Engr Haroon | University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan (original) (raw)
Papers by Engr Haroon
Construction and Building Materials, Nov 1, 2021
Bitumen is produced from non-renewable natural resources, continuously deplete and intrigues rese... more Bitumen is produced from non-renewable natural resources, continuously deplete and intrigues researchers to look for alternative binders. Annually, tons of waste engine oil (WEO) and crumb rubber (CR) are discarded unsustainably and pose a significant environmental threat. Adding these industrial waste products to asphalt provides a safe and cost-effective way for their disposal and improves the bitumen's performance in parallel. This study uses various combinations of waste engine oil and crumb rubber with 60/70 penetration grade bitumen to produce a partially synthetic bitumen. Adhesion being one of the critical characteristics of the bituminous binder has been assessed using the bitumen bond strength test along with physical and rheological properties. Results showed that waste engine oil with crumb rubber inclusion increases penetration and decreases the softening point, viscosity, complex modulus, and bonding strength. Additionally, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) in smaller dosa...
The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability. ... more The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability. The limitations of traditional bitumen in flexible asphalt pavements are due to the significant rise in traffic loads and volumes. The reason for incorporating tire waste into bitumen is its incredible qualities and economical price as a bitumen modifier. The quality of crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) mainly depends on the concentration of crumb rubber (CR) dispersed into the base bitumen. The primary target of this research is to modify the bitumen with CR to improve the thermal properties, rheology, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, and moisture-damaged performance. The three concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% of CR, were prepared by dispersion in conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The consistency and mixture test results concluded that the optimum dosage of CR-10% provides appropriate thermal, rheological, rut, fatigue, and moisture-damaged performance.
Organophilic nano clay is the composition of mostly clay and organic molecules designed to improv... more Organophilic nano clay is the composition of mostly clay and organic molecules designed to improve various materials' physical and chemical properties. Permanent deformation in asphalt pavements is primarily the result of inadequate compaction, excessive loading, and high temperatures. Rutting can result in aquaplaning, leading to accidents and costly maintenance and rehabilitation works that drain the economy. Such behavior of asphalt pavements may be attributable to poor selection of aggregate, asphalt binder, or substandard asphalt binders. This study used different percentages of organophilic nano clay ranging from 3.0% - 5.0% with two penetration grade bitumen, i.e., N.R.L 60-70 & N.R.L 80-100. Adding organophilic nano clay to asphalt binder significantly reduced the rutting potential under cyclic loading at high temperatures (55 °C). Ten modified formulations and two virgin bitumen specimens were prepared. The modified binders' viscosity and rutting were tested using t...
As urban populations and transport demand expand, Pakistani metropolitan centers face traffic con... more As urban populations and transport demand expand, Pakistani metropolitan centers face traffic congestion and environmental challenges. This research aims to assess carpooling (CP) to alleviate traffic congestion, fuel demand, and pollution. This study was conducted in Islamabad, a fast-growing city with a high percentage of personal cars in Pakistan, to assess the travelers’ perceptions, and public acceptance of CP and determine the effects on traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. The investigation of travelers' perceptions towards CP was conducted through a stated preference questionnaire survey. A total of 700 responses from one million population of Islamabad were collected as per Sloven's Formula. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. Various factors influencing peoples’ travel perceptions, mode choice, and tendency to carpool, were categorized to evaluate the relationship between travelers’ perception and the tendency to carpool in ...
Infrastructures
Nano-technology has played a vital role in upgrading the durability and sustainability of asphalt... more Nano-technology has played a vital role in upgrading the durability and sustainability of asphalt pavements during the last decade. Conventional bitumen does not provide adequate performance against permanent deformation in severe weather conditions. Quartz nano-size particles (QNPs) (1, 3, and 5% by weight of the bitumen) were employed in this research to modify the conventional base bitumen PG 58–16. Conventional physical (penetration, softening, ductility, and flash and fire point), rheological, frequency sweep, high-performance grading, and moisture susceptibility tests were performed to investigate the enhancement of the base bitumen performance. Marshall mix design was conducted on each asphalt mixture to determine the optimum bitumen content (OBC) percentage for the preparation of wheel tracker samples to evaluate the effect of QNPs on asphalt mixtures. Laboratory test findings showed that the optimum concentration of QNPs is 5% by weight of base bitumen. The homogeneity and ...
Learning is a familiarity, performance, progression, and proficiency of acquisition of knowledge ... more Learning is a familiarity, performance, progression, and proficiency of acquisition of knowledge or skill (American Heritage Dictionary), therefore it’s an established reality that a learned and unlearned, less learned and more learned can never produce same amount of results. In the academic arena this has been clearly understood that the development of HR is one of the major sources to have continuous growth in academic standards. Though here around has been increasing studies on impact of schooling and training on academic standards in Higher education, but researcher’s attention has been mostly limited to the training of higher management. In this study we are going to use the approach to examine the directional relationship between different kinds of trainings for different hierarchal slabs at the public universities with the academic standards.
July 2021, 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Journal of The National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2020
The existence of water in the layers of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete pavement can lead to weake... more The existence of water in the layers of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete pavement can lead to weakening of bonds between bitumen and aggregates, and cause moisture damage. In the last few decades, various research has been carried out on the specific subject of moisture damage and permeability; however, only limited work has been carried out to study the relationship of air voids with permeability and durability in HMA. The key objective of this research was to study whether such a relationship exists. This was determined by using locally available materials and the most common gradation used in Pakistan. Laboratory permeability tests were conducted on the prepared slabs while an indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) test of the prepared samples was performed in the laboratory, which was used as moisture damage potential parameter against various air void levels. AASHTO T-283 test procedure showed a drop in TSR value while EN 12697-40 (80-B0093) test method showed an increase in perme...
Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due ... more Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due to increase in traffic volumes and loads. Nanomaterials, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, are gaining popularity as bitumen modifiers to enhance the performance properties of the asphaltic concrete. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials because of their strength properties, light weight, small size, and large surface area. CNT addition results in improved substrate characteristics as compared to other modifiers. Due to high length to diameter ratio, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen is a complex phenomenon. In this study, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen was carried out using both dry and wet mixing techniques, the latter was selected on the basis of homogeneity of the resultant asphalt mixture. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the dispersion of CNTs in binder while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out ...
Plastic obtained from the discarded computers, televisions, refrigerators, and other electronic d... more Plastic obtained from the discarded computers, televisions, refrigerators, and other electronic devices is termed as e-plastic waste. E-plastic waste is non-biodegradable waste. This paper focuses to investigate the replacement of fine aggregate with plastic aggregate obtained from e-plastic. The paper presents a detailed comparison of concrete properties (i.e.: compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, density and workability) for normal concrete and concrete containing e-plastic fine aggregates. The testing was conducted according to the ASTM standards. 28-day Compressive, Flexural and Split tensile strengths were determined. In addition to the effect of e-plastic fine aggregate, silica fume is added as an admixture to find the effect on strengths. Authors have performed a compressive, flexural and tensile test of concrete mix with various percentages of e-plastic aggregates (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and silica fume (i.e.: 0, 5 and 10%) and concrete densities a...
July 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throug... more Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past with different additives to improve its high-or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids, polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70 penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. e bone glue is produced from a sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt composite. e influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone gluemodified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. e results from the tests reveal that bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences
Construction and Building Materials, Nov 1, 2021
Bitumen is produced from non-renewable natural resources, continuously deplete and intrigues rese... more Bitumen is produced from non-renewable natural resources, continuously deplete and intrigues researchers to look for alternative binders. Annually, tons of waste engine oil (WEO) and crumb rubber (CR) are discarded unsustainably and pose a significant environmental threat. Adding these industrial waste products to asphalt provides a safe and cost-effective way for their disposal and improves the bitumen's performance in parallel. This study uses various combinations of waste engine oil and crumb rubber with 60/70 penetration grade bitumen to produce a partially synthetic bitumen. Adhesion being one of the critical characteristics of the bituminous binder has been assessed using the bitumen bond strength test along with physical and rheological properties. Results showed that waste engine oil with crumb rubber inclusion increases penetration and decreases the softening point, viscosity, complex modulus, and bonding strength. Additionally, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) in smaller dosa...
The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability. ... more The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability. The limitations of traditional bitumen in flexible asphalt pavements are due to the significant rise in traffic loads and volumes. The reason for incorporating tire waste into bitumen is its incredible qualities and economical price as a bitumen modifier. The quality of crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) mainly depends on the concentration of crumb rubber (CR) dispersed into the base bitumen. The primary target of this research is to modify the bitumen with CR to improve the thermal properties, rheology, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, and moisture-damaged performance. The three concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% of CR, were prepared by dispersion in conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The consistency and mixture test results concluded that the optimum dosage of CR-10% provides appropriate thermal, rheological, rut, fatigue, and moisture-damaged performance.
Organophilic nano clay is the composition of mostly clay and organic molecules designed to improv... more Organophilic nano clay is the composition of mostly clay and organic molecules designed to improve various materials' physical and chemical properties. Permanent deformation in asphalt pavements is primarily the result of inadequate compaction, excessive loading, and high temperatures. Rutting can result in aquaplaning, leading to accidents and costly maintenance and rehabilitation works that drain the economy. Such behavior of asphalt pavements may be attributable to poor selection of aggregate, asphalt binder, or substandard asphalt binders. This study used different percentages of organophilic nano clay ranging from 3.0% - 5.0% with two penetration grade bitumen, i.e., N.R.L 60-70 & N.R.L 80-100. Adding organophilic nano clay to asphalt binder significantly reduced the rutting potential under cyclic loading at high temperatures (55 °C). Ten modified formulations and two virgin bitumen specimens were prepared. The modified binders' viscosity and rutting were tested using t...
As urban populations and transport demand expand, Pakistani metropolitan centers face traffic con... more As urban populations and transport demand expand, Pakistani metropolitan centers face traffic congestion and environmental challenges. This research aims to assess carpooling (CP) to alleviate traffic congestion, fuel demand, and pollution. This study was conducted in Islamabad, a fast-growing city with a high percentage of personal cars in Pakistan, to assess the travelers’ perceptions, and public acceptance of CP and determine the effects on traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. The investigation of travelers' perceptions towards CP was conducted through a stated preference questionnaire survey. A total of 700 responses from one million population of Islamabad were collected as per Sloven's Formula. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. Various factors influencing peoples’ travel perceptions, mode choice, and tendency to carpool, were categorized to evaluate the relationship between travelers’ perception and the tendency to carpool in ...
Infrastructures
Nano-technology has played a vital role in upgrading the durability and sustainability of asphalt... more Nano-technology has played a vital role in upgrading the durability and sustainability of asphalt pavements during the last decade. Conventional bitumen does not provide adequate performance against permanent deformation in severe weather conditions. Quartz nano-size particles (QNPs) (1, 3, and 5% by weight of the bitumen) were employed in this research to modify the conventional base bitumen PG 58–16. Conventional physical (penetration, softening, ductility, and flash and fire point), rheological, frequency sweep, high-performance grading, and moisture susceptibility tests were performed to investigate the enhancement of the base bitumen performance. Marshall mix design was conducted on each asphalt mixture to determine the optimum bitumen content (OBC) percentage for the preparation of wheel tracker samples to evaluate the effect of QNPs on asphalt mixtures. Laboratory test findings showed that the optimum concentration of QNPs is 5% by weight of base bitumen. The homogeneity and ...
Learning is a familiarity, performance, progression, and proficiency of acquisition of knowledge ... more Learning is a familiarity, performance, progression, and proficiency of acquisition of knowledge or skill (American Heritage Dictionary), therefore it’s an established reality that a learned and unlearned, less learned and more learned can never produce same amount of results. In the academic arena this has been clearly understood that the development of HR is one of the major sources to have continuous growth in academic standards. Though here around has been increasing studies on impact of schooling and training on academic standards in Higher education, but researcher’s attention has been mostly limited to the training of higher management. In this study we are going to use the approach to examine the directional relationship between different kinds of trainings for different hierarchal slabs at the public universities with the academic standards.
July 2021, 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Journal of The National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2020
The existence of water in the layers of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete pavement can lead to weake... more The existence of water in the layers of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete pavement can lead to weakening of bonds between bitumen and aggregates, and cause moisture damage. In the last few decades, various research has been carried out on the specific subject of moisture damage and permeability; however, only limited work has been carried out to study the relationship of air voids with permeability and durability in HMA. The key objective of this research was to study whether such a relationship exists. This was determined by using locally available materials and the most common gradation used in Pakistan. Laboratory permeability tests were conducted on the prepared slabs while an indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) test of the prepared samples was performed in the laboratory, which was used as moisture damage potential parameter against various air void levels. AASHTO T-283 test procedure showed a drop in TSR value while EN 12697-40 (80-B0093) test method showed an increase in perme...
Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due ... more Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due to increase in traffic volumes and loads. Nanomaterials, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, are gaining popularity as bitumen modifiers to enhance the performance properties of the asphaltic concrete. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials because of their strength properties, light weight, small size, and large surface area. CNT addition results in improved substrate characteristics as compared to other modifiers. Due to high length to diameter ratio, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen is a complex phenomenon. In this study, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen was carried out using both dry and wet mixing techniques, the latter was selected on the basis of homogeneity of the resultant asphalt mixture. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the dispersion of CNTs in binder while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out ...
Plastic obtained from the discarded computers, televisions, refrigerators, and other electronic d... more Plastic obtained from the discarded computers, televisions, refrigerators, and other electronic devices is termed as e-plastic waste. E-plastic waste is non-biodegradable waste. This paper focuses to investigate the replacement of fine aggregate with plastic aggregate obtained from e-plastic. The paper presents a detailed comparison of concrete properties (i.e.: compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, density and workability) for normal concrete and concrete containing e-plastic fine aggregates. The testing was conducted according to the ASTM standards. 28-day Compressive, Flexural and Split tensile strengths were determined. In addition to the effect of e-plastic fine aggregate, silica fume is added as an admixture to find the effect on strengths. Authors have performed a compressive, flexural and tensile test of concrete mix with various percentages of e-plastic aggregates (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and silica fume (i.e.: 0, 5 and 10%) and concrete densities a...
July 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throug... more Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past with different additives to improve its high-or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids, polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70 penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. e bone glue is produced from a sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt composite. e influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone gluemodified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. e results from the tests reveal that bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences