest Engineering, Jan 8, 2023

Metsätieteen aikakauskirja, 2011

Small-scale Forestry, Jan 11, 2020

In this study, the information needs of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland, after lo... more In this study, the information needs of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland, after logging operations, were investigated. The study was carried out as an online survey in 2017. The survey was targeted at non-industrial private forest owners who had sold their timber during the previous 10 years (2008-2017) and whose email addresses were in the customer relationship management system of a large wood procurement company in Finland. A response link for the survey was successfully sent to 31,988 forest owners, of whom 3323 replied (response rate: 10.4%). The final study data included 3284 non-industrial private forest owners. The results of the study, which need to be interpreted cautiously due to the low response rate, showed that the forest owners want better-quality reporting after logging operations. Furthermore, the results suggested that gender, age, education, occupational status, place of living, size of, and access to, forest property, and length of, and objectives for, forest ownership have a significant effect on their information needs. Younger, highly-educated, female, urban-living and multi-objective forest owners with larger forest holdings and short forest ownership tenures desired more information. Particularly, the respondents conveyed that they would like more and better information about thinning harvesting result. The results also indicated that when different groups of forest owners call for certain information, there is a need for producing different types of reports after logging operations for different forest owner segments.

Optimization and Engineering, May 9, 2022

The faster market changes of EU's CO 2 emission allowance price have increased operation challeng... more The faster market changes of EU's CO 2 emission allowance price have increased operation challenges in wood supply of forest industry. The objectives of this study are to present basics of its data-driven modeling for purchasing renewable forest wood. Particularly, the effects of the changes in prices and available carbon sink are considered in management of wood purchasing at the level of the local districts. Two scenarios described procurement situations in non-renewable carbon sinks. The results were compared to the scenario in renewable carbon sink of carbon-neutral forestry. Time-varying emission-allowance parameters of models affected wood purchase and deliveries in the districts. Therefore, cost efficiency of wood-supply operations, as well as the utilization rate of renewable wood resources, can be optimized by data-driven dynamic wood-flow models in digitalized decision support. In addition, the results testify that the model optimizes wood purchasing in the districts at the way of CO 2 emission allowance market. Therefore, by using the model woodsupply operations could be optimized toward carbon neutrality, which is important success factor of forest industry. Keywords Carbon neutrality • Carbon sink • CO 2 emission allowance price • Dynamic linear optimization • Environmental sustainability • Renewable wood Abbreviations Z Minimum WSC costs (€), P lmo Amount (m 3) of environmentally sustainable wood l purchased in district m for month o,

Energies, Jul 21, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Forest Science, Aug 2, 2012

The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for adjusting machine and work models... more The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for adjusting machine and work models after a short work period using a harvester simulator and the application of factor analysis. The methodology integrates work models into a harvester system controller that controls the machine's complex work cycle under conditions in which the phases of the work cycle overlap to varying degrees. During the automatic work phase analysis, four principal components of the harvester's work were identified and were subsequently integrated within a multidomain productivity model. We then compared and analyzed the performance of five operators using a harvesting simulator under similar work conditions. We found that operator productivities were mostly similar. However, the work model differed among the operators, because similar harvesting productivity could be attained on the basis of different stem-processing decisions and different fuel consumption rates. We used the detailed productivity and work phase data provided by the automatic monitoring system to identify the most important work phases in each work model. The results are satisfactory and the methodology can be easily used in adaptive controllers that modify a machine's behavior to suit each operator's unique work model. The potential for adjusting the work model (e.g., during training), thereby improving productivity and reducing fuel consumption, is high but must be confirmed through additional experiments or during real-world work studies.

Forests, Oct 5, 2019

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with... more Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Background and Objectives: The root and butt-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. causes wood quality damage to trees in softwood forests. When timber is harvested in butt-rotten forests, it is essential that the decayed part of the tree is recognized and cut away from a stem, while the healthy and good quality log section of a stem is cross cut with precision sawlogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of two off-cutting methods on stem processing time, cutting productivity, sawlog volume, and commercial value at the roadside landing when harvesting timber from the butt-rotten Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) final-felling forests. Materials and Methods: The length of the short offcuts used was 0.5 m. The results of the cross-cutting practices were compared to the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m from the butt of the rotten stems. Time and motion studies were carried out in stands before the profitability calculations. The study data consisted of 1980 Norway spruce sawlog stems. Results: Sounding of the short offcuts added significantly to the stem processing time of butt-rotten stems, but the sawlog volume and the timber value recovery of the stems were higher than those of the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m. Conclusions: The study concluded that sounding of butt-rotten Norway spruce stems with one to three offcuts is economically profitable if the diameter of the decayed column at the stem stump's height is small (≤5 cm). In contrast, when the width of the decay is larger (>5 cm), it is more profitable to first cross cut the decayed pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Silva Fennica, 2023

In southern Lapland, 70% of drained peatland forests have a peat layer thickness of less than one... more In southern Lapland, 70% of drained peatland forests have a peat layer thickness of less than one metre. On these sites, the question is how the subsoil under the peat affects groundwater level and thus timber harvesting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the peat layer(<1 m) and subsoil on the groundwater level and its variation during the growing season (non-frost) by modelling the factors affecting water level. In sandy soils, the groundwater level rose by 20 cm when the peat layer thickness increased from 20 to 70 cm. In silty soils the effect of the peat thickness on groundwater remained minor. When the subsoil was sand or coarser, the groundwater level was usually deeper than when it was silty or finer. The effect of stand volume(m–3 ha–1) on the groundwater level was rather weak albeit significant. The model explained a significant part of the groundwater surface variation, with a marginal coefficient of determination(R2) of 68%. It seems that the rutting of roads could be avoided in late summer if the precipitation is remarkably lower during that period, or if the subsoil is sandy with thin peat layer on top of it. Because the groundwater level affects the load-bearing capacity of timber-harvesting machinery, it is important to study this issue in more detail in the future.